Innovation in Aging最新文献

{"title":"From design to implementation: policy evolution of home-based primary care in Korea.","authors":"Eunhee Choi, Jihwan Lee, Bokyoung Choi, Yumi Shin, Jihee Choi, Jakyung Lee, Ahreum Choi, Soong-Nang Jang, Hyejin Lee, Chang-O Kim","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igag084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>South Korea's rapid expansion of the older adult population, along with growing health and social care needs, has created an urgent demand for Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC). This study identified key design priorities for a Korean HBPC model and examined their reflection in the national pilot.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This study was designed as a case study of the development and implementation of Korea's HBPC pilot program, using a dual-method approach for descriptive analysis. First, semi-structured interviews with 42 key informants, including policy makers, legal experts, researchers, and clinicians, identified design priorities using the 5P framework (Purpose, Population, People, Process, and Patterns). Second, policy documents and implementation guidelines from Phases 1-4 were reviewed to trace the program's evolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stakeholders emphasized that the primary objectives of HBPC should be to support aging in place, preserve functional ability, and reduce avoidable medical expenditures. Stakeholders supported gradually expanding the target population. However, a central point of contention involved whether to lower provider eligibility thresholds to increase scalability or raise them to ensure service quality. Document analysis revealed that revisions across Phases 1-4 expanded eligibility for recipients and providers and reduced coinsurance rates, thereby improving accessibility. Nonetheless, interdisciplinary training and a comprehensive performance evaluation framework remain in early stages.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Integrating stakeholder perspectives into policy design grounds HBPC development in practical experience. These findings underscore HBPC's potential in supporting aging in place among high-need, vulnerable populations and inform the development of inclusive, adaptable community-based care models.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and smart health device use in racial-ethnic minority older adults with hypertension: a qualitative study.","authors":"Jany Sun, Yanjun Dong, Jimmie Boliboun, Katherine Koo, Michael Cui, Victoria M Rizzo, Jeannine M Rowe","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Smart health devices (SHDs) can improve hypertension management. Yet, SHD use among racial-ethnic minority older adults remains low, delaying potential benefits and exacerbating health disparities. Knowledge is a key determinant of SHD adoption; however, its influence on SHD use is not well understood. This study examines how knowledge affects SHD use among racial-ethnic minority older adults with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 20 racial-ethnic minority older patients aged 60+ with hypertension and prescribed a SHD. Thematic and classical content analysis were used to analyze the interview data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple dimensions of knowledge, including prior awareness, sources of information, and gaps in knowledge, were identified as factors in using SHDs. Sixty percent had no knowledge of SHDs prior to being prescribed one. All received education about how to use the SHD from their providers, with many receiving support from others. Gaps in understanding technology, such as how SHDs transmit information, the security of information, and the potential health benefits, were observed. When knowledge gaps were addressed, it resulted in increased SHD utilization as well as improved health behaviors and emotional impacts.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Through integrating Critical Race Theory and Andersen's model, this study demonstrates that limited baseline awareness of SHD among racial-ethnic minority older adults is shaped by structural inequities. Provider education and support facilitated SHD engagement. Culturally responsive education, ongoing clinical support, and community-based education are essential to improving SHD utilization and self-monitoring behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of social isolation on all-cause mortality in older adults: do age, gender, and measurement matter?","authors":"Lydia W Li, Jay Kayser, Kyungeun Song","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Research has suggested that social isolation increases mortality risk. However, findings have been mixed regarding gender differences, and few studies have explored age differences among older adults. We examined whether the association of social isolation and all-cause mortality varied by gender and age and compared two established measures of social isolation.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 7,026, age 65+) in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) were followed up to 12 years. 2 NHATS-based social isolation measures (Pohl and Cudjoe), both with 3 categories (socially integrated, somewhat isolated, severely isolated), were used. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and health behavior factors, were applied. Interaction terms tested the moderation by gender and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 2,457 (35.0%) participants died. The 2 social isolation measures had substantial misalignment, with only 36.6% of the sample being classified in the same category. Using Pohl's measure, both somewhat and severely isolated groups had significantly higher mortality risks than socially integrated individuals, and effects were stronger for men than for women. No age interaction was observed. Associations using Cudjoe's measure were non-significant after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Social isolation hastens death in older adults, particularly among men, but findings depend on how isolation is measured. Measures emphasizing family/friend contact may better capture mortality-related risk. Healthcare providers should consider screening for, and using social prescribing to address, social isolation when treating older patients. Reducing social isolation in older men requires particular attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 9","pages":"igag070"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13480880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of artificial intelligence to assess gait parameters in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"George Demiris, Liming Huang, Sean L Harrison, Marjorie Skubic, Justine S Sefcik, Therese S Richmond, Nancy Hodgson","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Falls and fall-related injuries are significant public health issues for older adults, especially those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined how an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled assessment using in-home sensor-derived changes in functional mobility and gait compares to performance-based clinical assessment in older adults with and without MCI.