Innovation in Aging最新文献

{"title":"Can Social Mobility Impact Frailty Trajectories of Chinese Adults in Later Life? A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Yujia Guo, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Evidence remains unclear on the impact of life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) mobility on frailty trajectories in later life. We aim to examine the longitudinal effects of social mobility on frailty trajectories among Chinese middle-aged and older populations.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A total of 13 239 participants aged 45 and older from the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. Based on changes in SEP from childhood to adulthood, 5 patterns of social mobility were established. A 32-item deficit cumulative frailty index (FI) was developed to evaluate frailty trajectories at each follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the longitudinal association of the 5 social mobility patterns with the frailty trajectory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trajectory of late-life FI increased across all 5 social mobility groups during the follow-up. The FI trajectory had the largest disparity between stable high SEP and stable low SEP, with a faster increase in FI of 0.489 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.327-0.650, <i>p</i> < .001) in the stable low versus stable high SEP group. The FI trajectories of individuals in the upward and downward mobility groups fall between those in the stable high SEP and low SEP groups. Specifically, compared to the stable high SEP group, the increase in FI was 0.229 (95% CI: 0.098-0.360, <i>p</i> = .001) faster in the downward mobility group, and 0.145 (95% CI: 0.017-0.273, <i>p</i> = .03) faster in the upward mobility group. The impact of social mobility on frailty trajectories was more pronounced among middle-aged adults and women.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>These findings emphasize that policies to identify vulnerable populations and reduce frailty inequalities should focus on the socioeconomic environment across the life course, with particular attention paid to those with consistently low SEP and downward mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 2","pages":"igae003"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defective assistive device involvement in older adult Emergency Department visits","authors":"Felipe Restrepo, Namrata Mali, Laura P Sands, Alan S. Abrahams, David M Goldberg, Richard Gruss, Nohel Zaman, Wendy Shields, Elise Omaki, Johnathon Ehsani, P. Ractham, L. Kaewkitipong","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Many older adults adopt equipment to address physical limitations and reduce dependence on others to complete basic activities of daily living. Although a few prior studies have considered injuries associated with assistive devices for older adults, those studies focused on older adults’ health and functional risks for injury. There is limited analysis of older adult injuries involving defective or malfunctioning assistive devices.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data from this study are from the National Electronic Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS) which collected data on consumer product related injuries from a probability sample of 66 hospital Emergency Departments across the United States. Data from 30,776 older adult Emergency Department injury narratives from 2016 – 2020 were coded according to assistive device involved and whether malfunctioning led to injury. The study team manually examined all narratives in which the assistive device was coded to have malfunctioned.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 10,974 older adult Emergency Department cases were treated for 12,488 injuries involving a defective device. Injuries included 4,212 head and neck injuries (e.g., concussion), 4,317 trunk injuries (e.g., hip fractures), and 3,959 arm or leg injuries (e.g., leg fracture). Of these patients, 4,586 were admitted to a hospital ward for further evaluation and treatment. Seventy percent of these patients were injured while using a walker; in contrast wheelchairs were implicated in only four percent of the above cases. Design flaws were identified in 8,158 cases and part breakage/decoupling incidents in 2,816 cases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our findings provide evidence that assistive devices are actively involved in older adult injuries. Further research is needed to reduce injuries associated with assistive devices by educating patients and their care providers about device use and assembly and developing effective methods for informing manufacturers about malfunctioning devices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"51 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing and Caring: Exploring Older Adults’ Motivation for Informal Caregiving to Other Ageing Individuals in Nigeria","authors":"Juliet Chigozie Donatus Ezulike, Shiyu Lu, Marcus Yu Lung Chiu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Because of the global population ageing, more informal carers become older adults. In Nigeria, the African country with the largest population of adults aged 60 years and older, self-construal rooted in the African collectivist philosophy generally shape informal caregiving for older adults. However, there is a general paucity of studies on older adults’ informal caregiving roles, particularly about their motivations for caregiving. This study explored older adults’ motives for informal caregiving to their care recipients in urban Southeast Nigeria.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological research design. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 purposively selected older adults aged 54-88 who were the primary carers of other older adults in the family and community. The collected data were analyzed using van Manen’s thematic analysis method, using QSR NVivo 12 software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Four main themes emerged from the participants' responses: reciprocity of kindness, altruism, a sense of moral responsibility, and eagerness for peaceful longevity. The findings generally showed that religion and culture were the latent factors ingrained in these motivations for informal caregiving.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 While the African philosophy emphasises altruism, reciprocity seems more prominent in specific traditional African communities, as observed in Southeast Nigeria. It serves as a means to prioritise family members’ needs. The findings indicate the need for the government to establish sustainable programs and policies that support older people in their caregiving role. Doing so will enable carers to derive psychosocial gains from informal caregiving and sustain the caregiving culture of Nigeria.