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Anion exchange recovery of rhenium from industrial liquors followed by direct synthesis of a rhenium halide salt 通过阴离子交换从工业液体中回收铼,然后直接合成卤化铼盐
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106387
Evgeny Kirillov, Zhanna Bochkareva, Vladimir Semenishchev, Sergey Kirillov, Grigory Bunkov, Vladimir Rychkov
{"title":"Anion exchange recovery of rhenium from industrial liquors followed by direct synthesis of a rhenium halide salt","authors":"Evgeny Kirillov,&nbsp;Zhanna Bochkareva,&nbsp;Vladimir Semenishchev,&nbsp;Sergey Kirillov,&nbsp;Grigory Bunkov,&nbsp;Vladimir Rychkov","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, the sorption of perrhenate ions from sulfuric acid liquors was studied using three types of polymer ion exchange resins. An anion exchange resin type 1 (a copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine with divinylbenzene (VP-DVB)) as well as two polyfunctional resins containing anion and cation exchange functional groups, namely, type 2 (a carboxylated VP-DVB with pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (picolinic acid) functional group) and type 3 (an aminophosphorylated VP-DVB with pyridine-2-[(methylamino)methyl]phosphonic acid functional group), were studied. The resins before and after rhenium sorption were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy. The incorporation of additional acidic functional groups into the polymer matrix of the VP-DVB resins led to a slight decrease in the rhenium anion exchange capacity. At the same time, polyfunctional resins make it possible to strip rhenium with hydrochloric acid. A completely new process for the preconcentration of rhenium as a halide compound, which will contribute to the low-cost production of metallic rhenium, can be implemented using these new polyfunctional resins. Column sorption experiments using real uranium leach liquors demonstrated an exchange capacity of 33.2 mg of Re per gram of resin and a concentration factor in the eluate of ∼2500. The possibility of anion exchange recovery of rhenium from uranium leach liquors by Type 3 resin followed by direct precipitation of potassium hexachlororhenate from hydrochloric acid desorption liquor was demonstrated. The present study provided a new resin for rhenium recovery with excellent adsorption and elution characteristics, which is a promising candidate for practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydrochloric acid leaching of rare earth elements from a novel source of deep-sea sediments and advantage of reduction with H2O2 盐酸沥滤深海沉积物中稀土元素的新来源以及用 H2O2 还原的优势
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106383
Kuifang Zhang , Zhiqiang Liu , Hui Liu , Wei Zhu , Bohan Wei , Xiaocong Zhong , Ruixiang Wang , Yuping Zeng
{"title":"Hydrochloric acid leaching of rare earth elements from a novel source of deep-sea sediments and advantage of reduction with H2O2","authors":"Kuifang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhu ,&nbsp;Bohan Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Zhong ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuping Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the mineralogy of a novel resource of deep-sea sediments containing rare earth elements (REEs) was investigated, along with the leaching of REEs using hydrochloric acid. The results revealed that, apart from 62.0% of the Ce found in the Mn oxides, the other REEs in the deep-sea sediments mostly existed in hydroxyapatite mineral which can be easily decomposed via a hydrochloric acid leaching. An optimized REEs leaching percentage of 89.5% was achieved using 2.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid as the leaching agent, with a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1, at 60 °C for 30 min. However, Mn oxides remained stable during the leaching process, resulting in a low Ce leaching percentage of 30.7%. Under the optimized conditions, Mn oxides could be decomposed by adding 30% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as a reducing agent, leading to improved leaching percentages of Ce and REEs to 86.6% and 93.2%, respectively. The high leaching efficiency of REEs may further increase the utilization potential of this novel resource.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmentally friendly non-saponification solvent extraction and separation process for RE(III) (RE = Eu, Gd and Tb) in acetic acid solution using HEHEHP/n-heptane 使用 HEHEHP/n-heptane 对醋酸溶液中的 RE(III)(RE = Eu、Gd 和 Tb)进行环保型非皂化溶剂萃取和分离工艺
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106386
Xiaoyang Qu , Xuxia Zhang , Jian Li , Shangwan Fu , Kejia Liu , Yangyang Xie , Liuyimei Yang , Hui Zhang , Tao Qi
{"title":"Environmentally friendly non-saponification solvent extraction and separation process for RE(III) (RE = Eu, Gd and Tb) in acetic acid solution using HEHEHP/n-heptane","authors":"Xiaoyang Qu ,&nbsp;Xuxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Shangwan Fu ,&nbsp;Kejia Liu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Xie ,&nbsp;Liuyimei Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The key to achieving sustainable metal extraction development is to avoid the generation of high-salt wastewater from the source. Here, a new system for the extraction and separation of lanthanide elements Eu(III), Gd(III) and Tb(III) from the acetic acid solution using HEHEHP (2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2-ethylhexylphosphonate) was studied. The corresponding parameters including contact