Innovation in Aging最新文献

{"title":"Response consistency and response time across later life stages: evidence from a factorial survey on housing decisions.","authors":"Manuela Schulz, Christiane Gross, Andrea Teti","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igag097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Factorial surveys are increasingly used in gerontological research to study complex decision-making in later life. While prior work has demonstrated their feasibility among older adults, less is known about how response behavior varies across later-life stages and how response time relates to response consistency, particularly among the oldest old.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Data are drawn from a factorial survey on housing decisions conducted with a convenience sample of adults aged 50 to 99 years in Germany (<i>N</i> = 266). Response inconsistency was operationalised as a respondent-level measure based on residual variation in vignette evaluations. Regression and interaction analyses were used to examine age-related patterns and the relationship between response time and response inconsistency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Response time increased with age. Response inconsistency did not vary across most age groups but was higher among the oldest respondents. No statistically robust association between response time and response inconsistency was observed, and interaction effects were not significant. Exploratory analyses indicated that age-related differences in inconsistency were detectable only within a limited range of response times.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>The findings emphasise the importance of differentiating between stages of later life when assessing survey response behavior. They suggest that response pace and response consistency capture distinct dimensions that should not be treated as interchangeable indicators of data quality. By focusing on age-specific patterns, the study contributes to a more differentiated interpretation of response behavior in gerontological survey research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 11","pages":"igag097"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149297215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) portal: variable-level discovery and custom metadata and data extraction for aging research.","authors":"Seoyoun Kim, Kathryn Lavender, Sanda Ionescu, Jennifer Zeiger","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Population aging has intensified demand for data infrastructure that supports life-course, cohort, and within-person research using longitudinal surveys. However, traditional file-centric dissemination and the growing number and diversity of aging data collections have complicated secondary analysis, limiting researchers' ability to locate comparable measures, evaluate cross-wave continuity, and assemble cross-study analytic datasets. To address these challenges, we introduced the National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) portal, a variable-level metadata discovery and extraction platform developed by NACDA in collaboration with the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and Colectica.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Established in 2019, the portal integrates 17 longitudinal aging studies encompassing over 210,000 variables. Organized by concept and harmonized metadata, users can identify and extract variables across waves and studies within standardized conceptual frameworks and generate tailored documentation to support transparent, reproducible workflows. We present a use case demonstrating metadata-driven, variable-level access for longitudinal data preparation and cross-study comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The portal provides concept-oriented, variable-level discovery and extraction that streamlines identification of comparable measures, supports cross-wave assessment of measurement continuity, and reduces technical and cognitive burdens associated with assembling longitudinal analytic files. The use case illustrates how variable-level access and autogenerated documentation facilitate efficient dataset construction and reproducible analysis pipelines.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>By shifting from file-centric dissemination to harmonized, concept-based metadata and variable-level extraction, the NACDA portal lowers barriers to longitudinal and cross-study aging research. This approach can strengthen transparency, comparability, and reproducibility, supporting cumulative science as aging data resources continue to grow.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 11","pages":"igag093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing oral frailty improves functional independence in older Brazilians: a causal inference study of disability-free survival using longitudinal modified treatment policies.","authors":"John Rong Hao Tay, Huihua Li, Karen G Peres, Rahul Malhotra, Anna Quialheiro, Eleonora D'Orsi, Marco A Peres","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Poor oral health is associated with functional decline and mortality in older adults, yet causal evidence linking oral health improvement with functional independence remains limited. We simulated the effects of hypothetical reductions in oral frailty on the cumulative probability of being alive and independent in basic activities of daily living (ADLs) among older adults in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Data from the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study of community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older in Florianópolis, Brazil, followed from 2009 to 2023, were analyzed (1702 participants). Oral frailty was measured at waves 1-3 using a seven-item composite score (range 0-7). The primary outcome was the cumulative probability of being alive and ADL-independent through wave 5, estimated using a discrete-time survival model. Longitudinal modified treatment policies with targeted maximum-likelihood estimation simulated nine oral health improvement scenarios, accounting for time-varying confounding and censoring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>336 deaths occurred during follow-up. A stepwise reduction in oral frailty increased the probability of being alive and ADL independent by 73% (probability ratio 1.73, 95% CI 1.48-2.02), corresponding to 15 829 additional functionally independent older adults per 100 000 individuals. Preventing edentulism with preserved masticatory function also improved the probability of being alive and ADL independent (probability ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.08-1.36). Effects on survival alone were smaller and less certain.