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation by Robustness Analysis: A Bayesian Account.","authors":"Lorenzo Casini, Jürgen Landes","doi":"10.1007/s10670-022-00537-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10670-022-00537-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some authors claim that minimal models have limited epistemic value (Fumagalli, 2016; Grüne-Yanoff, 2009a). Others defend the epistemic benefits of modelling by invoking the role of robustness analysis for hypothesis confirmation (see, e.g., Levins, 1966; Kuorikoski et al., 2010) but such arguments find much resistance (see, e.g., Odenbaugh & Alexandrova, 2011). In this paper, we offer a Bayesian rationalization and defence of the view that robustness analysis can play a confirmatory role, and thereby shed light on the potential of minimal models for hypothesis confirmation. We illustrate our argument by reference to a case study from macroeconomics. At the same time, we also show that there are cases in which robustness analysis is detrimental to confirmation. We characterize these cases and link them to recent investigations on evidential variety (Landes, 2020b, 2021; Osimani and Landes, forthcoming). We conclude that robustness analysis over minimal models <i>can</i> confirm, but its confirmatory value depends on concrete circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"6 1","pages":"367-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10827917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89417348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need to Appear Healthy: Concealment of Chronic Illness, Privacy, and Self-Sufficiency Among Chronically Ill Older Nigerians","authors":"K. Mahmoud, Tamara Baker, Darlingtina K Esiaka, S. Balogun","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad141","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has highlighted the beneficial impact of social networks and social support on older adults' physical and psychosocial well-being. However, the impact of the relationship between chronic illness and social networks on the psychosocial well-being of older Nigerians remains understudied. This study explored how older Nigerians with chronic illnesses navigate the physical, mental, and emotional changes due to their chronic disease diagnosis within their social contexts. The current qualitative study used semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 purposively sampled older adults, aged 50 years and over, chronically ill, and receiving clinical care to examine the role of social networks in how chronically ill older Nigerians cope with their diagnosis. Three main themes reflecting participants’ experiences emerged from the findings: 1) closely-knit circles, 2) privacy and self-sufficiency, and 3) body image. Results show that chronically ill older Nigerians prefer to keep the knowledge of their conditions strictly within their close family circles. It was considered horrific to inform friends, community members, and religious groups about one’s chronic illness. Findings further reveal that the need to appear healthy to one’s social network stems from the fear of being discriminated against and attempts to maintain some level of normalcy when interacting with others. Additionally, feelings of inferiority and shame limited their participation in social activities and social network maintenance. We discuss the implication of the results for the mental well-being and quality of life of chronically ill older Nigerians and make recommendations for policies and resources that can improve the well-being of chronically ill Nigerians.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sad Mood Bridges Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Network Approach","authors":"Wen Zhang, Tianyin Liu, D. Leung, Stephen Chan, Gloria Wong, Terry Lum","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad139","url":null,"abstract":"Depression and cognitive impairment are common and often coexist in older adults. The network theory of mental disorders provides a novel approach to understanding the pathways between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains and the potential “bridge” that links and perpetuates both conditions. This study aimed to identify pathways and bridge symptoms between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains in older adults. Data were derived from 2792 older adults aged 60 years and older with mild and more severe depressive symptoms from the community in Hong Kong. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-min protocol (MoCA-5min). Summary descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by network estimation using graphical LASSO, community detection, centrality analysis using bridge expected influence (BEI), and network stability analyses to assess the structure of the PHQ-9 and MoCA-5min items network, the pathways and the bridge symptoms. Participants (mean age=77.3 years, SD=8.5) scored 8.2 (SD=3.4) on PHQ-9 and 20.3 (SD=5.4) on MoCA-5min. Three independent communities were identified in PHQ-9 and MoCA-5min items, suggesting that depression is not a uniform entity (two communities) and has differential connections with cognition. The network estimation results suggested that the two most prominent connections between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains were: (1) anhedonia with executive functions/language and (2) sad mood with memory. Among all depressive symptoms, sad mood had the highest BEI, bridging depressive symptoms and cognitive domains. Sad mood seems to be the pathway between depression and cognition in this sample of older Chinese. This finding highlights the importance of sad mood as a potential mechanism for the co-occurrence of depression and cognitive impairment, implying that intervention targeting sad mood might have rippling effects on cognitive health.