{"title":"Twenty Years of World Haptics: Retrospective and Future Directions","authors":"J. Edward Colgate;Lynette A. Jones;Hong Z. Tan","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3605032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3605032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"452-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11174044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krishna Dheeraj Kommuri, Mehmet Ege Cansev, Philipp Beckerle, Irene A Kuling
{"title":"Rendering Affective Touch With an Array of Pneumatic Unit Cell Actuators.","authors":"Krishna Dheeraj Kommuri, Mehmet Ege Cansev, Philipp Beckerle, Irene A Kuling","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3611671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3611671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rendering affective touch through haptic interfaces has gathered significant interest due to its ability to elicit emotional responses. Among various forms of affective touch, this study focuses on stroke stimuli. An illusory stroke stimulus is rendered using eight discrete Pneumatic Unit Cell (PUC) actuators on the left forearm. The study systematically investigates how rendering parameters-including the traveling speed of the illusory stroke, the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of consecutive indentations, and indentation pressure-affect the perceived pleasantness and continuity of the stimulus. Results reveal that higher speeds significantly improved both pleasantness and continuity, with speed emerging as the most influential factor. In contrast, SOA has no significant effect on either perceived pleasantness or continuity. Indentation pressure shows a moderate impact on pleasantness, with high pressures reducing pleasantness but having no significant effect on continuity. Additionally, a positive correlation is observed between perceived pleasantness and continuity, underscoring the relevance of the continuity illusion created by sequential indentations with discrete actuators in evoking pleasant sensations. These findings demonstrate the potential of PUC actuators for creating affective touch stimuli and provide preliminary insights into the influence of rendering parameters on affective touch in human-machine and human-robot interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jake D Little, Jennifer L Tennison, Jenna L Gorlewicz
{"title":"Drawing the Line: Wearable Linear Haptics Motivated by Guided Breathing.","authors":"Jake D Little, Jennifer L Tennison, Jenna L Gorlewicz","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3609959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3609959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haptic wearables provide an intuitive human-machine interface to convey information through the sense of touch, which may have promising applications in guided breathing. In this paper, we detail the design and evaluation of three wearable prototypes (Vibration, Skin Drag, and Tapping) capable of administering discrete (individual, separate pulses and stimuli) and continuous (overlapping or uninterrupted stimuli) forms of linear haptic cycles with inspiration from slow, deep guided breathing. Characterization was performed to quantify and validate the performance of six haptic stimuli (discrete/continuous vibration, skin drag, and tapping). Devices were quantified with key metrics that described the applied stimuli and the dynamics of the wearable. A human subjects study (N=25), composed of two-cycle tracking tasks, was conducted to determine device performance and user aptitude. Results indicated consistent directional recognition across all six stimuli, but discrete stimuli performed better in spatial localization tasks. Although outperformed in tracking/localization tasks, continuous stimuli, especially skin drag, were described as the most apt and intuitive pairing to guided breathing. Findings highlight the potential of these linear haptic stimuli in a number of applications, including guided breathing, navigation, virtual immersion, and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debadutta Subudhi, K K Deepak, Manivannan Muniyandi
{"title":"Haptics of Pulse Palpation: Simulation and Validation through Novel Sensor-Actuator System.","authors":"Debadutta Subudhi, K K Deepak, Manivannan Muniyandi","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3604476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3604476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palpation of arteries holds significant physiological importance. Existing pulse actuator designs intended to replicate the haptic sensations of palpation primarily focus on normal force interactions, often overlooking the shear forces generated by oscillations of the arterial wall during blood flow. This study aims to evaluate the normal, longitudinal, and transverse forces exerted by arteries through both theoretical and experimental analyses during palpation. The experimental validation features a pulse actuator-sensor system. The actuator component is a hydroelectromagnetic actuator, while the haptic sensing is performed by the Subblescope. The Subblescope measures arterial force feedback from both soft and hard artery models, as well as from the radial pulse in 18 human subjects. Mathematical analysis establishes the operational range of the sensor-actuator system as 0.005 N to 2.5 N. The force feedback from the simulation has been used for designing the total force generation by the actuator. The reactive force along the Z-axis varies between 19.3 mN to 500 mN, while the transverse and longitudinal forces along the Y and X axes range from 6.9 mN to 88.01 mN and 5.46 mN to 87.85 mN, respectively. The pulse-force map of the hard artery reveals higher three-dimensional force interactions compared to the soft artery. The hydroelectromagnetic actuator effectively generates both normal and shear forces during pulsatile flow. Future work will focus on developing training modules that replicate pulse haptics associated with various physiological conditions, such as diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Persuasive Vibrations\": Studying the influence of vibration parameters on speech persuasion.","authors":"Sabrina Toofany, Anatole Lecuyer, Ferran Argelaguet, Justine Saint-Aubert","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3600579","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3600579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the notion of \"Persuasive Vibrations\", which showed that augmenting a person's speech with vibrotactile feedback could artificially increase persuasion. However, while the initial paper has shown the effect, the underlying reasons why vibrations enhance persuasion remain unknown. Through two different user studies, this paper aims to study how the underlying parameters of the vibratory feedback (e.g., frequency, amplitude, or audio-vibration synchronization) influence persuasion. The first study aimed to identify the parameters of vibrotactile feedback that can positively influence persuasion. The second study evaluated vibrotactile feedback that might impair the persuasive effect. In a nutshell, the first experiment suggests that the isolation of different properties of the vibratory signal could tend to provide higher persuasion compared to no vibratory feedback. A lower frequency at 100 Hz seems the most efficient way to generate a persuasive effect. In contrast, the second experiment suggests that some alteration of the vibratory signal ( e.g., latency) does not decrease the levels of persuasion compared to the no-vibration condition. All in all, the results suggest that using lower frequencies could have a better effect on persuasion. These results could serve as a basis for haptic design in applications like videoconferencing, virtual meetings, and training systems where supporting user speech is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Fennel, Markus Walker, Dominik Pikos, Uwe D Hanebeck
