Innovation in Aging最新文献

{"title":"A Polysocial Approach in Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Dementia and Cognitive Decline Among U.S. Older Adults: Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Yongjing Ping, Michelle C Odden, Xi Chen, Matthew Prina, Hanzhang Xu, Hao Xiang, Chenkai Wu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The racial or ethnic disparity in the burden of dementia exists among older adults in the United States, whereas gaps remain in understanding the synergic effect of multiple social determinants of health on diminishing this disparity. We aim to build a polysocial score for dementia and investigate the racial or ethnic difference in dementia risk among older persons with different polysocial score categories.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, we utilized longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States recruiting 6 945 participants aged ≥65 years who had data on 24 social determinants of health in 2006/2008. The dementia status of participants was measured by a modified version of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status. The stepwise Cox regression was applied to select social determinants of health associated with incident dementia to construct a polysocial score. The multivariable Poisson model and linear mixed model were utilized to investigate the associations between polysocial score and incident dementia and cognitive decline, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight social determinants of health were used to build the polysocial score. Non-Hispanic Black older participants had a higher incidence rate (incidence rate difference [IRD] = 22.7; 95% confident interval [95% CI] = 12.7-32.8) than non-Hispanic White older adults in the low polysocial score, while this difference was substantially attenuated in the high polysocial score category (IRD = 0.5; 95% CI = -6.4 to -7.5). The cognitive decline of non-Hispanic older Black adults with high polysocial score was 84.6% slower (averaged cognitive decline: non-Hispanic White: -2.4 [95% CI = -2.5 to -2.3] vs non-Hispanic Black: -1.3 [95% CI = -1.9 to -0.8]) than that of non-Hispanic older White persons.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>These findings may help comprehensively understand and address racial and ethnic disparities in dementia risk and may be integrated into existing dementia prevention programs to provide targeted interventions for community-dwelling older adults with differentiated social disadvantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 10","pages":"igae078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Asymmetric Spillover Effects of Retirement on Disability: Evidence From China.","authors":"Anying Bai, Zhuang Hao, Huihui Cheng, Simiao Chen, Yu Jiang","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Recent research has explored the spillover effects of retirement on spousal well-being, yet limited attention has been given to the short-term impact on spousal disability. This study explored the asymmetric spillover impact of retirement on spouses' disability severity among a national cohort of urban residents in China.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Utilizing 4 waves of data (2011-2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, we employ a nonparametric regression discontinuity design to estimate the short-term effect of retirement on spousal disability severity. Disability is assessed based on their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Furthermore, we conduct heterogeneity analysis stratified by factors such as the husband's retirement status, health conditions, lifestyle behaviors, and the wife's educational level. Additionally, we explore potential mechanisms including changes in health behaviors, emotions, and disease diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that wives' retirement has a significant favorable short-term effect on husbands' ADL scores, with a magnitude of -0.644 points (-9.78% relative to baseline). A significant beneficial effect of wives' retirement on the prevalence of husbands' difficulty in dressing, bathing, and eating was observed with substantial magnitudes of 0.075, 0.201, and 0.051 points, respectively. Various heterogeneity analyses and sensitivity tests confirmed the robustness of our results. The positive spillover effect of wives' retirement likely results from reduced negative emotions in husbands. In contrast, husbands' retirement does not affect the prevalence of ADL/IADL disability in their wives.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Underscoring the gender asymmetry in the effects of spousal retirement on disability, this study emphasizes the need for tailored policies considering men's and women's distinct disability experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 9","pages":"igae074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Being Under-Benefited and Perceived Stress in the Relationship Between Aging Parents and Adult Children: The Moderating Role of Empathy.","authors":"Da Jiang, Zewen Huang, Chi-Kin John Lee","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Previous studies examining the relationship between being under-benefited and stress among aging parents and their adult children have yielded mixed findings. Few studies have examined whether this positive association can be alleviated by state-level or trait-level factors. Given the positive effects of empathy on interpersonal exchanges, we tested the moderating role of empathy on the relationship between being under-benefited and perceived stress among aging parents and adult children in this 14-day diary study.