Hydrometallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Selective extraction of silver from jarosite residues produced in the zinc hydrometallurgical process using thiourea under acidic conditions: Kinetic analysis and leaching optimization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, an industrial hazardous jarosite residue produced in the zinc hydrometallurgical process containing silver was used to evaluate the feasibility of using thiourea (Tu) for silver leaching under acidic conditions in the presence of oxalate (C₂O₄²⁻ ion denoted as Ox²⁻). The shrinking core kinetic model (SCKM) was applied to evaluate the effect of variables on the reaction rate. The chemical reaction of H₃O⁺ with the jarosite surface was the controlling stage. The results of batch experiments revealed that silver extraction is influenced by various factors in the descending order: pH &gt; T (temperature) &gt; [Tu] (thiourea concentration) &gt; [Ox²⁻] (oxalate concentration). The extraction efficiency of Ag was 98 % at high levels of both T and [H₂SO₄], although a higher [Tu] was required. High Tu consumption was associated with the stability of Tu due to the presence of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions leached along with Ag⁺, which affect the redox potential catalyzing Tu oxidation. Temperature is the most effective variable with a reaction rate constant of k_exp = 1.1 min⁻¹ at 60 °C, but it causes a decrease in silver extraction to 92.5 %. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the SCKM; furthermore, the experimental results were statistically validated through a surface response experimental design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on ultrasonic assisted intensive leaching of germanium from germanium concentrate using HCl/NaOCl","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultrasonic radiation is widely used in the enhancement of leaching process with outstanding advantages in leaching efficiency. In this study, a germanium concentrate was leached with NaClO and the influence of factors such as ultrasound power and oxidant addition on the leaching efficiency of germanium from the concentrate were investigated. The leaching efficiency of germanium reached 96.8% at the initial concentration of hydrochloric acid of 8 mol/L, the oxidant dosage of 1.5 g/L NaClO, the liquid-solid volume/mass ratio of 6 mL/g, the ultrasonic power density of 13.3 W/cm³, and the stirring speed of 300 rpm for 30 min at 60 °C. The leaching efficiency was 4.50% higher at a shorter leaching time and lower temperature, than that of the conventional process, which was mainly attributed to the ultrasonic multiple effects and NaClO. Meanwhile, NaClO can effectively oxidize As(III) into non-volatile As(V), remove arsenic in germanium, facilitate the subsequent distillation, improve the leaching efficiency, and be more environmentally friendly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of non-reactive solute transport models for the evaluation of fluid flow in packed beds with implications for heap leaching practice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106395","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study investigated the effects of mean particle size fraction, bottom particle size, particle porosity and wettability on solution scale preferential flow behaviour via step input tracer tests in drip irrigated, narrowly and mixed-sized beds under steady state fluid flux. Nine solute transport models were used to quantify this behaviour reflected in the residence time distribution (RTD) profiles. Four were empirical models: three compartmental model configurations (CM-1, CM-2, CM-3) and tanks-in-series (TIS) model. The remainder five models were semi-empirical: advection dispersion (AD), piston exchange (PE), piston exchange - diffusion variant (PE-D), piston dispersion and exchange (PDE) and piston dispersion and exchange - diffusion variant (PDE&lt;img&gt;D). The model fit results showed that the mono-porosity TIS, AD and CM-2 models were the worst performers, while the dual porosity PDE and novel PDE-D models achieved the lowest average error values across the various systems. Higher levels of particle wettability coupled with capillary effects produced peculiar RTD curves that were relatively more difficult for the mono-porosity models to simulate. The model parameters investigated included the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ds&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), dead to total volume fraction (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), dynamic to total saturation fraction (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), overall mass transfer coefficient (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and maximum diffusional pore length (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;X&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The results showed that an increase in the average particle size within the beds led to higher &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ds&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;X&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values, but lower &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values. These indicate an overall increase in solution scale preferential flow behaviour. Decreased capillary suction and connectivity between particle pores and inter-particle voids were deemed responsible for the results. Higher levels of particle porosity acted as a buffer against these effects. Overall, the results highlight the benefit of the addition of fines (0.1–1 mm particles) during the agglomeration process in heaps to help reduce solution scale preferential flow behaviour and increase liquid hold-up. This is more necessary when the ore has low to moderate levels of porosity (surface area: &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;2 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/g) and will also increase the modelling options