Hydrometallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Metal extraction from waste lithium-ion batteries: Analysis of test results and metal ion interactions with ternary hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Kangjia Sun,Bowen Zhang,Yan Zhou,Peizhe Cui,Fanqing Meng,Yinglong Wang,Jianguang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"11 1","pages":"106895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148893933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource valorization of hazardous lead residue: A comparative evaluation of cleaner recovery for critical metals","authors":"Xuan Cui, Xuejin Liu, Xiaolei Li, Lianghong Duan, Jinxi Qiao, Guangmei Li, Xin Zhang, Xin Cai, Lin Tan, Qinghua Tian, Zhipeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106883","url":null,"abstract":"Hazardous lead residue (HLR) poses a dual challenge: it contains both toxic and valuable metals, making safe and economical treatment difficult. Based on a comparative evaluation of alkaline (Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, NaOH) and acidic (HNO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>, HNO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> + H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> + H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) leaching systems, the H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> + H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> oxidative system was identified as the optimal route. An integrated cleaner recovery process was therefore developed, comprising H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> + H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> cooperative oxidative leaching, selective resin adsorption, and reductive precipitation. Under optimized leaching conditions (L/S ratio 5:1, 300 g/L H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, 70 °C, 4 h, 600 rpm, 12 mL/L H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>), toxic and valuable metals were selectively extracted, while Pb and Bi were effectively retained in the residue and could be safely returned to the lead smelting circuit. A two-stage counter-current leaching configuration increased total selenium extraction to 96.9%. Using AMBERLITE GT73 resin, Hg and Ag were efficiently adsorbed from the leachate, with removal efficiencies of 98.8% and 99.9%, respectively. Selenium was subsequently recovered via Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> reduction, yielding a product of 94.0% purity at a recovery efficiency of 99.4%. The proposed process achieves significant environmental detoxification and yields an estimated net economic profit of USD 1609 per ton of HLR, demonstrating a viable and sustainable strategy for the comprehensive resource recovery from hazardous lead residues.","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"313 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the microstructure of microporous organic-inorganic hybrid SiO2 membranes for separation of P204 (D2EHPA) and Na2SO4 in spent battery process wastewater: Successes and challenges","authors":"Yuanyan Liu, Xinyu Jiao, Xincheng Pan, Hong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106884","url":null,"abstract":"To address the wastewater treatment challenge involving di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204), this study employed membrane separation techniques to investigate the separation of the P204/Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> system. Using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTESE) as the precursor, an organic-inorganic hybrid SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> membrane was prepared with the sol-gel method. The resultant pure BTESE membrane exhibited a pure water permeation coefficient of 42.3 L m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> bar<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. The rejection for P204 and Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> were 91.0% and 87.7%, respectively, indicating an inability to achieve effective separation of the two substances. To reduce the rejection of Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>, a BTESE/PEI composite membrane was constructed by coating polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the surface of the BTESE membrane. The introduced PEI endowed the membrane with positive surface charges, achieving a synergistic separation effect combining size sieving and electrostatic repulsion. The results showed that the pure water permeation coefficient of the BTESE/PEI-0.1 wt% (BP-0.1 wt%) composite membrane was 36.4 L m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> bar<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, with the rejection for P204 remaining at 85.9%, while the rejection for Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> decreased to 19.0%, successfully achieving the selective separation of the two substances. Nevertheless, when applied to real high-salt wastewater, the rejection of P204 and Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> drop sharply to 20.7% and 14.6%, respectively. Such performance degradation is mainly attributed to the salting-out effect under high-salt conditions. It distorts the solvation layer and aggregation state of P204 molecules, allowing P204 to pass through membrane pores and deteriorating the membrane's selective separation ability.","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted organic acid-based nitrogen oxide-free silver recovery from discarded end-of-life crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell powder: Role of ultrasound on slurry temperature, process optimisation and sustainability analysis","authors":"Fei Li, Liuxu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106882","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of end-of-life photovoltaic modules has raised increasing concerns regarding lead contamination and the loss of valuable resources, particularly silicon and silver. Conventional nitric acid leaching can effectively recover silver but is associated with nitrogen oxide emissions and the co-dissolution of impurities, which complicate subsequent separation and purification. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted acetic acid–hydrogen peroxide leaching process was developed for the green and efficient recovery of silver from end-of-life crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell powder. The leaching parameters were optimised using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions, the silver leaching efficiency reached 98.1%. Moreover, the results indicate that increasing ultrasonic power intensified the heating effect during leaching, with the effect becoming more pronounced as the irradiation time increased. Therefore, the enhancement of Ag leaching under ultrasonic irradiation may be associated not only with intensified cavitation and mass transfer but also with the increase in slurry temperature. A screening-level sustainability comparison further demonstrated that the proposed process offers a clear environmental advantage by reducing the risk of nitrogen oxide emissions and nitrate/total nitrogen loading in the leachate. However, its advantages in terms of leachate volume and energy consumption were found to be scenario-dependent. Therefore, further evaluation should consider downstream silver separation, wastewater treatment, chemical oxygen demand management, and acid recycling.","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxo-ligand coordination-driven selectivity enhancement for ta/Sb-Nb separation via MIBK extraction in HF-H2SO4 solution","authors":"Gengjin Zhang, Yanfang Huang, Longfei Jia, Tianze Chen, Yizhuang Wang, Shengpeng Su, Wenjuan Wang, Hu Sun, Guihong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"24 1","pages":"106877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium sulfate recovery from red mud by selective de-alkalization using ferric sulfate solution and its regeneration","authors":"Zhenquan Yang ,&nbsp;Hannian Gu ,&nbsp;Zehai Li ,&nbsp;Dawei Fan ,&nbsp;Hanjie Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud (RM) is an alkaline solid waste generated during the production of alumina, and its high alkalinity is a major obstacle to its comprehensive utilization. This study used a leaching process with ferric sulfate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃) solution to selectively remove ‌alkaline components‌ from RM. The results showed that the leaching efficiencies of Na and K reached 95.1 and 54.8%, respectively, under the conditions of leaching at room temperature, reaction time of 30 min, using 100 g/L of Fe₂(SO₄)₃, and liquid-to-solid ratio of 8 mL/g. The low leaching efficiencies of other elements indicated that Fe₂(SO₄)₃ solution exhibited good selectivity in the de-alkalization process. The Na₂O content in the de-alkalized RM was reduced to 0.29%, making it suitable for the use in construction materials. Meanwhile, the Fe consumed and precipitated in the leach residue during the de-alkalization process can be regenerated using 1.5 mol/L H₂SO₄. Moreover, the leachate, after supplementation with Fe₂(SO₄)₃, was reused for further de-alkalization of new RM samples. Cyclic de-alkalization accumulated the Na content in the leachate allowing the recovery of Na products. The process cannot only reduce the consumption of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ solution but also enables the Na recovery, and the resulting crude product of Na₂SO₄ can be further separated and purified. In conclusion, the use of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ solution to regulate the alkalinity of RM provides an economical and environmentally friendly approach for large-scale RM treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 106644"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of an organic phosphonic acid functionalized silica-based composite resin for highly efficient separation of scandium(III) from rare earths","authors":"Zheng Qin ,&nbsp;Shunyan Ning ,&nbsp;Juan Liu ,&nbsp;Lifeng Chen ,&nbsp;Mohammed F. Hamza ,&nbsp;Yuezhou Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scandium (Sc), a member of the rare earths, is widely used in electric lighting, astronautics, nuclear technology, and other important fields. A new type of organic phosphonic acid-functionalized silica-based resin, SiHMP/SiO₂, was synthesized using a one-step in situ polymerization method for the separation of Sc from the other rare earth elements. It showed good adsorption performance in HNO₃, HCl, and H₂SO₄ solutions and especially ultra-high selectivity for Sc in the HNO₃ medium with a high separation factor <em>SF</em>_{Sc/other metals} ≥ 3089. The maximum adsorption capacity of SiHMP/SiO₂ for Sc in 0.1 M HNO₃ was 28.9, 29.1, 29.6, and 31.5 mg/g at 298 K, 313 