time, HEHEHP concentration, concentrations of rare earth metal ions and acetic acid in the initial solution, aqueous/organic phase volume ratio (R<sub>(A/O)</sub>), and temperature were considered to optimize the conditions for the separation of different rare earth elements. The results showed that the separation coefficients of Tb(III)/Gd(III) and Gd(III)/Eu(III) in the acetic acid system were approximately 6.2 and 1.7, with HEHEHP of 0.15 mol/L and R<sub>(A/O)</sub> of 2:1, and the extraction efficiency of RE(III) reached approximately 73.1%, which was higher than that in the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid systems. The mechanism associated with the extraction reaction was evaluated and discussed by the maximum loading capacity method, chromatographic analysis, and FT-IR spectrometric analysis. The mechanism followed a cation exchange reaction and acetic acid did not participate in the extraction process. The feasibility of the separation of Tb(III) from Eu(III) and Gd(<em>III</em>)was also given in terms of the separation coefficients between different elements at different extraction conditions. Since saponification is not necessary in the acetic acid extraction system, it can considerably reduce wastewater discharge to the ecological environment from the source.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gold recovery from chloride leach solution of TCCA using D301 anion exchange resin and elution with thiourea 使用 D301 阴离子交换树脂和硫脲洗脱从 TCCA 的氯化物浸出液中回收黄金
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106384
Huiqun Niu , Hongying Yang , Linlin Tong
{"title":"Gold recovery from chloride leach solution of TCCA using D301 anion exchange resin and elution with thiourea","authors":"Huiqun Niu ,&nbsp;Hongying Yang ,&nbsp;Linlin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), which is used for gold leaching, is an alternative to cyanidation due to its lower toxicity and higher efficiency. This study investigated the gold recovery procedures from highly effective chloride leaching solution using the D301 resin. This approach prevented the inhibition of gold adsorption when using activated carbon. Herein, the optimal conditions for gold adsorption were discussed, including establishing adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and calculating adsorption activation energy. Additionally, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) techniques were used to reveal the mechanism of gold adsorption using D301 resin. Under optimal conditions (pH 4.0, temperature 25 °C, time 120 min), an average adsorption percentage of 99.2% was achieved. Analysis of the adsorption data confirmed that gold adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The calculated activation energy was 9.69 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, indicating a predominance of physical adsorption involving ion exchange reactions with protonated tertiary amine groups in the D301 resin beads. Furthermore, among various eluents tested in desorption experiments, a solution containing a mixture of thiourea and hydrochloric acid with 0.4 mol L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.8 mol L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, demonstrated superior efficiency, achieving a successful desorption percentage reaching 95.7 ± 0.3% within 80 min. After three cycles of resin regeneration, the regeneration efficiency reached 91.2% while maintaining an average adsorption percentage of 95.3%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient and selective recovery of Mo and V from spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts via oxidation roasting followed by Na2CO3 and NaOH leaching 通过氧化焙烧,然后用 Na2CO3 和 NaOH 浸出,从废旧加氢脱硫催化剂中高效、选择性地回收钼和钒
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106381
Kaiyuan Fang , Guiqing Zhang , Qinggang Li , Wenjuan Guan , Mingyu Wang , Shengxi Wu , Xinbing Xia , Chonglong Shi
{"title":"Efficient and selective recovery of Mo and V from spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts via oxidation roasting followed by Na2CO3 and NaOH leaching","authors":"Kaiyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Guiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinggang Li ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Guan ,&nbsp;Mingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Shengxi Wu ,&nbsp;Xinbing Xia ,&nbsp;Chonglong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts containing large amounts of valuable metals, such as Mo and V, are hazardous solid wastes but also valuable secondary resources. However, the current recovery process suffers from the difficulty of balancing the leaching efficiency of Mo and V and their selectivity over Al. This work focused on the effect of phase transformation during roasting operation on the leaching behavior Mo, V, and Al and adopted an oxidation roasting followed by mixed alkali of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and NaOH leaching process to recover Mo and V from spent HDS catalysts. The results indicated that the phase transformation of Mo, V, and Al species during oxidation roasting process played a crucial role in achieving efficient leaching of Mo and V, as well as reducing leaching efficiency of Al. This transformation involved the change in Mo and V species changed from low valent compounds to high valent oxides, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> from γ-phase to θ- and α-phases. In addition, efficient and selective leaching of 99.3% Mo and 97.8% V was realized, with only 0.03% Al being dissolved, by roasting the spent catalysts at 700 °C for 2 h and then leaching with a mixed solution of 1.2 mol/L Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and 1.6 mol/L NaOH. The efficient and selective leaching of Mo and V can significantly reduce the burden of subsequent separation and purification, which provided an important prerequisite for the development of a new process for the recovery of Mo and V from HDS spent catalysts in alkaline systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient ammoximation and regeneration of degraded hydroxyoxime CP150 over TS-1 molecular sieve/H2O2 system and reuse for solvent extraction of Cu(II) 在 TS-1 分子筛/H2O2 系统上高效胺化和再生降解羟肟 CP150 并将其重新用于溶剂萃取 Cu(II)
