International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Posterior Gastric Perforation with an Opening in Transverse Mesocolon: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Anand Singla, Sandeep Singh, Gagandeep Kaur, Deepak Jindal, Navjot Singh, Sakini Langstang","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_92_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_92_23","url":null,"abstract":"Posterior gastric perforation is a very rare finding, difficult to diagnose due to the insidious onset of upper abdominal symptoms, and no air under the diaphragm on X-ray. Posterior gastric perforation which opens into transverse mesocolon is even rarer. This is a case report done to entail such a rare case, with only two cases reported in the past. We present the case of a 21-year-old female with pain in the epigastric region spreading to involve the whole abdomen, fever, vomiting, and anorexia. In our case, radiological findings revealed pneumoperitoneum. Intraoperatively, a tract was identified between the posterior wall of the stomach and transverse mesocolon. Tract was excised and primary repair was done using the Graham patch method.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of Students’ Assessment: Case for Recognition as a Unified Concept of Valid Reliability","authors":"Kapil Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_382_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_382_23","url":null,"abstract":"Students’ assessment, the major component of learning cycle, and curriculum serve many functions.[1-4] Assessment suggests areas of improvement during the training; the selection of students based on performance helps in the evaluation of the program and also has predictive utility. The assessment can be of learning – summative assessment, for learning - formative assessment, and can be without any external supervision – internal assessment. The importance and necessity of assessment in the learning cycle of the students can be gauged from the wordings of various proverbs in use, such as – ”assessment derives learning,” “assessment leads to learning,” and “assessment are the tail that wags the curriculum dog.” The students do modify their learning as per assessment. To make a precise decision about student’s learning and competency, the assessment must have both measurable and nonmeasurable components.[5] Van der Vleuten and Schuwirth defined assessment “as any formal or purported action to obtain information about the competence and performance of a student.”[6] Further, the assessment can be either criterion-referenced-comparing the competence of students against some fixed criteria or norm-referenced-comparing the performance of students with each other. Besides an aid to learning by virtue of having a provision of feedback and thus improve learning, assessment has reverse side too-improperly designed assessment can disfigure the learning. Therefore, any assessment should possess certain qualities or attributes. Traditional Concept Two important attributes defining students’ assessment are – reliability and validity. Conventionally, reliability of an assessment tool has commonly been referred to as “reproducibility” or “getting the same scores/marks under same conditions” or “precision of the measurement” or “consistency with which a test measures what it is supposed to assess.”[7] Reliability is measurable. As per classical test theory, the alpha coefficient (AC) is a range from 0 (no reliability) to 1 (perfect reliability); so if the test has an AC of 0.8%, it means it has a reliability of 80%, while measurement error is 20%.[8] The major factor affecting reliability is content or domain specificity. How an assessment can be reliable if it is based on a limited sampling of content or large content has been included in a single sample or if it is based on a single test? Moreover, a score that is derived from solving one problem cannot be interpolated for the second one. For example, assessment scores that are based on a single long case or viva for a single patient sample cannot produce reliable scores for another problem. If at the end of any professional year, subject knowledge is assessed by single multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based test of 10 items, can it measure students’ knowledge for the whole subject? Such assessments can be held valid but not reliable. Therefore, for any assessment test to be reliable, it is important to have a ","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Buffy-coat Pooled Platelet Concentrates an Effective Alternative to Apheresis Platelet Concentrates? An In vitro Analysis at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India","authors":"Prashant Agarwal, Ashish Jain, Priti Elhence, Anupam Verma","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a need for platelet products to have the best quality. Apheresis platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained from single-donors PCs (SD-PCs) are considered best but have issues such as feasibility and cost. Buffy-coat pooled PCs (BCP-PCs) are considered an alternative to SD-PCs. This study compares BCP-PCs and SD-PCs for in vitro quality parameters and their changes during storage. Materials and Methods: Fifteen units of BCP-PCs and 15 units of SD-PCs were prepared. In this study, a pool of five buffy coats was prepared. Fifteen units of BCP-PCs were analyzed on day 1 and day 5 of storage, while 15 SD-PCs were analyzed on day 1 while ten units on day 5. The parameters analyzed were volume, hematological parameters, pH, swirling, and sterility. Results: The mean platelets count of SD-PCs was found to be significantly higher as compared to BCP-PCs. White blood cells (WBCs) contamination was significantly lower in BCP-PCs as compared to SD-PCs. The mean pH and mean platelet volume of SD-PCs were significantly lower than BCP-PCs. During storage, the mean platelets count of BCP-PCs was decreased significantly while that of SD-PCs nonsignificantly. The mean WBCs count and pH decreased in both BCP-PCs and SD-PCs significantly. All units in both types of PCs were sterile. Conclusion: Platelet yield was significantly better in SD-PCs, while mean WBCs contamination was significantly lower in BCP-PCs. BCP-PCs may be preferred in place of SD-PCs in case of nonavailability of apheresis, difficulty in finding a willing donor, or when the cost is of consideration.