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Standardized Questionnaire for Measuring Older Adult’s Health and Well-Being in Kenya","authors":"Samuel M Mwangi, Lucy W. Maina, Gloria Chepngeno-Langat","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad137","url":null,"abstract":"Policy and program interventions for older adults 60 years or older in Africa have consistently been undermined by a lack of vital data as they are usually excluded from nationally representative population surveys. The Health and Wellbeing of Older Persons in Kenya (HWOPs-1) study developed a standardized assessment questionnaire that can be used for periodic data generation. This paper presents how the questionnaire was developed and examines its internal consistency and psychometric properties of the health module. The development and validation of the HWOPs-1 questionnaire was a three-step process. Step one was a review of 19 panel studies and two national level surveys followed by a wide consultation with key experts and stakeholders on aging. The third step was validation of the questionnaire with a crosssection of a representative sample to test its applicability and adaptability in a mix of rural and semi-urban settings. The internal consistency and psychometric properties of the three subscales: functionality, disability, and quality of life were assessed using Cronbach’s (α) alpha and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Three subscales of functionality, disability, and quality of life showed high internal consistency with α=0.94, 0.97, and 0.87, respectively. There were also consistent factor loadings above 0.3 across all the factors. Gender differences across the three scales from the results of t-test were observed. Finally, weak but statistically significant correlations between the measures of well-being and risk factors for noncommunicable diseases were also observed from the analyses. The indicators assessed have been used in settings outside Africa to measure health and well-being of older adults are adaptable and reliable enabling comparability across space and across studies. The questionnaire provides a framework for examining disease and disability burden and their determinants among older adults in Kenya or similar settings.","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goal Setting for Aging Adults and Care Partners: A Scoping Review","authors":"Kate Perepezko, Pamela Toto, Mary Hitchcock, Beth Fields","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad135","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Evidence demonstrates that goal setting and care partner support help aging adults improve their health. Less is known about how aging adults and care partners collaboratively participate in goal setting, revealing a potential gap in care delivery processes. The current review describes the scope of the literature on this topic.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A search was conducted in several relevant databases and 1,231 articles were screened for the following inclusion criteria: 1) Participants included aging adults (50+ years) and care partners, 2) Goal setting was conducted, and 3) Articles were in English.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Common goals reported by aging adults were independence, improving or maintaining functioning, addressing symptoms, and remaining socially active. Care partners listed similar goals but also identified accessing services and supports as important. The level of care partner involvement varied across articles, with some care partners serving in a supportive role, some setting goals concurrently with the aging adult, and others setting goals on behalf of the aging adult.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This review revealed concordant and discordant prioritization of goals within dyads. These findings illustrate the importance and potential complexity of including care partners in the goal setting process. We also found that collaborative goal setting and care partner directed goals are scarce, indicating the need for additional work in this area. Collaborative goal setting aligns with person and family-centered care approaches and can contribute to better care plans that meet the needs of aging adults and their care partners.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"36 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the intersectionality of place and gender among older adults in Ghana: An examination of women’s disability disadvantage","authors":"Shane D Burns, Latrica E. Best, Solomon Amoatey","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ghana’s older adult population is growing rapidly and projected to double by 2050. It is well-documented that social, health, and housing factors influence segmented aging trajectories that lead to disparate rates of disability. However, little is known how the intersection of place (i.e., urban; rural) and gender (i.e., woman; man) inform rates of disability among older Ghanaians. We seek to examine this gap in the literature through an intersectional approach.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using logistic regression with Wave 1 (2007/08) data from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana, we investigate the prevalence of reporting activities of daily living (ADL) disability among respondents ages 50+ (n=4,106). To document gender differences by place, we compute separate adjusted odds ratio models among urban and rural respondents. We also control for health, social, and housing factors that might explain gender differences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Compared to urban men, urban women’s ADL disability disadvantage was explained by marital status, particularly widowhood. In contrast, rural women consistently reported an ADL disability disadvantage when compared to rural men. Additionally, we found that the morbidity profiles of those who reported ADL disability differed by place and that certain ADL difficulties (i.e., bed transferring; toileting) were especially common among women respondents.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Women, regardless of urban or rural residence, were especially vulnerable to ADL disability. Marital status, particularly widows, explained the difference in disability risk between urban men and urban women. This finding suggests that urban women’s risk of ADL disability is attenuated during partnership. Also, we speculate that varied morbidity associations with ADL disability are due to different stressors in urban versus rural environments. These findings also generate further interest about rural women’s disability disadvantage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue: Translational Research on Pain and Pain Management in Later Life.","authors":"M Cary Reid, Karl Pillemer","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igad119","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igad119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"7 10","pages":"igad119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10714899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138803941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}