Hydrometallurgy最新文献

Recovery of transition metals (Ni, Co, and Mn) and Li from the sulfate leach solutions of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries by stepwise solvent extraction and precipitation 从废三元锂离子电池硫酸盐浸出液中分步萃取和沉淀法回收过渡金属（Ni、Co、Mn）和Li

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106519

Kuifang Zhang , Bohan Wei , Bin Zeng , Sen Qiu , Xiaocong Zhong , Ruixiang Wang

{"title":"Recovery of transition metals (Ni, Co, and Mn) and Li from the sulfate leach solutions of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries by stepwise solvent extraction and precipitation","authors":"Kuifang Zhang , Bohan Wei , Bin Zeng , Sen Qiu , Xiaocong Zhong , Ruixiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfate leachate from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) contain valuable metals, such as transition metals (Ni, Co, and Mn) and Li, and impurity metals, such as Al and Fe. Selectively separating them from solutions is necessary for their recovery. In this work, a stepwise solvent extraction and precipitation process is proposed for the selective separation and recovery of transition metals (Ni, Co, and Mn) and Li from sulfate-leaching solutions of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries. First, 100 % of the impurity metals (Al and Fe) were selectively removed from the solution through a single-stage extraction using 22.5 % (<em>v</em>/v) N1923 in sulfonated kerosene at an O/A ratio of 1:1 for 10 min. The losses of the transition metals (Ni, Co, and Mn) and Li were only 1.65 %. The Al and Fe in the loaded organic system was completely stripped using a 1 mol/L HNO<sub>3</sub> solution, followed by regeneration with sodium carbonate solution. Subsequently, the raffinate (pH = 4.46) was directly used for the co-extraction of Ni, Co, and Mn by Cyanex 272. A five-stage countercurrent extraction was performed with an organic system consisting of 1 mol/L Cyanex 272 (saponification degree: 50 %) in sulfonated kerosene, using an O/A ratio of 2.25:1. Nearly all of the Ni, Co, and Mn were extracted, while only 1.43 % Li was co-extracted. The extracted Ni, Co, and Mn in the loaded organic system were completely stripped through five-stage counter-current stripping using 1 mol/L H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> with an O/A ratio of 5:1. During the stepwise solvent extraction process, stripped solutions of Ni, Co, Mn, and Li raffinates were sent to precipitate the pure ternary material precursors and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. This study introduces a novel method for recycling spent ternary lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrometallurgical process of spent lithium-ion battery recycling Part. 2 Recovery of valuable metals from the cathode active material leachates: Review and cost analysis 废锂离子电池的湿法冶金回收。第二部分：从正极活性物质渗滤液中回收有价金属：综述与成本分析

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106516

Junghyun Lim , Yunjai Jang , Junbeum Lee , Chaehyeon Lee , Omayma Jbari , Kyungjung Kwon , Eunhyea Chung

{"title":"Hydrometallurgical process of spent lithium-ion battery recycling Part. 2 Recovery of valuable metals from the cathode active material leachates: Review and cost analysis","authors":"Junghyun Lim , Yunjai Jang , Junbeum Lee , Chaehyeon Lee , Omayma Jbari , Kyungjung Kwon , Eunhyea Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid increase in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) usage, particularly in portable electronics and electric vehicles, has led to considerable environmental challenges due to waste generation, creating a need for recovery of metals from waste. This review examines methods for recovering valuable metals—Co, Ni, Mn, and Li—from the leachates of end-of-life spent LIBs using hydrometallurgical unit processes, summarizing current research and technological advancements. Recovery techniques such as precipitation, solvent extraction, electrodeposition, ion exchange (and adsorption), and other approaches were evaluated in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. Moreover, a cost analysis comparing hydrometallurgical methods—precipitation, solvent extraction, electrochemical extraction—was conducted. This review highlights the technological gaps in current recovery methods and stresses the need for further research to improve metal recoveries and minimize the environmental impacts of hydrometallurgical processes. Integrating experimental findings, the review offers a comprehensive overview of recovery pathways and provides insights into the future of sustainable LIBs recycling and cost analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the adsorption of precious metals from wastewater by XAD-2 resin loaded with functionalized deep eutectic solvent 载载功能化深度共熔溶剂的XAD-2树脂吸附废水中贵金属的研究

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106520

Yifan Wang , Yonghui Song , Xinwei Zhang , Ping Dong , Ning Yin , Zeyu Wang , Shilei Lang