K, 328 K, and 343 K, respectively. The resin had fast adsorption kinetics and good resistance to acid and high temperature. The separation of Sc from the other rare earth elements was achieved through the dynamic column experiment. The experimental results and characterization analyses, as well as DFT calculations, showed that the adsorption mechanism involves both ion exchange and coordination, simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 106650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkanol-enabled instantaneous precipitation of lithium carbonate and phosphate at low temperature","authors":"Qingyun Li ,&nbsp;Size Zheng ,&nbsp;Benjamin Hsiao","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study shows that ethanol addition to supersaturated Li⁺–CO₃²⁻ solutions dramatically accelerates the lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) precipitation from brine. With an addition of ≥5 vol% ethanol, precipitation becomes instantaneous, completing within ∼30 min at room temperature versus &gt;1 day without ethanol, and is even faster at higher temperatures, in some cases reaching equilibrium within seconds. Ethanol addition produces much finer Li₂CO₃ particles than those without ethanol. The observed behavior seems to be specific to lithium salts: lithium phosphate (Li₃PO₄) showed similar acceleration, whereas CaCO₃ and MgCO₃ did not. Pre-mixing ethanol with Li⁺ before carbonate addition did not show this effect, indicating the importance of timing. The mechanism of the demonstrated method involves ethanol collapsing nucleation barrier rather than changing the equilibrium solubility. This approach potentially enables energy-efficient Li recovery at lower temperatures for shorter durations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 106632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Ni-rich NCM cathode material as oxidant to control manganese in Li-ion battery waste recycling","authors":"Toni Kauppinen ,&nbsp;Tuomas Vielma ,&nbsp;Justin Salminen ,&nbsp;Mikael Manninen ,&nbsp;Tao Hu ,&nbsp;Ulla Lassi","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manganese control is a crucial step in lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling processes. Older cathode active materials (CAM) have manganese concentrations excessively high for modern high‑nickel cathode active materials. This study explores the use of the cathode active materials' oxidative properties for manganese removal during the leaching process utilizing synthetic solutions. Furthermore, delithiated cathode material was utilized to facilitate manganese removal from the NCM622 leachate. Preliminary experiments involved leaching various cathode materials in sulfuric acid without the addition of common reducing agent, such as H₂O₂. Results indicated that 35–50 wt-% of the transition metals could be leached from the cathode material in the absence of a reducing agent. Additionally, after approximately 90 wt-% of the lithium had been removed, manganese was effectively employed as a reducing agent for nickel and cobalt. A carefully controlled initial concentration of manganese sulfate achieved &gt;99% leaching yield of Ni and Co, while precipitating MnO₂ with nickel and cobalt impurities below 1 wt-%. Moreover, Ni-rich cathode materials were successfully utilized to control Mn in the NMC622 recycling solution. Manganese removal efficiency was also studied using delithiated cathode materials at different lithium yields. Manganese removal yield was lower, if over 80% delithiation yield was obtained in separate delithiation reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 106647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and efficient extraction of gold from copper(II)-ammonia-thiosulfate leachate using the benzyl functionalized ionic liquid-based extraction system","authors":"Yunchang Fan ,&nbsp;Yafang Tian ,&nbsp;Yanhe Nie ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Bowen Chen ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wu ,&nbsp;Haibao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2026.106651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thiosulfate leaching has been regarded as an environmentally benign alternative to the toxic cyanidation process for the gold recovery. However, the efficient extraction of gold from thiosulfate solutions remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, an ionic liquid (IL)-based extraction system was developed. A benzyl-functionalized IL was identified as the optimal extractant, enabling ultra-fast and highly efficient recovery of gold under optimal conditions, including a gold concentration of 10 mg/L, an extraction time of 1.0 min, an aqueous to organic phase volume ratio (A/O) of 150 and an extraction efficiency of 98.2%. The extraction of gold was found to proceed via an ion-pair mechanism and was governed by the synergistic effects of hydrophobic interaction, π–π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. The proposed IL-based extraction system was successfully applied to the extraction of gold from the thiosulfate leachate of gold ore and exhibited excellent selectivity. These results demonstrate that the benzyl-functionalized IL-based extraction system provides an effective and rapid approach for the highly efficient extraction of gold from thiosulfate solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 106651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}