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Reducing oral frailty and preserving masticatory function increases functional independence among older adults, with smaller and uncertain effects on survival. Oral health is a modifiable determinant of healthy ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13616044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of data and code sharing in research funded by the Nathan Shock Centers, 2017-2022: a meta-research study.","authors":"Colby J Vorland, Simon Chung, Aidan S Kramer, John R Hultquist, David B Allison, Andrew W Brown","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Data and code sharing facilitate reproducibility, trust, and efficient reuse of research resources. Growing recognition of their importance among researchers, journals, and funders led the Nathan Shock Centers (NSC) Coordinating Center to propose documenting and supporting data and code sharing in aging research. As a baseline, we characterized data and code sharing practices in NSC-funded research.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We surveyed articles citing NSC grants published 2017-2022 indexed in PubMed. In full-text screening (<i>n </i>= 507), we excluded articles that did not generate or analyze data. For included articles, we classified data/code availability statements as available via repository, supplemental file, inclusion in paper, available on request, explicitly not available, no statement included, or other. We checked articles indicating open data/code to determine whether materials could be located per the provided statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 400 articles included, 50% and 92% had no data or code availability statements, respectively. Data statements indicated availability via repository (30%), supplemental files (26%), inclusion in paper (10%), and on request (14%). For code, 6% indicated availability in repositories, and ≤1% each for other categories. Of those indicating open data or code, materials were located for 63% and 81%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Availability statements were absent for about half of articles for data and most for code; when open data or code was claimed, materials were located in most, but not all. Future work will evaluate how these practices improve over time as the NSC Coordinating Center's support and journal and funder guidelines evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag090"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective cognitive decline and cognitive leisure activity engagement in older adults: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Emine Akbayrak, Philip A Powell, Sarah Barnes","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igag088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), self-perceived worsening in cognitive abilities without objective impairment, is an early marker of dementia linked to poorer mental health and reduced quality of life. Cognitive leisure activities (CLA) are low-cost, accessible behaviors that support cognitive functioning and well-being. However, evidence remains limited regarding the directionality, mechanisms, and domain-specific nature of the SCD-CLA relationship. This study provides novel mixed-methods evidence to inform early, person-centered intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design combined a cross-sectional survey of 255 older adults and semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals living with SCD in the United Kingdom. Quantitative data were analyzed using regression analyses, and qualitative data through thematic analysis. Results were integrated via a joint display.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative analyses showed higher SCD concerns were associated with lower CLA engagement, with specific activity types linked to distinct cognitive domains. Qualitative findings highlighted motivations, barriers, and strategies shaping engagement, including enjoyment, social connection, and emotional or health-related challenges. Integrated findings indicated potential reciprocal influences: cognitive concerns could motivate CLA engagement to maintain cognitive health, but SCD-related emotional distress and reduced confidence constrained participation. CLA did not statistically moderate the age-SCD association, yet participants reported perceived cognitive and emotional benefits.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>These findings highlight the need for interventions that move beyond simple activity promotion to address emotional ambivalence, stigma, and contextual barriers to participation. Tailoring CLA opportunities to individual preferences and capacities may enhance engagement, cognitive wellbeing, and emotional resilience in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 11","pages":"igag088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13695511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149266603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Medicare Part D and Part B drug spending among older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.","authors":"Seyeon Jang, Jie Chen","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study examined Medicare Part D and Part B drug spending and beneficiary out-of-pocket (OOP) costs among community-dwelling Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), assessing variation by dual eligibility, state, and Accountable Care Organization (ACO) enrollment.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the 2022 Medicare Beneficiary Summary File linked to the Cost and Use file. The sample included 1 372 696 community-dwelling Medicare FFS beneficiaries with ADRD, including 575 308 beneficiaries with five or more chronic conditions. Outcomes included annual Medicare payments and beneficiary OOP costs for Parts D and B drugs. Analyses were stratified by dual eligibility duration, state, and ACO enrollment, with adjusted estimates from generalized linear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medicare Part D drug spending was substantial, increasing with dual-eligibility duration: $8732-$9107 among beneficiaries with full-year dual eligibility and exceeding $11 500 among those with 5+ chronic conditions. Beneficiary OOP costs were highest among Medicare-only beneficiaries and markedly lower among dually eligible individuals. Medicare Part B drug spending was highest among Medicare-only beneficiaries and varied widely by state, ranging from $433 to $1827 among Medicare-only beneficiaries and from $179 to $1446 among dually eligible beneficiaries. After adjustment, differences in Parts D and B drug spending by ACO enrollment were modest.