{"title":"Social Network Types and Self-Rated Health Among Diverse Older Adults: Stability, Transitions, and Implications for Health Equity.","authors":"Lissette M Piedra, James Iveniuk","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igaf025","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study explores how social networks among older adults evolve over time and their impact on self-rated health (SRH), emphasizing differences across ethnoracial and linguistic groups. Though the link between social networks and well-being is well-known, how these networks change and affect health remains less understood.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>The study examined changes in social network types across 3 rounds of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. The initial sample included 3 005 individuals, which decreased to 1 592 by the final follow-up. We analyzed data from participants in every round, totaling 6 858 observations, using Random-Intercept Latent Transition Analysis. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to predict network membership and transitions and to assess correlations with SRH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 3 distinct social network types: \"Enriched,\" \"Focused,\" and \"Restricted.\" \"Enriched\" networks feature broad connections, high marriage rates, active engagement, and low loneliness. \"Focused\" networks involve small, close-knit groups with frequent interactions, moderate marriage rates, and low loneliness. \"Restricted\" networks are family-oriented, with low marriage rates and the highest loneliness levels. Over time, \"Restricted\" networks became more prevalent, whereas \"Focus\" networks showed the most mobility. Network type membership varied significantly by ethnoracial identity and gender, with Black, Hispanic, and female respondents less likely to belong to \"Enriched\" networks. Membership in \"Enriched\" networks was linked to better SRH scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The growth of \"Restricted\" networks over time raises concerns about older adults becoming confined to limited social environments. However, there is a silver lining: within the \"Focused\" group, more individuals transition to \"Enriched\" networks than to \"Restricted\" ones, indicating that older adults can expand their social connections as they age. Understanding the factors driving this shift can guide interventions to promote network expansion for vulnerable groups, enhancing social well-being, and mitigating the risks associated with restricted networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"9 6","pages":"igaf025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188437/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Innovation in Aging","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf025","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study explores how social networks among older adults evolve over time and their impact on self-rated health (SRH), emphasizing differences across ethnoracial and linguistic groups. Though the link between social networks and well-being is well-known, how these networks change and affect health remains less understood.
Research design and methods: The study examined changes in social network types across 3 rounds of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. The initial sample included 3 005 individuals, which decreased to 1 592 by the final follow-up. We analyzed data from participants in every round, totaling 6 858 observations, using Random-Intercept Latent Transition Analysis. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to predict network membership and transitions and to assess correlations with SRH.
Results: We identified 3 distinct social network types: "Enriched," "Focused," and "Restricted." "Enriched" networks feature broad connections, high marriage rates, active engagement, and low loneliness. "Focused" networks involve small, close-knit groups with frequent interactions, moderate marriage rates, and low loneliness. "Restricted" networks are family-oriented, with low marriage rates and the highest loneliness levels. Over time, "Restricted" networks became more prevalent, whereas "Focus" networks showed the most mobility. Network type membership varied significantly by ethnoracial identity and gender, with Black, Hispanic, and female respondents less likely to belong to "Enriched" networks. Membership in "Enriched" networks was linked to better SRH scores.
Discussion and implications: The growth of "Restricted" networks over time raises concerns about older adults becoming confined to limited social environments. However, there is a silver lining: within the "Focused" group, more individuals transition to "Enriched" networks than to "Restricted" ones, indicating that older adults can expand their social connections as they age. Understanding the factors driving this shift can guide interventions to promote network expansion for vulnerable groups, enhancing social well-being, and mitigating the risks associated with restricted networks.
期刊介绍:
Innovation in Aging, an interdisciplinary Open Access journal of the Gerontological Society of America (GSA), is dedicated to publishing innovative, conceptually robust, and methodologically rigorous research focused on aging and the life course. The journal aims to present studies with the potential to significantly enhance the health, functionality, and overall well-being of older adults by translating scientific insights into practical applications. Research published in the journal spans a variety of settings, including community, clinical, and laboratory contexts, with a clear emphasis on issues that are directly pertinent to aging and the dynamics of life over time. The content of the journal mirrors the diverse research interests of GSA members and encompasses a range of study types. These include the validation of new conceptual or theoretical models, assessments of factors impacting the health and well-being of older adults, evaluations of interventions and policies, the implementation of groundbreaking research methodologies, interdisciplinary research that adapts concepts and methods from other fields to aging studies, and the use of modeling and simulations to understand factors and processes influencing aging outcomes. The journal welcomes contributions from scholars across various disciplines, such as technology, engineering, architecture, economics, business, law, political science, public policy, education, public health, social and psychological sciences, biomedical and health sciences, and the humanities and arts, reflecting a holistic approach to advancing knowledge in gerontology.