availab","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anion exchange recovery of rhenium from industrial liquors followed by direct synthesis of a rhenium halide salt","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, the sorption of perrhenate ions from sulfuric acid liquors was studied using three types of polymer ion exchange resins. An anion exchange resin type 1 (a copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine with divinylbenzene (VP-DVB)) as well as two polyfunctional resins containing anion and cation exchange functional groups, namely, type 2 (a carboxylated VP-DVB with pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (picolinic acid) functional group) and type 3 (an aminophosphorylated VP-DVB with pyridine-2-[(methylamino)methyl]phosphonic acid functional group), were studied. The resins before and after rhenium sorption were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy. The incorporation of additional acidic functional groups into the polymer matrix of the VP-DVB resins led to a slight decrease in the rhenium anion exchange capacity. At the same time, polyfunctional resins make it possible to strip rhenium with hydrochloric acid. A completely new process for the preconcentration of rhenium as a halide compound, which will contribute to the low-cost production of metallic rhenium, can be implemented using these new polyfunctional resins. Column sorption experiments using real uranium leach liquors demonstrated an exchange capacity of 33.2 mg of Re per gram of resin and a concentration factor in the eluate of ∼2500. The possibility of anion exchange recovery of rhenium from uranium leach liquors by Type 3 resin followed by direct precipitation of potassium hexachlororhenate from hydrochloric acid desorption liquor was demonstrated. The present study provided a new resin for rhenium recovery with excellent adsorption and elution characteristics, which is a promising candidate for practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochloric acid leaching of rare earth elements from a novel source of deep-sea sediments and advantage of reduction with H2O2","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the mineralogy of a novel resource of deep-sea sediments containing rare earth elements (REEs) was investigated, along with the leaching of REEs using hydrochloric acid. The results revealed that, apart from 62.0% of the Ce found in the Mn oxides, the other REEs in the deep-sea sediments mostly existed in hydroxyapatite mineral which can be easily decomposed via a hydrochloric acid leaching. An optimized REEs leaching percentage of 89.5% was achieved using 2.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid as the leaching agent, with a liquid-solid ratio of 4:1, at 60 °C for 30 min. However, Mn oxides remained stable during the leaching process, resulting in a low Ce leaching percentage of 30.7%. Under the optimized conditions, Mn oxides could be decomposed by adding 30% H₂O₂ as a reducing agent, leading to improved leaching percentages of Ce and REEs to 86.6% and 93.2%, respectively. The high leaching efficiency of REEs may further increase the utilization potential of this novel resource.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally friendly non-saponification solvent extraction and separation process for RE(III) (RE = Eu, Gd and Tb) in acetic acid solution using HEHEHP/n-heptane","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The key to achieving sustainable metal extraction development is to avoid the generation of high-salt wastewater from the source. Here, a new system for the extraction and separation of lanthanide elements Eu(III), Gd(III) and Tb(III) from the acetic acid solution using HEHEHP (2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2-ethylhexylphosphonate) was studied. The corresponding parameters including contact time, HEHEHP concentration, concentrations of rare earth metal ions and acetic acid in the initial solution, aqueous/organic phase volume ratio (R_(A/O)), and temperature were considered to optimize the conditions for the separation of different rare earth elements. The results showed that the separation coefficients of Tb(III)/Gd(III) and Gd(III)/Eu(III) in the acetic acid system were approximately 6.2 and 1.7, with HEHEHP of 0.15 mol/L and R_(A/O) of 2:1, and the extraction efficiency of RE(III) reached approximately 73.1%, which was higher than that in the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid systems. The mechanism associated with the extraction reaction was evaluated and discussed by the maximum loading capacity method, chromatographic analysis, and FT-IR spectrometric analysis. The mechanism followed a cation exchange reaction and acetic acid did not participate in the extraction process. The feasibility of the separation of Tb(III) from Eu(III) and Gd(<em>III</em>)was also given in terms of the separation coefficients between different elements at different extraction conditions. Since saponification is not necessary in the acetic acid extraction system, it can considerably reduce wastewater discharge to the ecological environment from the source.