{"title":"Study on the adsorption of precious metals from wastewater by XAD-2 resin loaded with functionalized deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Yifan Wang , Yonghui Song , Xinwei Zhang , Ping Dong , Ning Yin , Zeyu Wang , Shilei Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study prepared a novel adsorption material XAD-2-HDES with fast adsorption rate by impregnating XAD-2 resin with quaternary ammonium hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES). It was applied to the enrichment and recovery of various precious metal ions in aqua regia solution. The results showed that the adsorption efficiencies of Ir(IV), Pt(IV), Ru(III) and Rh(III) were 95.3 %, 99.8 %, 94.1 % and 43.9 %, respectively, under the following conditions: trioctylmethylammonium chloride (N263) to menthol (Men) molar ratio of 1:2, adsorbent dosage of 20 g L<sup>−1</sup>, initial aqueous phase pH of 0.1, adsorption time of 2 h, and adsorption temperature of 298.15 K. Under optimal process conditions, the maximum loading of Ir(IV), Pt(IV), Ru(III), and Rh(III) were 19.4 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 20.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 4.6 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 4.3 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The adsorption process of precious metal ions obeys the Langmuir model and quasi-second-order kinetic model, which is mainly controlled by the chemical reaction of the monomolecular layer. The surface loaded HDES of XAD-2-HDES provides abundant adsorption reaction sites, and the adsorption process is mainly driven by electrostatic attraction. The complex ions of precious metals undergo an anion-exchange reaction with Cl<sup>−</sup> in N263 to form a stable hydrophobic type neutral complex species with N atoms as a bridge with HDES through ligand bonding, and form a new hydrogen-bonding network with the –OH group of Men to facilitate the dissolution of the complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Separation of aluminum and lithium in sulfuric acid roasting leachate of overhaul slag by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid extraction and sulfuric acid stripping 二-（2-乙基己基）磷酸萃取-硫酸汽提分离大修渣硫酸焙烧浸出液中的铝锂

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106521

Liangmin Dong , Fen Jiao , Wei Liu , Zheyi Zhang , Wenqing Qin

{"title":"Separation of aluminum and lithium in sulfuric acid roasting leachate of overhaul slag by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid extraction and sulfuric acid stripping","authors":"Liangmin Dong , Fen Jiao , Wei Liu , Zheyi Zhang , Wenqing Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sulfuric acid roasting – water leaching - solvent extraction process is an effective method for extracting aluminum and lithium from overhaul slag. This study aims to investigate the extraction behavior of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) of molecular formula C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>35</sub>O<sub>4</sub>P in sulfonated kerosene for Al<sup>3+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup> in sulfuric acid media. Under the most suitable conditions of pH 2.7, organic and aqueous phase <em>v</em>olume ratio (O/A) of 1, P204 concentration of 50 % (<em>v</em>/v), extraction time of 5 min, the selective extraction efficiency of aluminum reached 99.1 % after 3 stages. The loss of lithium was 6.2 %, with a separation factor (β<sub>(Al/Li)</sub>) of 4295. The aluminum-bearing organic phase was stripped with 20 % sulfuric acid, at an O/A phase ratio of 1. The recovery of aluminum attained 98.6 % after a stripping time of 4 min. Then, the organic phase was recycled and the inorganic phase was prepared to produce Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. Finally, the high Al<sup>3+</sup> concentration of 11.5 g/L in the acid roasting leachate of overhaul slag was reduced to 4.24 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g/L.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic modelling of the Li-Na-K-OH-SO4-H2O system for lithium hydroxide production simulation 用于氢氧化锂生产模拟的Li-Na-K-OH-SO4-H2O体系热力学建模

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106517

Yanfei Fan , Dongdong Li , Ziyu Zhuang , Dandan Gao , Dewen Zeng

{"title":"Thermodynamic modelling of the Li-Na-K-OH-SO4-H2O system for lithium hydroxide production simulation","authors":"Yanfei Fan , Dongdong Li , Ziyu Zhuang , Dandan Gao , Dewen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The caustic addition process to Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> leachate is a principal industrial process in producing lithium hydroxide. This process relies on the double-decomposition reaction between Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaOH in an aqueous system, followed by cooling to separate Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>∙10H<sub>2</sub>O and evaporation to produce LiOH∙H<sub>2</sub>O. Due to the presence of Na and K impurities in lithium minerals, the operation takes place in the complex aqueous system Li-Na-K-OH-SO<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O. This work describes: (i) the development of a thermodynamic model for the complex Li-Na-K-OH-SO<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O system, (ii) validation of its reliability and (iii) quantitative simulation of lithium-hydroxide production. The results led to four key conclusions: 1) A relatively low concentration (Li < 20 g/L) in the caustic solution prevents the formation of Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>∙3Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>∙12H<sub>2</sub>O, the principal source of lithium loss. 2) The optimal cooling temperature for removing Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>∙10H<sub>2</sub>O is −10 to −15 °C. 3) A moderate evaporation temperature (50–60 °C) is critical for achieving the high recovery of LiOH∙H<sub>2</sub>O in a single cycle. 4) The mother liquor remaining after the crystallisation of LiOH∙H<sub>2</sub>O can be fully recycled. Theoretically, Na and K are completely removed as Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>∙10H<sub>2</sub>O and NaK<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of sulfur-containing functional group-modified resin and its tungsten‑molybdenum adsorption and separation performance with application to waste-alloy leachate 含硫官能团改性树脂的制备及其在废合金渗滤液中的钨钼吸附分离性能

