Hydrometallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting purity of ammonium para-tungstate (APT) prepared from wolframite ((Fe, Mn)WO4) concentrate by NaHSO4·H2O roasting, water/ammonia leaching and evaporation crystallization","authors":"Ting Pu ,&nbsp;Zanhong Chen ,&nbsp;Yinliang Liu ,&nbsp;Haodong Hu ,&nbsp;Yong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional alkaline decomposition process for tungsten ore is facing significant challenges, including release of large amounts of hazardous waste and lengthy procedures. A previously proposed novel process for scheelite using NaHSO₄·H₂O roasting yielded ammonium para-tungstate (APT) of high-purity. However, the applicability of this method to wolframite ((Fe, Mn)WO₄) concentrate remains uncertain. In this work, the process of wolframite decomposition by NaHSO₄·H₂O roasting for the preparation of APT was systematically investigated. It was found that 98.6 % of the tungsten in wolframite can be converted into WO₃ under the conditions of 3.0 times the stoichiometric amount of NaHSO₄·H₂O, a roasting temperature of 650 °C and a roasting time of 120 min. The main phases in the roasted product were WO₃, MnSO₄, and 3Na₂SO₄·Fe₂(SO₄)₃. Additionally, the water leaching conditions for WO₃ enrichment of the roasted product were investigated. At a liquid–solid ratio of 6:1 mL/g, a stirring rate of 300 rpm, a leaching time of 180 min and a leaching temperature of 25 °C, the removal efficiencies of Fe and Mn in the roasted product were 96.5 % and 99.3 %, respectively. Consequently, the concentration of WO₃ in the water-leaching product (residue) enriched from 25.2 % to 93.1 %. Furthermore, at an ammonia concentration of 4 mol/L, a liquid–solid ratio of 4:1 mL/g, a dissolution temperature of 80 °C, and a stirring rate of 350 rpm, the leaching efficiency of WO₃ in the WO₃ enrichment reached 98.5 % after 120 min. Subsequently, an APT product of high purity was obtained through impurity removal and evaporation crystallization. Overall, the results showed that NaHSO₄·H₂O roasting method has a broad range of applications in the decomposition of tungsten ore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of rare earth oxide (nano and micro sized crystalline) materials: Preparation from rare earth chlorides, characterisation and applications","authors":"Shengnan Lin ,&nbsp;Tingan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the exceptional performance and irreplaceable nature of materials containing rare earth metals, their application across various fields of modern society is increasingly widespread. China possesses substantial reserves and abundant resources of rare earth elements, which confer a unique edge in their research and application. However, challenges such as an oversupply of low-end products and a shortage of high-end products hinder the advancement of processing science and technology. For the first time, this paper provides a comprehensive summary of the current processes used worldwide, and research for the preparation of rare earth oxides (REOs) from rare earth chlorides (RECs), and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of these processes. To address the issues of the need for additional conversion agents and wastewater discharge in the preparation of REOs from RECs, this review based on previous work proposes the preparation of REOs through ion membrane electro-conversion based on the chlor–alkali industry and discusses their development and application. Finally, the paper forecasts the future development trends in the preparation processes of REOs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thermodynamic and kinetic study of efficient selenium removal from highly acidic TeCl4 solution using tellurium powder","authors":"Wenqiu Wang,&nbsp;Huazhen Cao,&nbsp;Weilun Qian,&nbsp;Anyang Tang,&nbsp;Junfeng Kong,&nbsp;Lining Yu,&nbsp;Zhengzheng Liu,&nbsp;Huibin Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-purity tellurium is in high demand for applications in high-tech fields such as semiconductors and solar cells. To produce high-purity tellurium, one of the challenges is to effectively reduce selenium content of telluride (IV) solution. This study reports the thermodynamic and kinetic analysis for selenium removal by tellurium powder substitution in a TeCl₄ solution. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the separation window of tellurium and selenium significantly varies with pH. Solutions of weak acidity or basicity are unfavorable for the separation of these two elements. In highly acidic systems, tellurium coexists with selenite ions in the form of Te⁴⁺ ions, and the redox equilibrium potential values for E(Te⁴⁺/Te) and E(H₂SeO₃/Se) significantly differ, indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of selenium removal through tellurium powder replacement. Under optimal reaction condition, the selenium removal efficiency in highly acidic tellurium tetrachloride could reach ∼99.9 % with a residual selenium concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Kinetic studies indicated that selenium removal by tellurium powder substitution is primarily controlled by a chemical reaction with an apparent activation energy of 84.6 kJ/mol. This study provides a simple but efficient method for of selenium impurity removal toward high-purity tellurium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uses of H2 and CO2 gases in hydrometallurgical processes: Potential towards sustainable pretreatment, metal production and carbon neutrality","authors":"Jae-chun Lee ,&nbsp;Kurniawan Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Yong Jae Suh ,&nbsp;Banshi Dhar Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrometallurgical practices represent a vital area of focus within the metallurgical sector, and it is critical that these practices are carried out in an environmentally friendly manner in order to promote sustainability and responsible processing. One promising approach is the use of hydrogen gas (H₂), known for its ‘green’ properties, along with the pollutant carbon dioxide (CO₂), at various stages within the unit operations relevant to hydrometallurgical processes. This review provides a detailed overview of the utilization of H₂ and CO₂ gases, encompassing key stages including pretreatment, leaching, and metal recovery. Theoretical underpinnings are also provided for each stage, along with an overview of cutting-edge approaches such as application of supercritical CO₂. Challenges and future directions associated with H₂ and CO₂ utilization are also discussed. This review serves an important step towards advancing sustainable hydrometallurgical processes promoting carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of amino acid side chain structure on the leaching behavior of copper from printed circuit boards","authors":"Idol Phann,&nbsp;Sae Yamamoto,&nbsp;Tamer Shubair,&nbsp;Naoko Okibe","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the potential of 15 biological amino acids as eco-friendly lixiviants for copper (Cu) extraction from printed circuit boards (PCBs) under alkaline conditions. The Cu leaching behaviors, complexation mechanisms, and the effect of temperature were examined. The amino acids were classified by their Cu leaching efficiencies: Type-I (Gly, Val, Ala, Arg, His, Lys), Type-II (Pro, Glu, Asp, Thr, Ser), and Type-III (Asn, Gln, Met, Cys). Type-I amino acids achieved &gt;90 % Cu leaching, while Type-II showed moderate dissolution. Type-III formed solid Cu-amino acid complexes as confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses. Increasing temperatures enhanced Cu leaching in both Type-I and Type-II, particularly during the initial stages. Minimal dissolution of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) was observed at pH 10–12 and Eh 0–200 mV, allowing for selective Cu dissolution in liquid or solid phases. Aliphatic and polar positively charged amino acids were the most effective due to their ability to form stable bi- and/or tridentate complexes, while carboxyl- and alcohol-containing side chains hindered Cu dissolution. The precipitation of solid Cu-amino acid complexes was attributed to amide and sulfur-containing side chains, as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur can form strong coordination bonds with Cu. This is the first study to evaluate the role of amino acid side chain structures in Cu leaching from e-waste and highlights the potential of less commonly studied amino acids in hydrometallurgical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching of metals from electronic waste using carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents: Preliminary laboratory studies and molecular modelling","authors":"Magdalena Emmons-Burzyńska ,&nbsp;Eryk Jędrzejczak ,&nbsp;Adam Piasecki ,&nbsp;Łukasz Ławniczak ,&nbsp;Magdalena Regel-Rosocka ,&nbsp;Marcin Wysokowski","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the intricate chemistry of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly those formed with carboxylic acids and choline chloride, highlighting their effectiveness in metal leaching and the potential for sustainable recovery of valuable materials from electronic waste. The utilization of DESs in this context demonstrates a promising avenue for advancing eco-friendly methods in the treatment of electronic waste, contributing to both resource recovery and environmental management. It has been found that especially natural eutectic solvents, with lactic acid as the hydrogen bond donor, could provide a green alternative to conventional methods of processing electronic waste and recovery of strategically important metals, which remain crucial in order to meet the demand of the exponentially increasing electronics production. Lactic acid-based DES (Lac-DES) showed higher selectivity in Cu leaching over Ag, compared to other DESs, while oxalic acid-based DES (Ox-DES), surprisingly, appeared to leach selectively only silver (up to 40%) in the presence of H₂O₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of Dy(III), Yb(III) and Y(III) by ultrafiltration using a rotating disk membrane based on shear-enhanced complexation to recover heavy rare earth elements in process wastewater: Laboratory studies and DFT calculations","authors":"Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenglin Liu,&nbsp;Yunren Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective separation and recovery of heavy rare earth elements from wastewater presents a significant challenge. This work successfully achieved the separation and recovery of Dy(III), Yb(III), and Y(III) from wastewater using shear-induced dissociation-ultrafiltration technology with acidic phosphoric chitosan (aPCS) as the complexing agent. Unlike traditional methods that depend on organic solvents, this process requires no additional chemicals, enhancing environmental sustainability. The critical shear rates for de-complexation of aPCS-RE complexes were identified, and the separation coefficients <em>β</em>_{<em>Y/Dy</em>}, <em>β</em>_{<em>Y/Yb</em>}, and <em>β</em>_{<em>Dy/Yb</em>} were calculated as 15.8, 21.1, and 14.8, respectively. The shear effect significantly enhanced membrane flux and mitigated fouling, representing a notable advantage