{"title":"HapticGiant: A Novel Very Large Kinesthetic Haptic Interface with Hierarchical Force Control.","authors":"Michael Fennel, Markus Walker, Dominik Pikos, Uwe D Hanebeck","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3598859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3598859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research in virtual reality and haptic technologies has consistently aimed to enhance immersion. While advanced head-mounted displays are now commercially available, kinesthetic haptic interfaces still face challenges such as limited workspaces, insufficient degrees of freedom, and kinematics not matching the human arm. In this paper, we present HapticGiant, a novel large-scale kinesthetic haptic interface designed to match the properties of the human arm as closely as possible and to facilitate natural user locomotion while providing full haptic feedback. The interface incorporates a novel admittance-type force control scheme, leveraging hierarchical optimization to render both arbitrary serial kinematic chains and Cartesian admittances. Notably, the proposed control scheme natively accounts for system limitations, including joint and Cartesian constraints, as well as singularities. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of HapticGiant and its control scheme, paving the way for highly immersive virtual reality applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Tactile Communication of English Language: A Visual Handbook Enhances Letter Learning","authors":"Tawanda Denzel Nyasulu;Shengzhi Du;Nico Steyn;Qingxue Liu;Syeda Nadiah Fatima Nahri;Hui Yu","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3596843","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3596843","url":null,"abstract":"The haptic communication of languages by engaging wearable displays has recently attracted much attention because of the continuous technological improvements (e.g., miniaturized hardware, and software). Currently, one of the primary research goals towards the haptic communication of language is to develop training protocols that reduce the time of learning by making the learning experience less cumbersome. This study provides a novel training protocol by separating learning into two sections, that is, offline, and online training. During offline training, the technique is based on visual learning, i.e., the spatial-temporal information of the haptic patterns is obtained by sight without stimulating the skin. During online training, the technique is based on kinesthetic learning, i.e., the knowledge of the patterns is obtained by hands-on experience. The learning of English letters is used to illustrate the proposed technique. The results show that the proposed two-section protocol lowers the time of online learning in the state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"809-814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Survey on Tactile Change Blindness.","authors":"Lauren E Horde, Logan D Clark, Sara L Riggs","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3597076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3597076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While vibrotactile displays continue to gain popularity, it remains that the phenomenon of tactile change blindness negatively impacts the human ability to detect changes between and within tactile signals. This paper surveys the research literature on tactile change detection and blindness under various parameters, including the number of tactors used, the intensity and length of the stimulus, and whether distractors between stimuli (i.e., transients) were used during experimentation, among others. The goal of this survey is to summarize what has been done in an attempt to better understand the parameters that exacerbate tactile change blindness and identify potential areas of future research. When such an understanding is reached, the design of haptic and multimodal displays may ideally be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maijie Xiang;Jonathan J. Bernstein;David B. Miller;Robert D. White
{"title":"PCB-Based Miniature Vibro-Tactile Display for the Visually Impaired","authors":"Maijie Xiang;Jonathan J. Bernstein;David B. Miller;Robert D. White","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3597265","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3597265","url":null,"abstract":"Current Braille readers are costly, limited to one or two rows of text, and there are no affordable tactile displays for images. To address this, we have developed a low-cost, electronically refreshable vibrotactile display prototype inspired by capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT). The design utilizes a printed circuit board (PCB) as the substrate and bottom electrode array, combined with a metalized Kapton film as the vibrating membrane and punched foam tape as a spacer. The current prototype demonstrates a 2x3 array of tactels (a tactile pixel) with 3.0 mm spacing. The system was modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) and characterized using laser vibrometry. Vibration amplitudes of 1.0 μm to 7.0 μm peak-to-peak were achieved using a peak-to-peak drive voltage of 600V at 200 to 300 Hz. Distinct patterns in the shape of Braille characters have been generated. A human subject study was conducted with 10 unskilled participants each conducting 20 trials on a discrimination task. Eight of the ten participants achieved an accuracy greater than 70% indicating that the patterns can be discriminated (N = 200, p = 0.0027). The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of this approach and is scalable to large area displays at low cost.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"742-750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combining Gamification and Haptic Coupling in a Two-Dimensional Tracking Task Performed by Human Dyads","authors":"Mohammad Sohorab Hossain;Vesna D. Novak","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3595445","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3595445","url":null,"abstract":"Exercises involving two participants are increasingly popular in applications such as motor rehabilitation, but it is still unclear how such exercises can be most effectively designed. This study examines the effects of two promising design elements of dyadic exercises (gamification and haptic coupling) on motor learning, motivation, and muscle activation. 62 healthy adult dyads were divided into four groups where gamification and haptic coupling were either present or absent, then went through an established protocol of learning two-dimensional tracking motions in the intermittent presence of a force field. 36 of these dyads completed an extended protocol where gamification was either added or removed after the main protocol, allowing a crossover study of its effects. Results showed that haptic coupling had no significant effects, matching some previous studies. On the other hand, gamification did improve intrinsic motivation and reduce forearm electromyograms, though the reduction in forearm electromyograms may be due to a biased sample. Overall, haptic coupling does not appear to be a high priority for future applied studies of dyadic exercises, especially since all previous coupling studies were performed with minimalistic visuals. On the other hand, gamification continues to hold promise for applications such as motor rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"732-741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}