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A sample of 99 pairs of parents (<i>M</i> _age = 50.01 years, <i>SD</i> _age = 4.53 years; 79.8% female) and children (<i>M</i> _age = 22.38, <i>SD</i> _age = 3.49; 85.9% female) were recruited reported their level of being under-benefited in the exchange with their parent/child, perceived stress, and empathy as an affective state on a daily basis for 14 consecutive days, after completing a pretest which measured their trait empathy and demographic information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both parents and children, the positive under-benefited-stress association was only significant when they reported lower affective empathy on a daily basis. The association between the level of being under-benefited and stress was negative when children reported greater affective empathy on a daily basis. Children reported more perceived stress on the days their parents reported a greater level of being under-benefited. Such association was only significant in children with lower trait empathy. The negative association between children's being under-benefited and parents' perceived stress was only significant in parents with higher trait empathy.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of empathy as a daily affect and a trait in the relationship between daily exchanges and mental health in the intergenerational contexts between aging parents and adult children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 10","pages":"igae075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Somatosensory Games on Heart Rate Variability and Sleep-Related Biomarkers in Menopausal Women With Poor Sleep Quality.","authors":"Yi-Yuan Lin, Yi-Hung Liao, Hua Ting, Kunanya Masodsai, Chi Chen","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week somatosensory games on heart rate variability and sleep-related biomarkers in middle-aged women with poor sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Twenty-nine women with poor sleep quality were recruited as participants randomly assigned into ring fit adventure exergame group (RFA, <i>n</i> = 15) and control group (CON, <i>n</i> = 14). The RFA group received ring fit adventure exergame for 60 min each time, 2 times a week, for 12 weeks. The CON group was not allowed to participate in intervention activities during the study period. Heart rate variability, sleep quality, cortisol, serotonin, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were measured before and after the 12-week intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total score in the RFA group was significantly lower compared with the CON group. The value of the standard deviation of normal NN intervals and the root mean square of the successive RR Differences were significantly increased in the RFA group, when compared with the CON group. The change in the logarithm of high frequency (log HF) was significantly higher and change in the logarithm of low frequency to high frequency ratio (log LF/HF) was significantly lower in the RFA group, when compared to the CON group. The change level of serotonin in the RFA group was significantly higher compared with the CON group.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The results suggest that somatosensory games might improve sleep quality, increase serotonin level, and decrease sympathetic nerve activities in middle-aged women with poor sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 9","pages":"igae072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Care Poverty Among East Asian and Nordic Older Adults.","authors":"Yueh-Ching Chou, Jiby Mathew Puthenparambil, Teppo Kröger, Christy Pu","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study uses the care poverty framework, focusing on both individuals and structures. In this context, structures are represented by 2 welfare states: Taiwan, an East Asian welfare system and Finland, a Nordic welfare state. This study explores multidimensional care poverty rates and examines 3 realms of individual factors (health status, sociodemographic factors, and care support availability) among older adults in these long-term care (LTC) models.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the 2019 Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Ageing Survey and the 2020 Daily Life and Care in Old Age Survey in Finland to compare the rates and factors of care poverty in these 2 culturally and structurally different countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed different rates of care poverty in personal, practical, and socioemotional care needs in the 2 countries. Under a familistic welfare regime, Taiwanese older adults had higher personal care poverty rates than their Finnish counterparts. Those living alone faced more personal and practical care poverty. Conversely, Finnish older adults, under the Nordic welfare model, experienced more practical and socioemotional care poverty. Those with high care needs and disadvantaged social status and support were more likely to experience personal and practical care poverty. Socioemotional care poverty varied with the availability of support and health status in both countries.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The study highlights the impact of 2 LTC policies and cultures on older adults' multidimensional care poverty, identifying disadvantaged older adults under different welfare-transforming LTC models. Taiwan's budget-constrained LTC policies and high family reliance contrast with Finland's inadequate attention to the practical and socioemotional needs of its aging population. This study suggests that holistic LTC policies are needed in both countries to improve the well-being of older adults with limited support and health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 9","pages":"igae076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Soundscape Augmentation on Behavioral Symptoms in People With Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Arezoo Talebzadeh, Dick Botteldooren, Pieter Thomas, Steven Stewart, Dominique Van de Velde, Patricia De Vriendt, Paul Devos, Andrea Iaboni","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Sound is an important environmental factor that influences the expression of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Recent research on the effect of soundscape has shown promising results in improving environmental impact on people with dementia. However, no controlled studies have aimed to quantify the effects of soundscape intervention on resident outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and impact of a soundscape intervention on people with dementia and behavioral symptoms.