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106515

Tiantian Shi , Liwen Ma , Na Chen , Xiaoli Xi , Zuoren Nie

{"title":"Preparation of sulfur-containing functional group-modified resin and its tungsten‑molybdenum adsorption and separation performance with application to waste-alloy leachate","authors":"Tiantian Shi , Liwen Ma , Na Chen , Xiaoli Xi , Zuoren Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since W and Mo are strategic metals in China, the efficient, clean, and value-added utilization of secondary W and Mo resources is important. Ion-exchange methods using resins for the adsorption of Mo after sulfidation can effectively separate W and Mo, but these methods cause sulfide pollution. In this study, the macroporous anion exchange resin D301, which consists of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer matrix with tertiary amine groups, was modified by ethyl (methylthio) acetate (EA) of molecular formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S to form resin EA-D301. This resin has the following properties: (i) enhanced the efficiency of W and Mo adsorption and separation, (ii) exhibited a dense structure and well-developed pores, (iii) maximum adsorption capacity (Q<sub>W</sub>) of 1062 mg/g for W, and (iv) maximum separation factor (<span><math><msubsup><mi>β</mi><mi>Mo</mi><mi>W</mi></msubsup></math></span>) of 6.95 at pH 7.5 and 25 °C in a W<img>Mo solution with equal metal concentrations of 0.05 mol/L. The adsorption of both W and Mo by EA-D301 was hardly affected by other anions, and Q<sub>W</sub> remained as high as 908 mg/g after ten adsorption-desorption cycles, indicating good stability. The adsorption mechanism was an ion-exchange reaction followed by coordination reactions. When EA-D301 was used to treat actual W<img>Mo waste alloy leachate, a Q<sub>W</sub> of 647 mg/g and a <span><math><msubsup><mi>β</mi><mi>Mo</mi><mi>W</mi></msubsup></math></span> of 4.03 were achieved, demonstrating good performance in industrial applications. The EA-D301 resin is a promising W adsorbent with advantages such as simple synthesis, high adsorption capacity, and environmental friendliness. This resin provides an effective way to extract W and separate W and Mo from various resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recovery of lithium from spent LiFexMn1-xPO4 batteries through a leaching-precipitation method using H2SO4-H2O2-Na2S2O8 用H2SO4-H2O2-Na2S2O8浸出-沉淀法回收废LiFexMn1-xPO4电池中的锂

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106518

Jing Xie , Songwen Xiao , Dongfu Liu , Sizhe Li , Wenhua Xu , Guoxing Ren

{"title":"Recovery of lithium from spent LiFexMn1-xPO4 batteries through a leaching-precipitation method using H2SO4-H2O2-Na2S2O8","authors":"Jing Xie , Songwen Xiao , Dongfu Liu , Sizhe Li , Wenhua Xu , Guoxing Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As high-performance cathode materials, LiFe<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1−x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (LMFP) batteries will become important lithium resources in the foreseeable future. In this study, a novel asynchronous oxidation approach was proposed to selectively recover Li from spent LMFP cathode powders. The spent LMFP powders were first selectively leached with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in sulfuric acid media, and the leachate was oxidatively precipitated with Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, resulting in a Li-rich solution. During this process, Fe and Mn can also be recovered in the form of FePO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and MnPO<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. The effects of the reaction conditions on the reaction efficiency were investigated in detail. The mechanism of lithium selective extraction was studied using thermodynamics and analyses based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The total leaching efficiencies of Li, Fe, and Mn were 93.2 %, 99.9 %, and 97.0 %, respectively, under optimal conditions. A closed-loop process was finally proposed for recycling spent LMFP cathode powders. The process is environmentally friendly and economically feasible based on the technoeconomic analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pore structure evolution and mechanism of plugging during dissolution-erosion of acid leaching minerals from uranium-bearing sandstone 含铀砂岩酸浸矿物溶蚀过程孔隙结构演化及堵塞机理

