Innovation in Aging最新文献

{"title":"Loneliness, boredom, and leisure in later life: associations with well-being.","authors":"Megan C Janke, Jaesung An, Laura L Payne, Liyuan Guo","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The prevalence of both loneliness and boredom among older adults is high, and a significant association between these constructs has been identified. In this study, we investigate whether engagement in leisure activities moderates the relationship between boredom, loneliness, and emotional well-being in older adults.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We used data from the 2022 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (<i>N </i>= 551, age 50+). Leisure was assessed in terms of overall leisure repertoire (e.g., number of leisure activities), engagement frequency, and 7 types/categories of leisure. Correlations and linear regression models were used to examine associations and test for direct and moderating effects of the variables of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings demonstrated that boredom and loneliness both independently and interactively predicted lower positive affect and higher negative affect, underscoring their amplifying and compensatory roles. In contrast, frequent participation in leisure activities-particularly hobbies, volunteering, and involvement in community organizations-emerged as significant predictors of positive affect, while having a larger leisure repertoire conferred limited benefit. Notably, findings suggest that engagement quality and activity frequency were more salient for well-being than the breadth of leisure interests.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The findings highlight the complex mechanisms by which leisure participation may mitigate the adverse effects of boredom and loneliness, with implications for the design of leisure education programs and community interventions targeting psychological well-being among aging populations. Promoting meaningful, regular leisure participation is recommended to enhance emotional health and reduce social isolation and loneliness in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 6","pages":"igag024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of older adult physical activity participation that matter to health care professionals.","authors":"Peter J Young, Dawn C Mackey","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>There is extensive heterogeneity in outcome domain selection and reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity interventions for older adults. Physical activity researchers need a core outcome set that recommends a minimum set of outcome domains to measure consistently, guided by input from health care professionals to ensure clinical relevance. This study aimed to identify the outcome domains related to older adults' physical activity participation that are most important to health care professionals.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Health care professionals completed an online survey in which they rated the importance of measuring 24 candidate outcome domains in future RCTs of physical activity interventions for older adults and ranked their top four.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>225 health care professionals participated (72% female; mean [SD] age, 37.8 [11.2] years; 21 general practitioners, 99 physiotherapists, and 105 kinesiologists). The 5 outcome domains most frequently rated as \"highly important\" (6-7 of 7) were Falls (92.0%), Quality of Life (91.5%), Independence (87.9%), Balance (84.4%), and Mobility (82.7%). The 5 outcome domains that most frequently appeared in participants' top 4 importance rankings were Quality of Life (67.1%), Independence (50.2%), Risk and Management of Chronic Disease (40.2%), Mobility (33.3%), and Falls (32.9%).</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Health care professionals prioritized Quality of Life, Independence, Falls, and Mobility as key outcome domains to measure in RCTs of physical activity interventions for older adults. These results will help align research with clinical priorities, support physical activity promotion, and guide the development of a core outcome set.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 5","pages":"igag020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual screening in an orthogeriatric rehabilitation setting: a feasibility evaluation.","authors":"Martin Chi Kit Yan, Siraj Farid, Jay Chillala, Robert A Harper","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Vision loss is a significant risk factor for falls. Given the associated morbidity and mortality, proactive risk-reduction strategies are warranted. This evaluation aimed to assess the feasibility and potential clinical value of bedside visual screening in an orthogeriatric rehabilitation setting and to estimate the proportion of previously unrecognized visual deficits among older inpatients admitted following a fall.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In this prospective, single-center feasibility evaluation, 21 patients aged ≥65 years admitted post-falls were assessed. Eligible participants scored >6 on the Abbreviated Mental Test Score. Bedside assessments included unaided vision, visual acuity (VA), low-contrast VA, and visual fields using Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) charts and the Melbourne Rapid Fields web-based platform. Ocular history and participant feedback on the screening experience were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unaided vision or habitual VA worse than 0.3 LogMAR (<6/12 Snellen equivalent) in at least one eye was observed in 67% of participants; 88% showed impaired low-contrast VA. Only 33% had been examined by a primary care optometrist in the year preceding admission. A proportion of deficits were potentially modifiable. Screening was well tolerated, with participants reporting a good understanding of the procedures.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Bedside visual screening by trained non-ophthalmic specialists is feasible and potentially clinically informative in the orthogeriatric setting. The high proportion of undetected visual deficits suggests missed opportunities for falls prevention. Routine standardized visual assessments may enable timely referrals, improve visual outcomes, and reduce falls-related morbidity in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 5","pages":"igag022"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing virtual reality training for person-centered communication in dementia care: a longitudinal qualitative study.","authors":"Marie Y Savundranayagam, Annette Schumann, Grace Norris, Jennifer L Campos, Joseph B Orange","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Be EPIC-VR, developed to improve dementia care by teaching person-centered communication skills through virtual reality (VR) simulation training, integrates conversational artificial intelligence and structured feedback. Although VR training offers unique immersive learning experiences, implementing it to train care providers in long-term and home care settings remains challenging. This study aimed to examine factors influencing the implementation of Be EPIC-VR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal qualitative study was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Eight managers from 4 care organizations participated in semi-structured interviews pre-implementation, 2 weeks post-implementation, and 5 months post-implementation. Data were analyzed using the framework method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes emerged across time points: (1) a strong perceived need for dementia-specific person-centered communication training, indicating an urgency for change; (2) Be EPIC-VR's alignment with organizational values around person-centered and learning-centered care fostered engagement and sustained commitment; and (3) openness to VR training increased over time as managers observed implementation-relevant signals of feasibility and fit. Initial concerns about technology, staffing, and workflow integration diminished through experience and facilitator support. Managers developed tailored strategies such as phased rollouts, peer champions, and timing training to mesh with operational needs.