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106382
Qionghua Xie , Qijie Chen , Ying Yu , Qi Sun , Liangshi Wang
{"title":"Efficient ammoximation and regeneration of degraded hydroxyoxime CP150 over TS-1 molecular sieve/H2O2 system and reuse for solvent extraction of Cu(II)","authors":"Qionghua Xie ,&nbsp;Qijie Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Liangshi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The regeneration of failed hydroxyoxime extractants in the copper hydrometallurgy industry is crucial. However, the existing regeneration system has limitations in terms of operability, yield, and environmental friendliness, which restricts its industrial application. This paper presents a clean one-pot ammoximation regeneration system for the in-situ preparation of hydroxylamine for the oximation of aldehydes, catalyzed by TS-1 with NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. It was tailored based on the characteristics of the degraded organic phase produced by long-term operation at the copper solvent extraction site. The developed system demonstrates an excellent regeneration conversion efficiency (&gt;90%) for the degraded copper-extracted organic phase. Following regeneration, the copper extraction efficiency of the organic phase reaches the same level as the fresh organic phase and maintains good copper extraction stability even after multiple extraction cycles. Moreover, the phase separation performance was improved through optimization. This regeneration system meets the demand for environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization of degraded waste organic phases in copper extraction systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving the transfer of dissolved oxygen in a biological Fe2+ oxidation process using a venturi jet as an intensive aeration system 利用文丘里射流作为强化曝气系统,改善生物 Fe2+ 氧化过程中溶解氧的传输
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106380
Joan Morell, Xavier Guimerà, Antonio David Dorado
{"title":"Improving the transfer of dissolved oxygen in a biological Fe2+ oxidation process using a venturi jet as an intensive aeration system","authors":"Joan Morell,&nbsp;Xavier Guimerà,&nbsp;Antonio David Dorado","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low bio-production of Fe<sup>3+</sup> as a leaching agent is one of the main limitations to implementing industrial bio-processes at feasibility conditions. The main limitation of the bio-oxidation process of Fe<sup>2+</sup> is the low oxygen transfer to the aqueous phase because of the low oxygen solubility. This study assesses the effectiveness of the venturi jet as an innovative and intensive aeration device for overcoming the oxygen limitation in a continuous ferrous oxidation process in a fixed-bed reactor with immobilized <em>acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</em>, in contrast to the conventional diffuser aeration device. Firstly, the influence of the airflow and the influence of the medium concentration were determined for the following parameters for both aeration devices; Volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k<sub>L</sub>a), Standard Oxygen <em>Transfer</em> Rate (SOTR), Standard Aeration Efficiency (SAE), and Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency (SOTE). Then, both aeration devices were compared in a continuous bio-oxidation process in an up-flow packed bio-reactor (UFPB). The system performance was assessed by monitoring temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen concentration for 69 days. Findings displayed that when aerating with the diffuser, the ferrous oxidation rate was restricted by the low dissolved oxygen availability, being about 1 ppm (1 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Under these oxygen-limiting conditions, the maximum ferrous (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) oxidation rate was 9.09 g L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. However, when aerating with the venturi jet, the dissolved oxygen concentration increased up to 2.70 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, achieving a maximum of 29.11 g L<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>. So, this study has demonstrated that the change in the aeration device has resulted in an improvement in the process, achieving a 3.5-fold increase in the oxidation rate. Furthermore, the venturi jet offered additional advantages over the diffuser, such as requiring less power to deliver the same amount of air, being unaffected by jarosite precipitates, and not requiring a supply of compressed air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Removal of calcium from phosphoric acid produced by the nitric acid process using solvent extraction with TCHDGA and stripping with water 利用三氯二苯甲烷溶剂萃取和水汽提法去除硝酸法生产的磷酸中的钙