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Pilot single-blind repeated-measures randomized controlled trial of an augmented soundscape intervention. Participants were people with dementia in a hospital-based specialized dementia unit. Participants were randomized to an augmented soundscape intervention delivered in their room in the morning and evening or treatment as usual, with 2 baseline weeks and 4 weekly post-randomization assessments of the primary and secondary behavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The soundscape intervention was feasible in terms of recruitment, retention, and delivery of the intervention. There were improvements in the neuropsychiatric inventory total scores over time in both groups (-5.89, 95%CI -8.45 to -3.28, <i>p</i> < .001), but no differences between groups. There were no significant group, time, or group × time differences for the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) total score. For the PAS-resisting care subscale, there was a significant group × time difference, with a greater reduction in the soundscape group over the study period (-0.81, 95% CI -1.59 to -0.03, <i>p</i> = .042).</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>In this pilot study, soundscape augmentation was a feasible and effective nonpharmacological approach to reducing resistance to care in people with dementia, although it did not improve neuropsychiatric symptoms more globally. Further studies with larger samples and of longer duration are needed to investigate the long-term effects of augmented sonic environments on people with dementia.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration number: </strong>NCT04809545.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 9","pages":"igae069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Older Adults Living in Foster Families in the French West Indies: Baseline Screening of the KArukera Study of Aging in Foster Families (KASAF) Cohort.","authors":"Denis Boucaud-Maitre, Roxane Villeneuve, Christine Rambhojan, Nadine Simo-Tabué, Nathalie Thibault, Leila Rinaldo, Jean-François Dartigues, Moustapha Dramé, Hélène Amieva, Maturin Tabué-Teguo","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Foster families for older adults could represent a transitional or alternative model to nursing homes. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of older adults in foster families and to compare them with those of residents in nursing homes in French West Indies.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the KArukera Study of Aging in Foster Families (KASAF) cohort. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted. Dependency was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale and cognition using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Age, gender, ADL, and MMSE scores were compared with nursing home residents from a twin study of KASAF (<i>n</i> = 332).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 107 older adults (mean age 81.8 years; 61.7% women) were recruited in 56 foster families between September 2020 and May 2021. In all, 25.5% had diabetes mellitus and 45.8% suffered from hypertension. The mean MMSE score was 9.3 ± 10.1 and 76.0% had major cognitive impairment (MMSE score <18); 12.5% were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, and 42.0% of the residents were confined to bed or in a wheelchair, with a mean ADL score of 1.5 ± 1.8. Almost all the residents (96.3%) benefited from a medical follow-up by a nurse who visited once or twice a day. Compared to older adults living in nursing homes, those in foster families were more frequently women (61.7% vs 49.4%) and had lower ADL score (1.5 vs 2.4) and lower MMSE score (9.3 vs 11.3).</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The clinical profile of foster families' residents was quite similar to that of nursing home residents in terms of demographics, dementia, and dependency. Foster families might represent an interesting strategy to address the unmet clinical and social needs of dependent older adults, especially in countries where nursing homes are not sufficiently developed.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration number: </strong>NCT04545775.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 7","pages":"igae063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Matters: Loneliness in Senior Living Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Lindsay R Wilkinson, Julie L Masters, Julie Blaskewicz Boron","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate individuals residing in senior living communities (SLCs) amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. One reason those living in SLCs often choose these communities is to have a readily available social network. Necessary social distancing disrupted this socialization, thus, possibly increasing perceptions of loneliness in residents of SLCs. This study examined relationships among loneliness, perceived provider communication about the pandemic and related restrictions, as well as individual characteristics.