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106511

Jiayin Song , Bing Sun , Qiue Cai , Junzhe Li , Hao Li , Sheng Zeng

{"title":"Pore structure evolution and mechanism of plugging during dissolution-erosion of acid leaching minerals from uranium-bearing sandstone","authors":"Jiayin Song , Bing Sun , Qiue Cai , Junzhe Li , Hao Li , Sheng Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral dissolution and erosion during the leaching of uranium-bearing sandstone have profound effects on the evolution of pore structure and uranium leaching rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to characterise mineral changes and pore structure evolution in samples. The results indicate that during the in situ leaching process, feldspar was transformed into clay minerals and quartz. Dolomite and calcite completely dissolved and formed a large amount of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which increased the content of CaSO<sub>4</sub>. The CaSO<sub>4</sub> and MgSiO<sub>3</sub> precipitated particles formed in the reaction blocked the pores or migrated with the leaching solution, and the porosity of the sandstone initially decreased and then increased. Furthermore, the pores were divided into micropores, mesopores, and macropores, and combined with NMR fractal theory, it was found that the pore structure of sandstone exhibited multifractal characteristics. The obtained pore fractal dimension had a positive correlation with quartz, dolomite, calcite, and feldspar contents, whereas the other mineral components showed a negative correlation. This study provides a theoretical reference for understanding the mechanism of pore plugging and optimising the deplugging process in acid leaching for uranium extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recovery of pure metal sulfate solutions from a synthetic sulfuric acid leachate of base-rare earth metals representing spent Ni-MH batteries through selective precipitation, stepwise ionic-liquid/solvent extraction and stripping 通过选择性沉淀、离子-液体/溶剂分步萃取和汽提，从废镍氢电池碱基稀土金属合成硫酸渗滤液中回收纯金属硫酸盐溶液

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106510

Seol Ho Yun, Ji Hyeok Jeon, Man Seung Lee

{"title":"Recovery of pure metal sulfate solutions from a synthetic sulfuric acid leachate of base-rare earth metals representing spent Ni-MH batteries through selective precipitation, stepwise ionic-liquid/solvent extraction and stripping","authors":"Seol Ho Yun, Ji Hyeok Jeon, Man Seung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries contain cobalt, manganese, nickel, and rare earth elements. To meet the demand for these critical metals, it is essential to recover them from secondary resources. In this study, separation experiments were conducted to recover pure cobalt, manganese and nickel solutions from a synthetic sulfuric acid leachate of spent Ni-MH batteries. The synthetic solutions employed in this study contained Co(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Ce(III), La(III), and Nd(III). First, Fe(III) was removed by precipitation as Fe(OH)₃ at room temperature. Second, an ionic liquid prepared by reacting Aliquat 336 and Cyanex 272 was used to selectively extract Zn(II) and REEs(III) from the filtrate. Third, Co(II) and Mn(II) were simultaneously extracted using saponified Cyanex 272, leaving pure Ni(II) in the raffinate. Fourth, after stripping of Co(II) and Mn(II) from the loaded Cyanex 272, Mn(II) was selectively extracted over Co(II) with D2EHPA. The optimal conditions for each separation step were determined by analyzing the effects of various parameters. As a result, a process consisted of precipitation and solvent extraction was proposed to recover pure cobalt, manganese and nickel sulfate solutions from the synthetic sulfuric acid leachate of spent Ni-MH batteries. Moreover, all separation processes were carried out at room temperature, reducing energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical review on selective separation of scandium and iron from aqueous solutions 水溶液中钪和铁的选择性分离研究进展

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Hydrometallurgy Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106514

Triveni Gangadari, Mohammad Rezaee, Sarma V. Pisupati

{"title":"A critical review on selective separation of scandium and iron from aqueous solutions","authors":"Triveni Gangadari, Mohammad Rezaee, Sarma V. Pisupati","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for scandium (Sc), driven by its irreplaceable role in various applications and limited primary resources, has promoted research into its extraction from secondary sources. These sources, however, often contain substantial levels of impurities, particularly iron (Fe), complicating selective Sc separation due to their chemical similarities in aqueous systems. Common separation techniques include precipitation, solvent extraction, and solid-phase extraction. However, the overlapping precipitation windows of Sc(III) and Fe(III) with common ligands, such as hydroxides and carbonates, necessitate exploring alternative cation and anion combinations. This review compiles and evaluates rare but promising examples of selective Sc precipitation, including the use of ammonium hydroxide and combinations of ammonium ions and sulfate ligands. Additionally, various solvent extractants containing phosphorus and nitrogen-based functional groups are examined. While phosphorus-based extractants typically exhibit strong binding to Sc, they pose stripping challenges. Therefore, this review aims to: (i) provide a concise overview of Sc applications, market and sources, (ii) evaluate potential mitigation strategies for difficulty in Sc stripping, involving modifiers or synergistic solvent extractant systems, (iii) assess solid-phase extraction methods, such as ion-exchange or adsorption, which offers distinct advantages over solvent extraction, (iv) systematically analyze various reagents and physicochemical parameters influencing Sc(III) and Fe(III) separation, including functional groups, ligands, complexing agents, ionic radius and hydration enthalpy, (v) discuss the role of ligands such as chlorides, malonates, EDTA which have been reported to induce selective speciation between Sc and Fe, and (vi) critically examine the aqueous chemistry and physicochemical behavior of Sc and Fe species, with a focus on addressing the separation challenges posed by Fe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 106514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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