Innovation in Aging最新文献

{"title":"Ageing and Caring: Exploring Older Adults’ Motivation for Informal Caregiving to Other Ageing Individuals in Nigeria","authors":"Juliet Chigozie Donatus Ezulike, Shiyu Lu, Marcus Yu Lung Chiu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Because of the global population ageing, more informal carers become older adults. In Nigeria, the African country with the largest population of adults aged 60 years and older, self-construal rooted in the African collectivist philosophy generally shape informal caregiving for older adults. However, there is a general paucity of studies on older adults’ informal caregiving roles, particularly about their motivations for caregiving. This study explored older adults’ motives for informal caregiving to their care recipients in urban Southeast Nigeria.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological research design. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 purposively selected older adults aged 54-88 who were the primary carers of other older adults in the family and community. The collected data were analyzed using van Manen’s thematic analysis method, using QSR NVivo 12 software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Four main themes emerged from the participants' responses: reciprocity of kindness, altruism, a sense of moral responsibility, and eagerness for peaceful longevity. The findings generally showed that religion and culture were the latent factors ingrained in these motivations for informal caregiving.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 While the African philosophy emphasises altruism, reciprocity seems more prominent in specific traditional African communities, as observed in Southeast Nigeria. It serves as a means to prioritise family members’ needs. The findings indicate the need for the government to establish sustainable programs and policies that support older people in their caregiving role. Doing so will enable carers to derive psychosocial gains from informal caregiving and sustain the caregiving culture of Nigeria.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation by Robustness Analysis: A Bayesian Account.","authors":"Lorenzo Casini, Jürgen Landes","doi":"10.1007/s10670-022-00537-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10670-022-00537-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some authors claim that minimal models have limited epistemic value (Fumagalli, 2016; Grüne-Yanoff, 2009a). Others defend the epistemic benefits of modelling by invoking the role of robustness analysis for hypothesis confirmation (see, e.g., Levins, 1966; Kuorikoski et al., 2010) but such arguments find much resistance (see, e.g., Odenbaugh & Alexandrova, 2011). In this paper, we offer a Bayesian rationalization and defence of the view that robustness analysis can play a confirmatory role, and thereby shed light on the potential of minimal models for hypothesis confirmation. We illustrate our argument by reference to a case study from macroeconomics. At the same time, we also show that there are cases in which robustness analysis is detrimental to confirmation. We characterize these cases and link them to recent investigations on evidential variety (Landes, 2020b, 2021; Osimani and Landes, forthcoming). We conclude that robustness analysis over minimal models <i>can</i> confirm, but its confirmatory value depends on concrete circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"6 1","pages":"367-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89417348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need to Appear Healthy: Concealment of Chronic Illness, Privacy, and Self-Sufficiency Among Chronically Ill Older Nigerians","authors":"K. Mahmoud, Tamara Baker, Darlingtina K Esiaka, S. Balogun","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad141","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has highlighted the beneficial impact of social networks and social support on older adults' physical and psychosocial well-being. However, the impact of the relationship between chronic illness and social networks on the psychosocial well-being of older Nigerians remains understudied. This study explored how older Nigerians with chronic illnesses navigate the physical, mental, and emotional changes due to their chronic disease diagnosis within their social contexts. The current qualitative study used semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 purposively sampled older adults, aged 50 years and over, chronically ill, and receiving clinical care to examine the role of social networks in how chronically ill older Nigerians cope with their diagnosis. Three main themes reflecting participants’ experiences emerged from the findings: 1) closely-knit circles, 2) privacy and self-sufficiency, and 3) body image. Results show that chronically ill older Nigerians prefer to keep the knowledge of their conditions strictly within their close family circles. It was considered horrific to inform friends, community members, and religious groups about one’s chronic illness. Findings further reveal that the need to appear healthy to one’s social network stems from the fear of being discriminated against and attempts to maintain some level of normalcy when interacting with others. Additionally, feelings of inferiority and shame limited their participation in social activities and social network maintenance. We discuss the implication of the results for the mental well-being and quality of life of chronically ill older Nigerians and make recommendations for policies and resources that can improve the well-being of chronically ill Nigerians.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sad Mood Bridges Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Network Approach","authors":"Wen Zhang, Tianyin Liu, D. Leung, Stephen Chan, Gloria Wong, Terry Lum","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad139","url":null,"abstract":"Depression and cognitive impairment are common and often coexist in older adults. The network theory of mental disorders provides a novel approach to understanding the pathways between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains and the potential “bridge” that links and perpetuates both conditions. This study aimed to identify pathways and bridge symptoms between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains in older adults. Data were derived from 2792 older adults aged 60 years and older with mild and more severe depressive symptoms from the community in Hong Kong. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-min protocol (MoCA-5min). Summary descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by network estimation using graphical LASSO, community detection, centrality analysis using bridge expected influence (BEI), and network stability analyses to assess the structure of the PHQ-9 and MoCA-5min items network, the pathways and the bridge symptoms. Participants (mean age=77.3 years, SD=8.5) scored 8.2 (SD=3.4) on PHQ-9 and 20.3 (SD=5.4) on MoCA-5min. Three independent communities were identified in PHQ-9 and MoCA-5min items, suggesting that depression is not a uniform entity (two communities) and has differential connections with cognition. The network estimation results suggested that the two most prominent connections between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains were: (1) anhedonia with executive functions/language and (2) sad mood with memory. Among all depressive symptoms, sad mood had the highest BEI, bridging depressive symptoms and cognitive domains. Sad mood seems to be the pathway between depression and cognition in this sample of older Chinese. This finding highlights the importance of sad mood as a potential mechanism for the co-occurrence of depression and cognitive impairment, implying that intervention targeting sad mood might have rippling effects on cognitive health.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Standardized Questionnaire for Measuring Older Adult’s Health and Well-Being in Kenya","authors":"Samuel M Mwangi, Lucy W. Maina, Gloria Chepngeno-Langat","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad137","url":null,"abstract":"Policy and program interventions for older adults 60 years or older in Africa have consistently been undermined by a lack of vital data as they are usually excluded from nationally representative population surveys. The Health and Wellbeing of Older Persons in Kenya (HWOPs-1) study developed a standardized assessment questionnaire that can be used for periodic data generation. This paper presents how the questionnaire was developed and examines its internal consistency and psychometric properties of the health module. The development and validation of the HWOPs-1 questionnaire was a three-step process. Step one was a review of 19 panel studies and two national level surveys followed by a wide consultation with key experts and stakeholders on aging. The third step was validation of the questionnaire with a crosssection of a representative sample to test its applicability and adaptability in a mix of rural and semi-urban settings. The internal consistency and psychometric properties of the three subscales: functionality, disability, and quality of life were assessed using Cronbach’s (α) alpha and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Three subscales of functionality, disability, and quality of life showed high internal consistency with α=0.94, 0.97, and 0.87, respectively. There were also consistent factor loadings above 0.3 across all the factors. Gender differences across the three scales from the results of t-test were observed. Finally, weak but statistically significant correlations between the measures of well-being and risk factors for noncommunicable diseases were also observed from the analyses. The indicators assessed have been used in settings outside Africa to measure health and well-being of older adults are adaptable and reliable enabling comparability across space and across studies. The questionnaire provides a framework for examining disease and disability burden and their determinants among older adults in Kenya or similar settings.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goal Setting for Aging Adults and Care Partners: A Scoping Review","authors":"Kate Perepezko, Pamela Toto, Mary Hitchcock, Beth Fields","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Evidence demonstrates that goal setting and care partner support help aging adults improve their health. Less is known about how aging adults and care partners collaboratively participate in goal setting, revealing a potential gap in care delivery processes. The current review describes the scope of the literature on this topic.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A search was conducted in several relevant databases and 1,231 articles were screened for the following inclusion criteria: 1) Participants included aging adults (50+ years) and care partners, 2) Goal setting was conducted, and 3) Articles were in English.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Common goals reported by aging adults were independence, improving or maintaining functioning, addressing symptoms, and remaining socially active. Care partners listed similar goals but also identified accessing services and supports as important. The level of care partner involvement varied across articles, with some care partners serving in a supportive role, some setting goals concurrently with the aging adult, and others setting goals on behalf of the aging adult.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This review revealed concordant and discordant prioritization of goals within dyads. These findings illustrate the importance and potential complexity of including care partners in the goal setting process. We also found that collaborative goal setting and care partner directed goals are scarce, indicating the need for additional work in this area. Collaborative goal setting aligns with person and family-centered care approaches and can contribute to better care plans that meet the needs of aging adults and their care partners.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"36 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the intersectionality of place and gender among older adults in Ghana: An examination of women’s disability disadvantage","authors":"Shane D Burns, Latrica E. Best, Solomon Amoatey","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ghana’s older adult population is growing rapidly and projected to double by 2050. It is well-documented that social, health, and housing factors influence segmented aging trajectories that lead to disparate rates of disability. However, little is known how the intersection of place (i.e., urban; rural) and gender (i.e., woman; man) inform rates of disability among older Ghanaians. We seek to examine this gap in the literature through an intersectional approach.