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Successful implementation and early sustainment planning required aligning Be EPIC-VR with organizational goals and workforce priorities. Experiencing Be EPIC-VR helped ease managers' concerns about staffing, technology, and compatibility with workflows and organizational values. Findings highlight the value of longitudinal qualitative inquiry and working collaboratively with managers to inform integration of VR-based training in dementia care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 5","pages":"igag021"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a police safeguarding program on reducing dementia-related missing incidents in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Sol Morrissey, Stuart King, Ben Au-Yeung, Michael Hornberger","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igaf132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igaf132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>People living with dementia are at increased risk of missing episodes, which can have serious safety consequences for the individual as well as increasing burden for families, emergency services, and care services. A UK police safeguarding scheme was developed in response to reduce the risk of missing incidents through proactive risk management and early intervention. This study evaluates whether the safeguarding scheme effectively reduces the risk of missing incidents for individuals taking part in the scheme.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a police database of 846 individuals living with dementia taking part in the safeguarding scheme. Descriptive statistics and proportion comparisons were used to evaluate changes in missing incident characteristics before and after joining the scheme, stratified by risk level and dementia subtype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that there were fewer missing incidents and fewer individuals with a recorded missing episode after joining the safeguarding scheme. Individuals with first missing incidents occurring after joining the scheme were found significantly faster (2.73 hours) than those with a first incident occurring before joining the scheme (5.39 hours). Among those identified as high-risk-individuals with a previous missing incident-81.21% did not go missing again after participating in the scheme. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease were more likely to go missing after taking part in the safeguarding scheme than those with vascular dementia. While individuals with a history of missing incidents remained at higher risk, the majority did not go missing again after joining the scheme.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Overall, the safeguarding scheme was effective in reducing the rate of missing incidents among people with dementia. These findings promote the proactive use of police safeguarding programs and suggest that widespread implementation could improve safety and independence for people living with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 3","pages":"igaf132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of care coordination versus social visitation with long-term care facility residents.","authors":"Caroline Collins-Pisano, Rachel Weiskittle","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igaf125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igaf125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Most studies to date have assessed visitation between family and residents via the overall frequency of in-person visits. This approach fails to account for 2 different types of involvement included in visitation: care coordination and social visitation. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers of care coordination distinct from social visitation with a specific focus on long-term care (LTC) site characteristics and resident functionality.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>One hundred and seventy-five adult participants in the United States with a close friend or relative residing in a LTC facility completed an online survey regarding their care coordination and social visitation in LTC facilities, LTC facility characteristics, and residents' functionality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Shorter travel time and visitors' experiences communicating with the resident (e.g., comfort, frustration) emerged as the strongest predictors of both care coordination involvement and social visitation. Both greater comfort communicating with the resident and greater frustration predicted greater care coordination involvement, whereas only comfort communicating with the resident predicted social visitation. Resident length of stay, type of LTC facility, and resident communication factors (e.g., verbal abilities, recognition of visitors) were not significant predictors of care coordination involvement nor social visitation.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Logistical barriers and visitors' emotional experiences when communicating with residents may have a stronger influence on visitor engagement compared to resident's functional abilities and LTC facility characteristics. Interventions targeting the identified facilitators of visitation may help to facilitate and support family involvement with residents of LTC facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 3","pages":"igaf125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lost before forgetting: objective driving metrics track navigation deficits tied to preclinical Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Yiqi Zhu, Ramkrishna K Singh, Semere Bekena, David C Brown, Chen Chen, Matthew Blake, Jean-François Trani, Ganesh M Babulal","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Navigation is a complex, multisensory process in which subtle changes may emerge before the onset of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether navigation abilities were associated with amyloid and tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Among 285 cognitively unimpaired older adults, navigation and objective driving behaviors were assessed using the self-reported Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD) and a datalogger, respectively. Amyloid and tau burden were quantified using PET-MRI 2 years post-initial driving data collection. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the associations between biomarker status and longitudinal navigation changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, there were no significant differences in SBSOD, trip chaining, or entropy, a metric that quantifies the variability in one's driving patterns based on PET biomarker status. Over 6.1 years (<i>SD</i> = 3.3), compared to amyloid- participants, amyloid+ participants experienced faster declines in SBSOD and entropy and increases in trip chain counts and percentages of chained trips/distances, indicating more deliberate compensatory planning for subtle deficits. Conversely, tau+ participants exhibited slower declines in SBSOD and greater increases in driving unpredictability (i.e., higher entropy, greater percentages of chained trips/distances) across 5.6 years (<i>SD</i> = 2.9), but not in total trip counts compared to tau- participants.