{"title":"Reliability of tactile perception and suppression measurements.","authors":"Dimitris Voudouris, Petros Georgiadis, Katja Fiehler, Belkis Ezgi Arikan","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3587742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3587742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tactile signals arising on one's own body allow estimation of one's sensory state and foster interactions with the environment. However, tactile perception can be influenced by various factors. For instance, tactile perception is suppressed on a moving limb compared to when it is resting, a phenomenon termed tactile suppression. Here, we examine whether tactile perception during resting and during movement is robust over shorter and longer time intervals. Participants had to detect tactile stimuli of various intensities on their index finger while this finger was resting or moving (finger extension). This detection task was performed in four sessions on separate days across a period of one month. We found that tactile perception during resting is robust within single sessions and across days. However, tactile perception during movement changed across days, but these changes lacked a clear systematic pattern. We further show that temporal changes in perception alone cannot fully account for the previously reported tactile suppression effects. Finally, split-half correlations reveal high consistency in the estimated perceptual measures, demonstrating that estimates of tactile perception are robust across measurement points.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuri De Pra, Stefano Papetti, Hanna Jarvelainen, Alessandro Morassut, Federico Fontana
{"title":"Encoding manual rotations on a motionless knob.","authors":"Yuri De Pra, Stefano Papetti, Hanna Jarvelainen, Alessandro Morassut, Federico Fontana","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3584595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3584595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the robustness and versatility of touchscreens affording haptic rotation, physical knobs remain widely adopted in the control layout of professional machines and appliances. Their low cost, established design, and efficiency in encoding rotations - even when an operator's attention is focused elsewhere - make them an optimal choice. However, physical knobs are often prone to electro-mechanical damage in settings such as food or cleaning service facilities. To overcome potential consequent safety and productivity issues, we have designed and prototyped a motionless cylindrical device capable of encoding manual rotation. The device tracks finger contact positions on its lateral surface through capacitive sensing, which are then processed by a neural network-based encoding algorithm designed to classify manual rotations in real-time on low-cost embedded hardware. A user test evaluating manual rotation confirmed accuracy in line with a previous experiment conducted on a motionless knob. In parallel, a decrease in precision was observed, possibly as a consequence of the sensing technology and encoding algorithm. Subjective questionnaires assessing specific aspects of the interaction quality with the prototype reinforced previous findings, suggesting that achieving natural and intuitive gestures on a motionless knob requires adaptation of a deeply embodied interaction primitive such as manual rotation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ching Hei Cheng, Jonathan Eden, Denny Oetomo, Ying Tan
{"title":"Exploring Interference between Concurrent Skin Stretches.","authors":"Ching Hei Cheng, Jonathan Eden, Denny Oetomo, Ying Tan","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3583736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3583736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proprioception is essential for coordinating human movements and enhancing the performance of assistive robotic devices. Skin stretch feedback, which is used within natural proprioception mechanisms, presents a promising method for conveying proprioceptive information. To better understand the impact of interference on skin stretch perception and to provide insights into how to best balance between perception performance and the workload required for its understanding, we conducted a user study with 30 participants that evaluated the effect of two simultaneous skin stretches on the user's ability to perceive changes in skin stretch and the associated perceived workload. We observed that when participants experience simultaneous skin stretch stimuli, a masking effect occurs which deteriorates perception performance in the collocated skin stretch configurations without changing the perception of workload. These findings imply that multi-channel skin stretch designs should avoid locating modules in close proximity due to the lower sensitivity in perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel E Genaro, Laura C Marrelli, Erika E Howe, Emma B Plater, Michael Apollinaro, John Zettel, Leah R Bent