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating 18-Glycosyl Hydrolase Protein Chitiotriosidase-1 is Associated with Renal Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation in Diabetic Kidney Disease","authors":"Kuppuswami Jayashree, Gandhipuram Periyasamy Senthilkumar, Mehalingam Vadivelan, Sreejith Parameswaran","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT-1) is a marker of macrophage activation and recently attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its role in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been sparsely discussed in the recent literature. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional exploratory study, 81 participants with T2DM were classified into two groups based on the presence of DKD. Their anthropometric, biochemical, and pathological profiles were estimated. Circulatory CHIT-1 concentration was determined using the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma. Results: CHIT-1 was significantly elevated in diabetic nephropathy, independent of age and gender. It is associated with severity of kidney disease, as assessed using urinary protein-creatinine ratio (uPCR) in a multiple linear regression model, independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, and insulin resistance. CHIT-1 positively predicted the likelihood of DKD in the study population (area under the curve = 0.724, P < 0.05). The duration of diabetes correlated positively with uPCR and negatively with estimated glomerular-filtration rate. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio was elevated in participants with DKD. This well-established marker of systemic inflammation exhibited significant positive association with CHIT-1. Conclusion: Plasma CHIT-1 protein is elevated in DKD and associated with disease progression. It is capable of reflecting disease severity and is closely related to systemic inflammation possibly caused by pro-inflammatory circulatory immune cells.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Action of Natural Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors (Berberine and Mangiferin) in Experimentally Induced Diabetes with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Suman, Manjusha K Borde, Ipseeta Ray Mohanty, Hemant Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_115_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_115_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Berberine (BER) and mangiferin are known natural dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors. Hence, the study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of action of natural DPP-IV inhibitors (BER and MNG) in experimentally induced diabetes with metabolic syndrome. Aim: The aim of this study was to observe mechanism through which natural DPP-IV inhibitor works in diabetes with metabolic syndrome rat model. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed high-fat diet for 10 weeks and challenged with streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) at the 3 rd week (high-fat diabetic control [HF-DC] group). After the confirmation of metabolic syndrome in the setting of diabetes, monotherapy (metformin [MET], vildagliptin [VIL], BER, and MNG) and combination (MET + VIL, MET + BER, and MET + MNG) therapy was orally fed to these rats from the 4 th to 10 th weeks. Results: Insulin resistance (IR) was seen in the HF-DC group as indicated by raised homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in HF-DC group as compared with normal control (NC) groups. The treatment groups reduced IR as shown by a decrease in HOMA-IR as compared with HF-DC group rats. The marked reduction ( P < 0.001) of beta-cell function was observed in the HF-DC group as a reduced level of HOMA for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) was found as compared with the NC group. Increases in HOMA-β as compared to the HFDC group were observed in the therapy groups. The treatment group significantly reduced cholesterol and atherogenic index. The treatment group showed significant preservation of beta-cell mass as per immunohistochemistry and significant anti-apoptotic activity as per Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay report. The treated rats significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) marker ( P < 0.001) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. Conclusion: The natural DPP-IV inhibitors BER and MNG treatment showed beneficial effects on various components of metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Grayscale Value for Bone Density Determination in Oral Rehabilitation using Dental Implants","authors":"Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Himanshi Tomar, Ayush Dhawan, Rohit Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Quality and quantity of jaw bones have been previously classified in literature using different methods. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), successfully determine bone density of jaws. This study aims to establish the role of cone-beam CT (CBCT) in determining the density of cortical and cancellous bones at different jaw sites. Materials and Methods: Eighty-three possible implant sites in healthy patients were evaluated using NewTomGiano CBCT machine. Cross-sections were obtained and cortical and cancellous bone densities on different aspects of the virtual implant in terms of Hounsfield unit (HU) were determined using New Net Technologies software version 6.1 and were classified according to software from D1 to D4. Data were entered into SPSS software (version 19.0) and were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean HU showed the highest value for cortical and cancellous in the anterior mandible (mean HU 1874.01 and 1131.73, respectively) followed by the posterior mandible (mean HU 1789.20 and 872.95, respectively) and least in posterior maxilla (mean HU 1068.26 and 830.04, respectively). Maximum D1 bone type was found in cortical bone and D2 bone type was noted in cancellous bone area. Males showed very highly significant cortical bone thickness ( P < 0.001) whereas females showed more cancellous bone thickness but the results were nonsignificant. Conclusion: A high degree of concordance between different regions of jaw bones with a strong correlation between the four bone types was obtained. Bone density plays a pivotal role in determining the prognosis of the implant. CBCT has proven to be beneficial in bone density analysis.