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using logistic regression with Wave 1 (2007/08) data from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana, we investigate the prevalence of reporting activities of daily living (ADL) disability among respondents ages 50+ (n=4,106). To document gender differences by place, we compute separate adjusted odds ratio models among urban and rural respondents. We also control for health, social, and housing factors that might explain gender differences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to urban men, urban women’s ADL disability disadvantage was explained by marital status, particularly widowhood. In contrast, rural women consistently reported an ADL disability disadvantage when compared to rural men. Additionally, we found that the morbidity profiles of those who reported ADL disability differed by place and that certain ADL difficulties (i.e., bed transferring; toileting) were especially common among women respondents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Women, regardless of urban or rural residence, were especially vulnerable to ADL disability. Marital status, particularly widows, explained the difference in disability risk between urban men and urban women. This finding suggests that urban women’s risk of ADL disability is attenuated during partnership. Also, we speculate that varied morbidity associations with ADL disability are due to different stressors in urban versus rural environments. These findings also generate further interest about rural women’s disability disadvantage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue: Translational Research on Pain and Pain Management in Later Life.","authors":"M Cary Reid, Karl Pillemer","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad119","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igad119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"7 10","pages":"igad119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10714899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138803941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timed Activity to Minimize Sleep Disturbance in People With Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Nancy A Hodgson, Miranda V McPhillips, Darina V Petrovsky, Adriana Perez, Sonia Talwar, Nalaka Gooneratne, Barbara Riegel, Subhash Aryal, Laura N Gitlin","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igad132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Sleep disturbances occur in >60% of persons living with cognitive impairment, affecting their quality of life (QOL). Regulating the sleep-wake cycle through engaging cognitive, physical, and sensory-based activities delivered at strategic times may reduce sleep disturbances and be a feasible nonpharmacological treatment for sleep problems. The objective of this trial was to test the efficacy of a timed-activity intervention in improving QOL and sleep disturbances in persons living with cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Research design and method: </strong>Randomized 2-group parallel design involving 209 dyads of community-residing persons living with cognitive impairment and care partners. Dyads were randomly assigned (1:1) to 1-hr home activity sessions administered weekly in the morning, afternoon, or evening over 4 weeks (the Healthy Patterns Sleep Program), or to an attention-control condition consisting of sleep hygiene training plus education on home safety and health promotion. QOL, objective and subjective sleep quality, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QOL was significantly improved in the intervention group compared to control (<i>p</i> = .0491). There were no significant effects on objective or subjective sleep or neuropsychiatric symptoms. In a subgroup analysis, subjective sleep as measured by the PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) Sleep-Related Impairment survey was significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group for individuals with symptoms of depression (<i>p</i> = .015) or poor observed sleep at baseline (<i>p</i> = .005).</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The Healthy Patterns Intervention may benefit QOL for persons living with cognitive impairment and those with poor subjective sleep. A longer dose may be necessary to elicit improvement in actigraphically measured sleep-wake activity.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>NCT0368218 5.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 1","pages":"igad132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10790812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SKELETAL MUSCLE ENERGETICS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PERFORMANCE FATIGABILITY","authors":"Y. Qiao, Adam J Santanasto, Peggy Cawthon, D. Forman, S. Kritchevsky, Barb Nicklas, A. Newman, Nancy Glynn","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad104.2083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Performance fatigability manifests as insufficient energy to complete daily physical tasks and worsens with aging, exacerbating vulnerability to disability. Skeletal muscle energetics also declines with aging. Thus, we hypothesized muscle energetics may be an important contributor to performance fatigability. In the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA), participants completed a usual-paced 400m walk while wearing a wrist-worn ActiGraph, from which raw data were used to derive the Pittsburgh Performance Fatigability Index (PPFI, higher=more severe fatigability) that quantifies percent decline in the entire individual cadence-versus-time trajectory. Maximal oxidative phosphorylation (maxOXPHOS) in skeletal muscle mitochondria was quantified in vitro using high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized fiber bundles from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Maximal adenosine triphosphate production (ATPmax) was assessed in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conducted separate tobit regressions to examine associations of maxOXPHOS and ATPmax with PPFI, adjusting for technician/site, age, sex, race, height, weight, and mins/day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity measured by ActiGraph in free-living, in N=795 participants with complete PPFI scores and >1 energetics measure (70-94 yrs, 58% women). Median PPFI scores were 1.4% [IQR: 0-2.9%]. After adjustment, each SD (18.4 pmol/(s*mg)) lower maxOXPHOS was associated with 0.55% (95% CI: 0.26, 0.85) higher PPFI scores, while each SD (0.2 mM/sec) lower ATPmax was associated with 0.54% (95% CI: 0.27, 0.81) higher PPFI scores. Our results indicate that lower skeletal muscle energetics were associated with more severe performance fatigability. This suggests that therapeutics targeting muscle energetics may thereby potentially mitigate fatigability and lessen susceptibility to disability among older adults.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"307 1","pages":"639 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}