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Changes in navigation may reflect the accumulation of amyloid (compensatory planning) and tau (diminished planning, increased randomness) in distinct brain regions. These findings highlight the promise of driving and navigation metrics as sensitive, noninvasive markers of preclinical AD, underscoring a critical window for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 5","pages":"igag013"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13099406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking health-related behaviors to quality of life in older adults: a latent class analysis.","authors":"Richard Felsinger, Judit Simon, Gerald Haidinger, Michael Weber, Susanne Mayer","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Life expectancy and healthy life years diverge considerably in Austria, and variation in quality of life (QoL) among older people cannot be fully explained by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. We aimed to identify groups of older adults with underlying behavioral and attitudinal patterns and their associations with QoL.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Latent class analysis was performed on cross-sectional data, including QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) from the 2019 Austrian Health Interview Survey (3,995 individuals aged 65+) to identify stable patterns of health behaviors associated with QoL. Variables included lifestyle factors and healthcare use. Class differences were assessed with logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct health behavioral classes emerged. Compared with the classes \"healthy-consistent-positive\" (18%; healthy lifestyle, consistent preventive behavior, positive health system attitudes) and \"healthy-inconsistent-positive\" (25%; healthy lifestyle, inconsistent preventive behavior, lowest vaccination probabilities, positive health system attitudes), both the class with an unhealthy lifestyle, inconsistent preventive behavior and negative health system attitudes (\"unhealthy-inconsistent-negative\"; 17%) and the class representing a moderately healthy lifestyle with low physical activities, lower prevention but positive health system attitudes (\"moderately healthy-moderately consistent-positive\"; 41%) were associated with worse QoL in all domains. Classes also differed in sociodemographic characteristics and activity limitations.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Most older Austrian adults were predicted to be in classes with suboptimal health behaviors associated with lower QoL. Interventions should reflect the specific characteristics of these disadvantaged groups. To reach the healthy-inconsistent-positive class, vaccination programs should target younger, healthy-living older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 5","pages":"igag017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What constitutes good care in the context of depopulating rural Korea? Perspectives of village care managers amid digital transitions.","authors":"Jane Park, Soong-Nang Jang, Jongnam Hwang","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Korea is undergoing one of the fastest demographic transitions among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with rural communities experiencing the sharpest consequences of aging and depopulation. In these areas, older adults face multiple disadvantages, including social isolation, limited income and education, and restricted access to health and welfare services. In response, national policies have promoted smart care technologies-sensors, monitoring devices, and AI-based services-as part of community-based integrated care. Although these technologies are expected to reduce service gaps, less attention has been paid to how frontline providers understand what constitutes \"good care\" in this context.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Our study examined the perspectives of village care managers, who coordinate health, welfare, and smart care resources in rural communities. Sixteen managers involved in a pilot smart integrated care project in Jeongeup, Jeonbuk-do, were interviewed through semi-structured, in-depth interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings suggest that good care cannot be solely achieved through technological monitoring or efficiency. It still requires relational qualities-sincerity, respect, and social connection-combined with professional competence and coordination across fragmented services. Participants highlighted that smart technologies may support safety and access but cannot substitute for human interaction, local collaboration, and skilled guidance in bridging digital divides.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>By foregrounding providers' perspectives, this study adds to ongoing debates about the meaning of good care in digitally integrated rural care settings. Smart technologies can support safety and access, but their value depends on how they are embedded in practices of empathy, respect, professional guidance, and community collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 4","pages":"igag018"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-task, dual-task, and community gait speeds of older adults in Singapore: their associations with frailty, cognition, and age-friendly cities.","authors":"Sapphire H Lin, Nicole Yong Ting Leung, Silvana Choo, Fang Zhao, Yong Hao Pua, Yee Sien Ng","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Gait speed (GS) is a powerful measure of older adult health and mobility. Although laboratory GS is easy to obtain through clinical tests, it only reflects capacity and not actual performance. Conversely, community GS is challenging to obtain but holds ecological relevance for health-related policy and applications. This study investigates the relationship between single-task and dual-task laboratory GSs and community GS and further tests their comparative relationships with physical and cognitive health.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥50 years (<i>N </i>= 1025) took part in this study. Laboratory GS tests were conducted under controlled settings with the 10-m GS assessment, with and without simultaneous cognitive load, whereas community GSs were computed from walking trips recorded in a 14-day travel diary on a geospatial tracking mobile application. Statistical analyses included the paired sample test, partial correlations, and multi-level linear regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings show that although the two laboratory GSs were significantly correlated with community GS, the single-task GS had significantly stronger associations. At the same time, each laboratory test has distinct functions, with single-task GS showing significant association with physical frailty, and dual-task GS, with cognitive impairment. Community GS remains crucial for urban planning of accessibility to transport and services.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>We conclude that despite being significantly correlated, all three GSs serve distinct purposes and should be used in the right context to optimize impact and application-community GS for policy making, single-task GS for frailty assessments, and dual-task GS for cognitive assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 5","pages":"igag019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147672767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}