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benign Mesenteric Lesion Presenting with Features of a Malignant Mass","authors":"Josefina Principe, Anna Mary Jose, Santiago Niño Basto, Isabela Castañeda, Abdul Rafay Pasha","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_77_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_77_23","url":null,"abstract":"Encapsulated fat necrosis (EFN), most commonly, is an asymptomatic entity and is often found incidentally in images. However, in the abdomen, it may present as an acute abdomen. Mesenteric fat necrosis is part of a larger disease spectrum called collectively mesenteric sclerosis. It results in forming of a mass that can be confused with other pathologies such as liposarcoma, carcinoma of the cecum, and other more benign conditions such as appendagitis of the epiplon. We present the case of an 82-year-old male who presented with an asymptomatic right lower quadrant mass with concerning computed tomography findings with no previous abdominal surgery or trauma history. Diagnosing EFN is crucial as it can mimic bowel cancer and immune-related mesenteric pathology such as sclerosing mesenteritis, the management of which is far more extreme and aggressive than EFN.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One More Chance to See the World: A Rare Case Report on Sphenoid Mucocele Causing Vision Loss","authors":"Sharulatha Raguraman, Akshat Kushwaha, P. Lokesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Saxena","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_98_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_98_23","url":null,"abstract":"Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus is one of the rare diseases which an ENT surgeon can encounter in a clinical setup. It can often present as a chronic headache. It can remain undiagnosed unless a symptom due to the compression effect of the mucocele, such as diminution of vision, ophthalmoplegia, or any intracranial complication, occurs. Early diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention are imperative to prevent complications. Although late presentation can have a risk of permanent vision loss, improvement in vision postsurgery does not necessarily depend on the duration of symptoms. Here, we present a rare case scenario where, even after the delayed presentation, the patient had a significant vision improvement postsurgery.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thesis Writing: The T, H, E, S, I, S Approach – Review of the Book","authors":"V. Chauhan","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_248_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_248_22","url":null,"abstract":"After going through the book, it inspired me to write a review. The title of the book is so catchy “THESIS WRITING ‒ the T, H, E, S, I, S. Approach.” It compelled me to peep into the book and explore the acronym ‒ T: Tickling, H: Hologram, E: Expansion, S: Scenarios, I: Improvisation, and S: Summary. I found that every chapter is crafted using this philosophy. The second reason which stimulated me to go through this book is that it has been authored by well‐known medical educationists who could appreciate the real need of the PGs of this country.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"220 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription-Event Monitoring Study on Safety and Efficacy of Levonadifloxacin (Oral and I.V.) in Management of Bacterial Infections: Findings of Real-World Observational Study","authors":"Y. Mehta, Anand Sutar, K. Zirpe, J. Kothari, Chakravarthi Alapati, Manu Pathak, V. Nagvekar, Kapil D. Mehta, Khokan Debnath","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_602_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_602_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Levonadifloxacin is a novel broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the benzoquinolizine subclass of quinolones. It is available in intravenous as well as oral formulation for the treatment of infections caused by common Gram-positive bacterial pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively assessed the real-world safety and efficacy of levonadifloxacin (oral and/or IV) in the treatment of 1229 patients across various clinical conditions. Study outcomes were clinical and microbiological success at the end of therapy. Results: The mean duration of levonadifloxacin therapy was 7.2 days, with a time to clinical improvement averaging at 4 days. Three hundred and three patients received oral therapy, 875 received IV, and 51 received a combination of IV followed by oral therapy. Patients were prescribed levonadifloxacin for skin and soft-tissue infections, diabetic foot infections, septicemia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, bone and joint infections, febrile neutropenia, and respiratory infections including COVID-19 pneumonia. High clinical success rates of 98.3%, 93.7%, and 96.1% with oral, IV, and IV followed by oral levonadifloxacin, respectively, were obtained. Only 11 mild adverse events were reported in 9 patients which included constipation, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. Overall, 96.3% and 97.3% of investigators rated the efficacy and safety of levonadifloxacin as “good to excellent.” Conclusions: An excellent safety and efficacy profile of levonadifloxacin was observed in this study making it a suitable treatment option for management of various bacterial infections, including those caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens such as MRSA and quinolone-resistant S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"30 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}