{"title":"Optimizing Vibrotactile Feedback for Sensory Substitution in the Thigh: Spatial Acuity and Frequency Characteristics.","authors":"Daniel E Genaro, Laura C Marrelli, Erika E Howe, Emma B Plater, Michael Apollinaro, John Zettel, Leah R Bent","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3583962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3583962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amputation of a lower limb not only affects mobility but also interferes with sensory feedback, leading to an elevated risk of falls among individuals living with amputation. Sensory substitution, achieved through tactile displays embedded in transfemoral prosthetic sockets, presents a promising non-invasive solution to provide artificial sensation to users. However, for this approach to be effective, users must accurately perceive distinct combinations of vibrations, a capacity limited by their two-point discrimination ability. This study examined whether spacing two vibrotactile stimuli within the 20-30 mm range, on the thigh, enabled the perception of distinct points and whether vibration frequency affected spatial acuity. We defined the ability to perceive two distinct points as achieving at least a 75% accuracy in responses, and based on this criterion, we determined that the minimum distance required for two-point discrimination lies between 25 mm and 30 mm. Notably, our study revealed that spatial acuity was not altered when vibrating at either low (30 Hz) or high (150 Hz) frequencies, provided the vibrations were at the perceptual threshold. Lastly, our findings consistently favoured stimuli that were spaced out vertically over horizontal ones. These findings contribute to the improvement of tactile displays intended for sensory substitution in transfemoral prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Role for Finger Properties in Exploration and Perception of Softness.","authors":"Didem Katircilar, Roland Bennewitz, Knut Drewing","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3582077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3582077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with more elastic, more hydrated or smaller fingers usually show better performance in several passive touch tasks. In active touch, people use different exploratory procedures when evaluating object properties, and tune their exploratory parameters. For example, they indent stimuli to assess softness and optimize their peak forces to get relevant information. In this study, we aim to understand whether finger pad size, elasticity and hydration affect individuals' force-tuning and discrimination performance in active softness perception. Participants performed two softness tasks in two different sessions. In one session, hyaluronic acid was applied to their finger pads to soften it, in the other they received no treatment. We assessed individual elasticity and hydration values with cutometer and corneometer in each session, and measured finger pad size in three dimension by caliper. In each task, two pairs of stimuli were presented to the participants (Young's Modulus: 41.5 vs. 45.0; 28.7 vs. 31.3 kPa) who chose the softer stimulus. In the restricted task, they could apply force only up to 2 Newton, whereas there was no force limit in the unconstrained task. We found that participants with smaller finger pad size exerted less force in the restricted task and participants with more hydrated and elastic fingers exerted less force in the unconstrained task. The force-tuning disappeared in the unconstrained task when treatment was applied. These results indicate that people employ strategies according to their finger parameters and to the availability of cues whereas adaptation to treatment is likely to need longer practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Khater, Louis-Pierre Guidetti, Stuart Mansbridge, Oliver Schneider
{"title":"Beyond Funneling: Subjective Experiences of Spatial Vibrotactile Feedback on the Back.","authors":"Diana Khater, Louis-Pierre Guidetti, Stuart Mansbridge, Oliver Schneider","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580297","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrotactile feedback is a common target for wearables, often making use of illusions like funneling, which produces a phantom sensation in-between actuators. However, prior work has assumed funneling produces a point sensation rather than a region across the body. To better understand how people experience spatial vibrotactile feedback, we approach this question with a qualitative study. We placed vibrotactile actuators at different locations on the back, asking participants to draw what they experienced on a map of an individual's back, and conducted open and closed-coding analysis. Results show a range of experiences more diverse than previously described. For example, sometimes a phantom sensation was perceived in-between the actuators (\"funneling\"), while other times participants also indicated a region including one or both actuators (we call this \"fusing\"). We also document masking effects and conduction across bone and soft tissue. These findings can serve as a taxonomy guiding new research for understanding vibrotactile perception as a total experience, and provide a visual vocabulary documenting felt vibrations on the skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haptic Relocation Away From the Fingertip: Where, Why, and How.","authors":"Mine Sarac","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3581779","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3581779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tactile haptic devices are often designed to render meaningful, complex, and realistic touch-based information on users' skin. While fingertips and hands are the most preferred body locations to render haptic feedback, recent trends allow such feedback to be extended to alternative body locations (e.g., wrist, arm, torso, foot) for various scenarios due to reasons such as wearability and needs of the application. In this paper, I address the new concept of haptic relocation. It refers to scenarios in which the expected feedback is related to the fingertips but rendered on a different body location instead - e.g., contact forces registered by two robotic fingers during teleoperation rendered to the users' wrist instead of the fingers. I investigated the design choices of wearable haptic devices for haptic relocation concerning different body locations, targeted applications, and actuator selection. I discuss approaches and design choices from the literature by speculating on the possible reasons, and conclude the paper by highlighting some challenges and issues to be mindful of in the future. This paper will guide engineers and researchers in searching for alternative haptic rendering solutions - especially when fingers and hands are not available for haptic interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Distributed Friction During Sliding Touch.","authors":"MacKenzie Harnett, Paras Kumar, Rebecca F Friesen","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3581009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3581009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Friction modulation allows for a range of different tactile sensations and textures to be simulated on flat touchscreens, yet is largely unable to render fundamental interactions such as tracing the edge of a line or shape; an edge consists of straddling two different states, yet friction modulating screens traditionally apply only one friction force at a time to the whole finger. In order to expand the range of sensations rendered via friction modulation, in this paper we explore the possibility of applying spatial feedback on the fingerpad via differing friction forces on flat touchscreens. To this end, we fabricated six distinct flat surfaces with different spatial distributions of friction and calculated deformation of the fingerpad skin in response to motion along these physical samples. In our study, friction changes that occur sequentially along the sliding direction introduced little transitory spatial warping such as compression or stretching to the fingerpad, suggesting limited perceptual differences in comparison to 'classic' friction modulation. Distributing friction across the direction of motion, however, showed pattern-dependent shearing of the fingertip skin, opening avenues for new sensations and illusions heretofore unachievable on flat touchscreen surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tactile Enhancement of Mid-Air Ultrasonic Stimulation by Wrist Vibration: Perceived Intensity and Pattern Recognition.","authors":"Dong-Geun Kim, Seungmoon Choi","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3581196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3581196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates methods to enhance the perceived intensity of mid-air ultrasonic tactile stimuli through the perceptual phenomenon of tactile enhancement. By presenting a brief vibrotactile stimulus to the wrist before stimulating the palm with a mid-air ultrasonic stimulus of the same frequency, we demonstrated that the perceived intensity could be increased by up to 1.7 times. A second user study further examined the effectiveness of this method, revealing that recognition of number-patterned mid-air stimuli was significantly improved by 7.8 % with the presence of wrist vibration. These findings offer promising directions for improving the usability of mid-air haptic devices using common wearable technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lightweight Fingernail Haptic Device: Unobstructed Fingerpad Force and Vibration Feedback for Enhanced Virtual Dexterous Manipulation.","authors":"Yunxiu Xu, Siyu Wang, Shoichi Hasegawa","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3581014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2025.3581014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a lightweight, wearable fingertip haptic device that provides physics-based haptic feedback for dexterous manipulation in virtual environments without hindering real-world interactions. The device, designed with thin strings and actuators attached to the fingernails, ensures minimal weight (1.55 g per finger) and preserves finger flexibility. Integrating the software with a physics engine renders multiple types of haptic feedback (grip force, collision, and sliding vibration feedback). We evaluated the device's performance in pressure perception, slip feedback, typical dexterous manipulation tasks, and daily operations, and we gathered user experience through subjective assessments. Our results show that participants could perceive and respond to pressure and vibration feedback. Through dexterous manipulation experiments, we further demonstrated that these minimal haptic cues significantly improved virtual task efficiency, showcasing how lightweight haptic feedback can enhance manipulation performance without complex mechanisms. The device's ability to preserve tactile sensations and minimize hindrance to real-world operations is a key advantage over glove-type haptic devices. This research offers a potential solution for designing haptic interfaces that balance lightweight construction, haptic feedback for dexterous manipulation, and daily wearability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}