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal, single-cohort observational study, recruiting 75 community-dwelling older adults residing in retirement and senior living communities (eligible if aged 65+ and able to walk household distances). Participants were assessed for MCI. A depth sensor, installed in each participant's residence, recorded in-home movement as silhouette depth images over a one-year period. AI/machine learning algorithms automatically identified, segmented, and analyzed walking segments to extract gait speed, stride time, stride length, and height of the individual walking. Timed Up and Go (TUG) score, gait speed, stride length, and stride time were captured continuously by the AI system and by a clinical expert at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlation between AI-based and performance-based TUG was strong and positive (<i>r</i> = 0.611, 95% CI: 0.354, 0.782). A moderate positive correlation between stride time and clinically assessed TUG was observed (<i>r</i> = 0.424, 95% CI: 0.193, 0.639).</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>This study demonstrates that AI-enabled in-home monitoring can capture clinically meaningful indicators of functional mobility among older adults with and without MCI. As slowed gait speed and altered stride variability precede cognitive decline and heightened fall risk, a continuous in-home assessment can facilitate proactive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including family and friend care partners in the arts in long-term care.","authors":"Eden R Champagne, Erica MacTavish, Debra Chandler, Lia Tsotsos, Kate Dupuis","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 9","pages":"igag081"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making for older adults in East Asian health systems: a scoping review.","authors":"Seung Eun Lee, Misun Hwang, Yun Jiang","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Shared decision-making (SDM) is a core component of patient-centered care, yet evidence on SDM among older adults is largely derived from Western healthcare systems. Given sociocultural differences in East Asian contexts, particularly regarding family involvement, the transferability of Western SDM models remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to SDM for older adults in East Asian healthcare systems across stakeholder groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six databases were searched from inception to October 2025 for studies focused on older adults (≥65 years) in East Asian settings. Findings were synthesized descriptively and organized across 4 stakeholder groups: patients, caregivers, clinicians, and health systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty studies published between 2011 and 2025 were included. SDM was most examined in end-of-life care, life-sustaining treatment decisions, and advance care planning. Patient-related barriers included limited information and literacy, poorer health and financial burden, psychological distress, and constrained autonomy. Caregiver-related factors reflected family-dominated decision-making dynamics that could both hinder and support SDM. Barriers regarding clinicians included clinician-centered practices, limited interaction, and delayed discussions, while those in health systems included insufficient decision-support infrastructure and resource constraints.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>SDM for older adults in East Asia is shaped by interacting influences involving patients, caregivers, clinicians, and health systems, with family involvement playing a central contextual role. Culturally responsive SDM approaches and research beyond end-of-life contexts are needed to support meaningful participation in clinical decision-making across care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 9","pages":"igag080"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective memory concerns and cognitive aging in Puerto Rican older adults: the moderating role of chronic pain.","authors":"Tyler R Bell, Sadaf A Milani, Caitlin A Northcutt, Nathalie Gider, Ebenezer Martey, Ross Andel, Michael Crowe","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Older Puerto Rican adults face disproportionately high dementia rates, and subjective memory concerns (SMCs) are often the earliest sign of cognitive risk. The role of chronic pain in shaping SMC-cognition associations is poorly understood. We evaluated 2 SMC items as predictors of cognition and tested whether chronic pain moderated these associations.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Participants without cognitive impairment (<i>n </i>= 575; mean age = 83.90) came from the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions (PREHCO) study and were reassessed approximately 2 years later (<i>n </i>= 433). Chronic pain was defined as pain reported at baseline and in prior waves. SMC items and cognition were modeled in adjusted regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived memory difficulty, but not perceived memory decline, was associated with worse baseline cognitive status (β = -.14, <i>p</i> = .003) and episodic memory (β = -.12, <i>p</i> = .008), and with greater episodic memory decline (β = -.13, <i>p</i> = .013). Chronic pain moderated the associations of perceived memory difficulty with baseline (β = -.21, <i>p</i> = .037) and change in episodic memory (β = .39, <i>p</i> = .006). Among participants with chronic pain, greater perceived memory difficulty corresponded to poorer concurrent episodic memory (β = -.28, <i>p</i> = .003) but was not associated with change in episodic memory (<i>p</i> = .393). Among those without chronic pain, perceived memory difficulty was not associated with concurrent episodic memory (<i>p</i> = .170) but showed a significant association with subsequent decline (β = -.15, <i>p</i> = .005).