over conventional filtration techniques. Additionally, DFT calculations revealed that the interactions of aPCS with rare earth metal ions were mainly ionic and that charge transfer played an important role in the stability difference of aPCS-RE complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of P(V) salts in inhibiting CaCO3 precipitation in the uranium in-situ leaching process using CO2 and O2","authors":"Yang Lanzhi ,&nbsp;Ke Pingchao ,&nbsp;Xu Lingling ,&nbsp;Li Guangrong ,&nbsp;Zhao Kai ,&nbsp;Yang Feifan ,&nbsp;Zhou Yipeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addition of chemical agents to inhibit the CaCO₃ precipitation process is a potential way to solve the blocking problem in the industrial in situ leaching process for uranium recovery. This research investigated the role of P(V) added as sodium hexametaphosphate ((NaPO₃)₆), anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇), and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na₅P₃O₁₀) as inhibitors for the precipitation of CaCO₃ in supersaturated solutions of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻. The results indicated that the three inhibitors prevented the formation and growth of CaCO₃ and Na₅P₃O₁₀ showed the best performance. In the aqueous phase Ca²⁺ coordinated with P(V) ions to form complex anions of Ca-phosphates including CaHP₂O₇^—, CaP₂O₇²⁻, CaHP₃O₁₀²⁻, and CaP₃O₁₀³⁻. The role of P(V) as an inhibitor was attributed to the adsorption of P(V) species including Ca<img>P complex anions and phosphate anions on the calcite surface to form an amorphous protective layer which prevented further precipitation of CaCO₃ phase. Moreover, dosage threshold of Na₅P₃O₁₀ was experimentally determined to be 2 mg/L. This dosage gave a CaCO₃ precipitation inhibition efficiency higher than 90 %. Injection of inhibitors had no negative effect on the in situ leaching of uranium by CO₂ and O₂ and subsequent ion exchange adsorption process for uranium recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotopic ratios of 234U/238U in in-situ uranium leach liquors and their application to evaluate residual uranium in the orebody","authors":"Vladimir S. Semenishchev,&nbsp;Svetlana M. Titova","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper summarizes results from long-term observations of the (²³⁴U/²³⁸U) activity ratios in in-situ uranium leach liquors produced in a uranium mining plant. Measurements of the activity ratios of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U were performed from March 2018 to November 2022 in liquors from new and old leaching wells. The results have shown a significant dominance of ²³⁴U (²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios up to 2.27) in the pregnant leach solution (PLS) collected from the well during the first 3–6 months. The real ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios differed significantly from those values reported in the literature for in-vitro lab experiments that can be explained by the scaling effect. A method for evaluation of minimum residual amount of uranium in the ore body, which is potentially available for leaching was suggested based on the results of long-term monitoring of the ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of flowsheets for tungsten recovery from scheelite, wolframite and secondary resources and challenges for sustainable production","authors":"Yuanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Huo ,&nbsp;Xueyi Guo ,&nbsp;Jianhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten finds numerous industrial applications owing to its excellent physicochemical properties and applications in high-tech material production, which make tungsten containing ores, minerals and scrap material strategic raw materials/resources. Tungsten extractive metallurgy (TEM) is a vital process in the tungsten industry for producing diverse high-purity products from raw tungsten-containing minerals. This paper systematically reviews the flowsheets of TEM processes and related sustainability challenges, providing valuable insights and establishing guidelines for making these processes more eco-friendly and economically viable. Classical early-stage TEM processes primarily rely on the decomposition of scheelite (CaWO₄) by HCl and feature lengthy procedures, low WO₃ recoveries, and a high reagent consumption. In comparison, recently developed flowsheets combine NaOH/soda high-pressure digestion and solvent extraction/ion exchange which offer several advantages: (i) high raw material adaptability, (ii) high tungsten utilization efficiency, (iii) high product quality, and (iv) operation simplicity. However, recently developed flowsheets exhibit several drawbacks: (i) high reagent consumption, (ii) discharge of large volumes of high-salinity wastewater, and (iii) production of alkaline leach residues classified as hazardous solid waste. Although recent developments have partially addressed the issues of wastewater and residue discharge, further research is required to assess the economic viability of these processes and their adaptability to raw materials. A sustainable TEM process requires the consideration of both practicality and eco-friendliness in the flowsheets, including the following: (i) adaptability to the growing complexity of raw materials, (ii) tungsten utilization efficiency, (iii) solution recycling, and (iv) comprehensive utilization of other valuable components. This study aims to provide insights into TEM flowsheets and establish guidelines for the development of environmentally friendly and economical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}