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Parts D and B drug costs among Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD vary by dual eligibility and geography. Limited associations with ACO enrollment underscore the need for better medication management integration in value-based care for high-need older adults with ADRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent financial adversity and cognitive aging: a life course investigation.","authors":"Yiwen Liu, Jacques Wels, Sarah-Naomi James, Sarah E Keuss, Jane Maddock, Thomas D Parker, Jean Stafford, Jonathan M Schott, Marcus Richards, Praveetha Patalay","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The long-term effect of persistent financial adversity on cognitive aging remains unclear. We examined how sustained financial hardship across adulthood associates with midlife cognition, cognitive decline, and later-life brain health and whether impacts vary by sex, childhood socioeconomic circumstances (SECs), and genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Using data from the 1946 British birth cohort (<i>N</i> = 2,759) and its neuroimaging sub-study, Insight 46 (<i>N</i> = 356-468), we linked financial adversity (low household income, financial hardships between ages 26 and 53) with cognitive performance at age 53, cognitive decline from ages 53 to 69, and neuroimaging measures at ages 69-71. We tested moderating roles of sex, childhood SEC, and APOE-ɛ4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased exposure to low household income and financial hardships was associated with lower processing speed (-0.07 [-0.13, -0.02] and -0.05 [-0.11, -0.00]) and verbal memory at age 53 (-0.16 [-0.21, -0.11] and -0.10 [-0.15, -0.05]). This was followed by slower verbal memory decline, attributable to lower baseline scores. Persistent low income was associated with greater ventricular volume (<i>b</i> = 4.67 ml [1.01, 8.32]). Stronger associations between financial adversity and brain atrophy were found for male participants, those with lower childhood SEC, and APOE-ɛ4 carriers who were consistently more vulnerable.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Persistent financial adversity impacts cognitive performance by midlife and later-life brain atrophy, with larger effects for men, those from disadvantaged childhoods, and individuals with greater genetic risk. Supporting financially vulnerable working-age adults could help prevent dementia in an aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 8","pages":"igag054"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicaid payment rates and nursing home staffing levels across ownership types.","authors":"Edward Alan Miller, Elizabeth Simpson, Marc A Cohen, John R Bowblis","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geroni/igag087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Medicaid is the largest payer for long-stay nursing home care, yet the relationship between payment and quality is understudied. Given the relationship of staffing to quality of care, this study aimed to investigate the association between Medicaid payment rates and nursing staff levels in nursing homes, both overall and by ownership type (for-profit, not-for-profit, government).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>The study employed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using a nationwide, facility-level database, comprising facility-level Medicaid payment rates collected directly from the states, staffing levels derived from the Payroll-Based Journal (PBJ), and facility and resident characteristics from the Medicare Cost Reports and Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting (CASPER). Multivariate regression with state fixed effects was used to assess the relationship between Medicaid payment and staffing levels. The final sample accounted for 9,510 freestanding nursing homes across the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results demonstrate significant associations between Medicaid payment rates and total, nurse aide, and registered nurse staffing levels. Medicaid payment rates were not consistently associated with licensed practical nurse staffing levels. Findings did not vary across not-for-profit, for-profit, and government nursing homes.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Medicaid reimbursement levels affect nursing staff levels in nursing homes, regardless of ownership type. Policymakers should consider Medicaid payment rates when setting nursing home policy to support staffing and sustain quality of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The patient is still there: geriatric psychiatry and the legacy of deinstitutionalization.","authors":"James V English, Jess Malouf, Callie Ward","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igag086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From design to implementation: policy evolution of home-based primary care in Korea.","authors":"Eunhee Choi, Jihwan Lee, Bokyoung Choi, Yumi Shin, Jihee Choi, Jakyung Lee, Ahreum Choi, Soong-Nang Jang, Hyejin Lee, Chang-O Kim","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igag084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igag084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>South Korea's rapid expansion of the older adult population, along with growing health and social care needs, has created an urgent demand for Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC). This study identified key design priorities for a Korean HBPC model and examined their reflection in the national pilot.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This study was designed as a case study of the development and implementation of Korea's HBPC pilot program, using a dual-method approach for descriptive analysis. First, semi-structured interviews with 42 key informants, including policy makers, legal experts, researchers, and clinicians, identified design priorities using the 5P framework (Purpose, Population, People, Process, and Patterns). Second, policy documents and implementation guidelines from Phases 1-4 were reviewed to trace the program's evolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stakeholders emphasized that the primary objectives of HBPC should be to support aging in place, preserve functional ability, and reduce avoidable medical expenditures. Stakeholders supported gradually expanding the target population. However, a central point of contention involved whether to lower provider eligibility thresholds to increase scalability or raise them to ensure service quality. Document analysis revealed that revisions across Phases 1-4 expanded eligibility for recipients and providers and reduced coinsurance rates, thereby improving accessibility. Nonetheless, interdisciplinary training and a comprehensive performance evaluation framework remain in early stages.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Integrating stakeholder perspectives into policy design grounds HBPC development in practical experience. These findings underscore HBPC's potential in supporting aging in place among high-need, vulnerable populations and inform the development of inclusive, adaptable community-based care models.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"10 10","pages":"igag084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}