</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Associations of perceived memory difficulty with episodic memory differed by chronic pain status: in the chronic pain group, SMCs tracked concurrent memory performance; in those without pain, they were associated with future episodic memory decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag079"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of decisional conflict among older African Americans with advanced chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Tyrone C Hamler, Aloen L Townsend, Mirela Dobre, Anne Huml","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igag077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Decisional conflict (DC), or uncertainty about health-related decisions, is common among individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet little is known about its prevalence and predictors among older African Americans, a population disproportionately affected by CKD. This study examined the prevalence of DC and how personal characteristics, perceived kidney disease knowledge, and clinical factors are associated with DC in this group.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study involving 125 African American adults aged 50 and older with Stage 4 or 5 CKD who had not yet started dialysis. Participants completed structured telephone interviews to assess the DC Scale, perceived CKD knowledge, depressive symptoms, anxiety, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of DC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported moderate levels of DC (<i>M</i> = 36.69, <i>SD</i> = 23.2), with approximately 42% scoring above the threshold indicating decisional difficulty. In multivariate analyses, perceived CKD knowledge was the only significant predictor of DC (β = -0.58, <i>p</i> < .001), accounting for a substantial proportion of variance. Personal and clinical characteristics were not significant in the final model.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Findings highlight the crucial role of perceived knowledge in shaping decision-making among older African Americans with advanced CKD. Interventions that improve disease-specific knowledge during the pre-dialysis period may reduce decisional conflict and promote informed, patient-centered care. Future research should explore tailored educational strategies and structural factors affecting decision-making in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag077"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance bridges upstream deficits associated with falls in older adults: evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study Round 13 cohort.","authors":"Somayeh Shahsavarani, Yihsin Tai","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Falls in older adults are a major public health concern, but the mechanistic pathways linking sensory, cognitive, and vascular deficits to falls are poorly understood. We hypothesized that balance acts as a critical mediator, channeling these upstream deficits into functional fall risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using cross-sectional data from 4805 community-dwelling adults (≥ 65 years) in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 13, we examined predictors of a composite fall-risk score (self-reported past falls and worry about falling). Survey-weighted multiple regression identified direct predictors, while mediation analyses tested the indirect effects of hearing, cognition, and vascular conditions through subjective (self-reported problems) and objective (performance-based) balance measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjective balance was the strongest direct predictor of fall risk (<i>β </i>= 0.53, <i>p </i>< .001), with additional direct effects from objective balance, depression, anxiety, and heart disease. Notably, hearing ability, cognitive function, and hypertension were not direct predictors of fall risk; their influence was fully or partially mediated by balance, establishing postural control as the primary pathway through which these upstream factors contribute to falls.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>These findings identify a dual-pathway fall risk model driven by subjective and objective balance. While psychological factors and heart disease directly influence fall risk, upstream sensory, cognitive, and hypertensive deficits operate through balance as a convergent mediating pathway. Clinical fall prevention must prioritize subjective and objective balance measures, while managing mental health as a direct threat and addressing sensory and cognitive function as foundational to postural control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag076"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of depression after new-onset dementia or cognitive impairment: the Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Jingkai Wei, Youngran Kim, Victoria L Tang, Casey Crump","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The risk of depression following newly occurred dementia has not been well studied, particularly in diverse populations. This study aimed to estimate the relative risk of depression after newly occurred dementia or cognitive impairment in a cohort of adults aged ≥50 years.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Participants from the Health and Retirement Study with and without newly occurred dementia or cognitive impairment, and free of depression at baseline, were included. Dementia and cognitive impairment were ascertained using the Langa-Weir Classification of cognition, and depression was defined as ≥3 symptoms on the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Pooled logistic regression with inverse probability weighting was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of depression following newly occurred dementia and cognitive impairment for up to 10 years. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using 1,000 bootstrap samples. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Risk of depression was significantly elevated after 2 years in those with newly occurred dementia (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.17-2.03) or newly occurred cognitive impairment (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.45-1.79). Elevated risks persisted throughout the 10-year follow-up. These risks were similar in men and women and significantly elevated in most subgroups.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Incident dementia and cognitive impairment were associated with immediate and sustained elevated risk of depression across 10 years of follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of prevention strategies and timely screening for depression in people with newly occurred dementia or cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 9","pages":"igag074"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}