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106379
Chengjin Xu , Miaomiao Zhang , Jianhui Su , Xiujing Peng , Xiangfeng Kong , Yanping Luo , Jiahui Sun , Yu Cui , Xuchuan Jiang , Guoxin Sun
{"title":"Removal of calcium from phosphoric acid produced by the nitric acid process using solvent extraction with TCHDGA and stripping with water","authors":"Chengjin Xu ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Su ,&nbsp;Xiujing Peng ,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Kong ,&nbsp;Yanping Luo ,&nbsp;Jiahui Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Cui ,&nbsp;Xuchuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Guoxin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phosphoric acid produced by the nitric acid method cannot be used as an industrial-grade product as a result of the high calcium nitrate content. It can only be used for fertilizer production due to difficulty of complete removal of calcium nitrate. Herein, an efficient approach for the removal of calcium nitrate from the phosphoric acid produced by the nitric acid process was studied. The proposed process is based on solvent extraction with N, N, N′, N′-tetracyclohexyl-3-oxyglutaramide (TCHDGA). The effects of time, diluent, temperature, impurity ions, and the concentrations of extractant and nitric acid on the extraction of Ca<sup>2+</sup> were considered. A series of characterization tests involving FT-IR spectroscopy, XPS analysis, slope analysis and X-ray single crystal diffracted analysis revealed that the stoichiometry of the complex is (Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)(TCHDGA)<sub>3</sub>. The concentration of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in phosphoric acid drops below 5 mg/L a three-stage cross-current extraction process. The stripping efficiency of calcium nitrate in the organic phase by water is above 99.9%. The extraction efficiency of Ca<sup>2+</sup> by TCHDGA remained above 96.8% after ten extraction-stripping cycles, realizing the efficient removal of calcium nitrate in the phosphoric acid produced by nitric acid process without changing the traditional production conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recovery of indium by solvent extraction with crown ether in the presence of KCl and stripping with HCl: A mechanistic study 在氯化钾存在下用冠醚进行溶剂萃取并用盐酸进行汽提回收铟:机理研究
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106378
Gaojie Chen , Yanhang Xiong , Liang Xu , Chao Yao , Xiaofeng Zhang , Cheng Yang , Yongpan Tian , Zhuo Zhao
{"title":"Recovery of indium by solvent extraction with crown ether in the presence of KCl and stripping with HCl: A mechanistic study","authors":"Gaojie Chen ,&nbsp;Yanhang Xiong ,&nbsp;Liang Xu ,&nbsp;Chao Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Yang ,&nbsp;Yongpan Tian ,&nbsp;Zhuo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydration of In<sup>3+</sup> is the main factor limiting its extraction efficiency from an aqueous solution during a liquid-liquid extraction process. In this study, KCl was introduced into the aqueous solution to facilitate the formation of InCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> of low charge density, which is expected to possess much weaker hydration compared with In<sup>3+</sup>, promoting the solvent extraction of indium. The crown ethers (CEs) with varied cavity sizes, benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), and benzo-12-crown-4 (B12C4), were synthesized. The extraction performance of the CEs toward indium in the presence of sufficient KCl in the aqueous solution was investigated. The liquid-liquid extraction process was analyzed theoretically based on density functional theory (DFT) from the aspects of thermodynamics, geometric structure optimization, electrostatic potential (ESP), and independent gradient model (IGM). The theoretical evaluations agreed well with the experimental results that the hydration of indium could be significantly weakened through the formation of InCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> and the complexation ability of the CEs toward indium is in the order of B18C6 &gt; B15C5 &gt; B12C4. The complexation mechanism between the CEs and indium during the extraction process was further explored with the assistance of <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum and SEM-EDS. The results indicate that crown ether coordinates with K<sup>+</sup> to form [CE-K]<sup>+</sup> at the two-phase interface, which further associates with InCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> to create the complex of CE-KInCl<sub>4</sub>, realizing the efficient indium extraction. Moreover, B18C6 showed excellent selectivity toward In<sup>3+</sup> over the competing ions such as Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Sn<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in a complex system. Indium could be efficiently recovered from the loaded organic phase by using 1 M HCl as the stripping agent with a stripping efficiency of 98.1%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141942474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective anion exchange adsorption of molybdenum(VI) at low concentrations from an acid leached vanadium shale solution containing aluminium and phosphorus 从含铝和磷的酸浸钒页岩溶液中选择性阴离子交换吸附低浓度钼(VI)
IF 4.8 2区 材料科学
Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106366
Miao Wang , Xinlong Yang , Jiankang Wen , Wenjuan Li , Hongying Yang , Wengang Liu
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