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In December 2020, a survey was administered to older adults residing in a network of SLCs in Nebraska. Utilizing data from 657 residents aged 60 and older, ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine associations between 2 distinct measures of perceived provider communication and feelings of loneliness during the pandemic. The analysis also considered whether these associations varied as a function of education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The respondents were, on average, 84 years of age, primarily female (72%), and living independently (87%) in the SLC. The linear regression results revealed that 53% of respondents were very lonely during the pandemic. However, provider communication that was rated as helpful to residents' understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower perceived loneliness. There was not a similar association for provider communication regarding services and amenities, and the association was not present for those with the highest level of education.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Provider communication in times of disruption from normal activities, such as with the COVID-19 pandemic, is important to perceptions of loneliness among those living in SLCs, particularly for those with lower educational attainment. SLCs are communities that individuals select to reside in, and through communication, providers may have the opportunity to positively affect resident experiences, especially in times of stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 7","pages":"igae060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Effectiveness of Physical Therapist-Supervised Exercise Interventions for Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Dennis Boer, Charlotte Schmidt, Shanty Sterke, Jan Schoones, Roy Elbers, Thea Vliet Vlieland","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Although physical therapy, in particular exercise therapy, is widely used in nursing home residents with dementia, the literature on this topic is relatively scarce. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature on the characteristics and effectiveness of exercise interventions supervised by physical therapists in nursing home residents with dementia.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Six electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies up to August 17, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing exercise interventions supervised by a physical therapist to any other form of intervention or usual care in nursing home residents with dementia were selected. Data were narratively analyzed and forest plots visualizing exercise effects were created.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 1 377 records retrieved and screened, 6 RCTs, reported in 11 papers, met the selection criteria. Included studies used multimodal or aerobic exercise interventions, with the frequency, duration and intensity varying across studies. Three of the 6 studies were at high risk of bias. Due to inconsistency in the findings and variety in outcome measures, results on the effectiveness of the interventions are inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Our review emphasizes the need for more robust studies to offer understanding of the efficacy of exercise interventions supervised by physical therapists for nursing home residents with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 7","pages":"igae061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11287766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and Olfactory Training: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Megan Loughnane, Victoria Tischler, Reem Khalid Saifeldeen, Emily Kontaris","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igae044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Decreased olfactory function commonly occurs alongside the aging process. Research suggests olfactory training (OT) has the potential to improve olfactory and cognitive function in individuals with and without olfactory dysfunction. The degree to which these benefits extend into older age and among those with cognitive impairment (i.e., people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment) is less clear. The purpose of the current review was to investigate the extent to which OT affects olfactory function, cognition, and well-being among older people.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A scoping review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Embase, EbscoHost, and SCOPUS. Articles were considered eligible for original research studies with human populations, included adults aged 55 and older, performed any type of OT, and included a form of olfactory testing. The data from the included studies were synthesized and presented narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 studies were included. The results suggest that OT provides multiple benefits to older adults, including those with cognitive impairment. Particularly, OT was associated with measurable changes in olfactory function, improved cognitive function, specifically semantic verbal fluency and working memory, reduced depressive symptoms, and protection from cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The findings suggest that benefits from OT extend beyond changes in olfactory function and include improved cognitive function, amelioration of depressive symptoms, and protection from cognitive decline. Future research is needed across specific participant groups, including those with differentiated types of dementia, to investigate the olfactory and cognitive benefits of OT.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"8 6","pages":"igae044"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11176978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}