{"title":"通过免疫组织化学方法将血管内皮生长因子表达作为无特殊类型浸润性乳腺癌预后的可能指标","authors":"Nugala Sindhura, Konkay Kaumudi","doi":"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_17_24","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vascular network, is essential for tumor growth and spread. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the expression of VEGF in invasive carcinoma of no special type and its correlation with all the known prognostic factors of breast carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Descriptive.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Mastectomy specimens were studied noting the clinical details. The formalin-fixed tissues were subjected to routine processing and hematoxylin and eosin sections and studied extensively for all the histological prognostic factors. Representative sections from each case with the tumor were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with VEGF, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) antibodies.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, contingency table analysis using SPSS for Windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and twelve cases of invasive carcinoma of special type were studied to evaluate various clinicopathological parameters. The association of VEGF with clinicopathological parameters and all the known prognostic factors was studied to note its significance. VEGF overexpression was observed in 69% of the cases. It was noted that larger tumor size, higher histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal involvement, tumor necrosis, high microvessel density, ER negativity, PR negativity, and HER2/neu positivity had a significant statistical association with VEGF overexpression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that incorporating VEGF as a biomarker along with the known factors into a prognostic index will not only help predict clinical outcome more accurately, but also determines the patient who can be benefited with combinational therapy including anti-VEGF factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13727,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"124-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11189271/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Immunohistochemistry as a Possible Indicator of Prognosis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type.\",\"authors\":\"Nugala Sindhura, Konkay Kaumudi\",\"doi\":\"10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_17_24\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vascular network, is essential for tumor growth and spread. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the expression of VEGF in invasive carcinoma of no special type and its correlation with all the known prognostic factors of breast carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Descriptive.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Mastectomy specimens were studied noting the clinical details. The formalin-fixed tissues were subjected to routine processing and hematoxylin and eosin sections and studied extensively for all the histological prognostic factors. Representative sections from each case with the tumor were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with VEGF, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) antibodies.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, contingency table analysis using SPSS for Windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and twelve cases of invasive carcinoma of special type were studied to evaluate various clinicopathological parameters. The association of VEGF with clinicopathological parameters and all the known prognostic factors was studied to note its significance. VEGF overexpression was observed in 69% of the cases. It was noted that larger tumor size, higher histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal involvement, tumor necrosis, high microvessel density, ER negativity, PR negativity, and HER2/neu positivity had a significant statistical association with VEGF overexpression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that incorporating VEGF as a biomarker along with the known factors into a prognostic index will not only help predict clinical outcome more accurately, but also determines the patient who can be benefited with combinational therapy including anti-VEGF factors.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13727,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research\",\"volume\":\"14 2\",\"pages\":\"124-130\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11189271/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_17_24\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/5/24 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_17_24","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/5/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：血管生成是指在原有血管网络的基础上形成新的血管，它对肿瘤的生长和扩散至关重要。血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是一种有效的血管生成生长因子。目的：评估无特殊类型浸润性癌中 VEGF 的表达及其与所有已知乳腺癌预后因素的相关性：材料与方法研究乳房切除术标本并记录临床细节。对福尔马林固定组织进行常规处理、苏木精和伊红切片，并对所有组织学预后因素进行广泛研究。每例肿瘤的代表性切片均采用血管内皮生长因子、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2/neu）抗体进行免疫组化（IHC）染色：使用 SPSS for Windows 进行描述性统计、卡方检验、或然率表分析：研究了 112 例特殊类型浸润癌，以评估各种临床病理参数。研究了血管内皮生长因子与临床病理参数和所有已知预后因素的关系，以了解其重要性。在 69% 的病例中观察到 VEGF 过度表达。研究发现，肿瘤体积较大、组织学分级较高、淋巴管侵犯、结节受累、肿瘤坏死、微血管密度高、ER阴性、PR阴性和HER2/neu阳性与VEGF过表达有显著的统计学关联：我们得出结论：将血管内皮生长因子作为生物标志物与已知因素一起纳入预后指数，不仅有助于更准确地预测临床结果，还能确定哪些患者可从包括抗血管内皮生长因子因子在内的联合疗法中获益。
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Immunohistochemistry as a Possible Indicator of Prognosis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type.
Context: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vascular network, is essential for tumor growth and spread. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor.
Aims: To assess the expression of VEGF in invasive carcinoma of no special type and its correlation with all the known prognostic factors of breast carcinoma.
Settings and design: Descriptive.
Materials and methods: Mastectomy specimens were studied noting the clinical details. The formalin-fixed tissues were subjected to routine processing and hematoxylin and eosin sections and studied extensively for all the histological prognostic factors. Representative sections from each case with the tumor were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with VEGF, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) antibodies.
Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, contingency table analysis using SPSS for Windows.
Results: One hundred and twelve cases of invasive carcinoma of special type were studied to evaluate various clinicopathological parameters. The association of VEGF with clinicopathological parameters and all the known prognostic factors was studied to note its significance. VEGF overexpression was observed in 69% of the cases. It was noted that larger tumor size, higher histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal involvement, tumor necrosis, high microvessel density, ER negativity, PR negativity, and HER2/neu positivity had a significant statistical association with VEGF overexpression.
Conclusions: We conclude that incorporating VEGF as a biomarker along with the known factors into a prognostic index will not only help predict clinical outcome more accurately, but also determines the patient who can be benefited with combinational therapy including anti-VEGF factors.
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