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold recovery from chloride leach solution of TCCA using D301 anion exchange resin and elution with thiourea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), which is used for gold leaching, is an alternative to cyanidation due to its lower toxicity and higher efficiency. This study investigated the gold recovery procedures from highly effective chloride leaching solution using the D301 resin. This approach prevented the inhibition of gold adsorption when using activated carbon. Herein, the optimal conditions for gold adsorption were discussed, including establishing adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and calculating adsorption activation energy. Additionally, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) techniques were used to reveal the mechanism of gold adsorption using D301 resin. Under optimal conditions (pH 4.0, temperature 25 °C, time 120 min), an average adsorption percentage of 99.2% was achieved. Analysis of the adsorption data confirmed that gold adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The calculated activation energy was 9.69 kJ mol⁻¹, indicating a predominance of physical adsorption involving ion exchange reactions with protonated tertiary amine groups in the D301 resin beads. Furthermore, among various eluents tested in desorption experiments, a solution containing a mixture of thiourea and hydrochloric acid with 0.4 mol L⁻¹ and 0.8 mol L⁻¹, respectively, demonstrated superior efficiency, achieving a successful desorption percentage reaching 95.7 ± 0.3% within 80 min. After three cycles of resin regeneration, the regeneration efficiency reached 91.2% while maintaining an average adsorption percentage of 95.3%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and selective recovery of Mo and V from spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts via oxidation roasting followed by Na2CO3 and NaOH leaching","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts containing large amounts of valuable metals, such as Mo and V, are hazardous solid wastes but also valuable secondary resources. However, the current recovery process suffers from the difficulty of balancing the leaching efficiency of Mo and V and their selectivity over Al. This work focused on the effect of phase transformation during roasting operation on the leaching behavior Mo, V, and Al and adopted an oxidation roasting followed by mixed alkali of Na₂CO₃ and NaOH leaching process to recover Mo and V from spent HDS catalysts. The results indicated that the phase transformation of Mo, V, and Al species during oxidation roasting process played a crucial role in achieving efficient leaching of Mo and V, as well as reducing leaching efficiency of Al. This transformation involved the change in Mo and V species changed from low valent compounds to high valent oxides, and Al₂O₃ from γ-phase to θ- and α-phases. In addition, efficient and selective leaching of 99.3% Mo and 97.8% V was realized, with only 0.03% Al being dissolved, by roasting the spent catalysts at 700 °C for 2 h and then leaching with a mixed solution of 1.2 mol/L Na₂CO₃ and 1.6 mol/L NaOH. The efficient and selective leaching of Mo and V can significantly reduce the burden of subsequent separation and purification, which provided an important prerequisite for the development of a new process for the recovery of Mo and V from HDS spent catalysts in alkaline systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient ammoximation and regeneration of degraded hydroxyoxime CP150 over TS-1 molecular sieve/H2O2 system and reuse for solvent extraction of Cu(II)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The regeneration of failed hydroxyoxime extractants in the copper hydrometallurgy industry is crucial. However, the existing regeneration system has limitations in terms of operability, yield, and environmental friendliness, which restricts its industrial application. This paper presents a clean one-pot ammoximation regeneration system for the in-situ preparation of hydroxylamine for the oximation of aldehydes, catalyzed by TS-1 with NH₃ and H₂O₂. It was tailored based on the characteristics of the degraded organic phase produced by long-term operation at the copper solvent extraction site. The developed system demonstrates an excellent regeneration conversion efficiency (&gt;90%) for the degraded copper-extracted organic phase. Following regeneration, the copper extraction efficiency of the organic phase reaches the same level as the fresh organic phase and maintains good copper extraction stability even after multiple extraction cycles. Moreover, the phase separation performance was improved through optimization. This regeneration system meets the demand for environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization of degraded waste organic phases in copper extraction systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the transfer of dissolved oxygen in a biological Fe2+ oxidation process using a venturi jet as an intensive aeration system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low bio-production of Fe³⁺ as a leaching agent is one of the main limitations to implementing industrial bio-processes at feasibility conditions. The main limitation of the bio-oxidation process of Fe²⁺ is the low oxygen transfer to the aqueous phase because of the low oxygen solubility. This study assesses the effectiveness of the venturi jet as an innovative and intensive aeration device for overcoming the oxygen limitation in a continuous ferrous oxidation process in a fixed-bed reactor with immobilized <em>acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</em>, in contrast to the conventional diffuser aeration device. Firstly, the influence of the airflow and the influence of the medium concentration were determined for the following parameters for both aeration devices; Volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_La), Standard Oxygen <em>Transfer</em> Rate (SOTR), Standard Aeration Efficiency (SAE), and Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiency (SOTE). Then, both aeration devices were compared in a continuous bio-oxidation process in an up-flow packed bio-reactor (UFPB). The system performance was assessed by monitoring temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen concentration for 69 days. Findings displayed that when aerating with the diffuser, the ferrous oxidation rate was restricted by the low dissolved oxygen availability, being about 1 ppm (1 mg L⁻¹). Under these oxygen-limiting conditions, the maximum ferrous (Fe²⁺) oxidation rate was 9.09 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. However, when aerating with the venturi jet, the dissolved oxygen concentration increased up to 2.70 mg L⁻¹, achieving a maximum of 29.11 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. So, this study has demonstrated that the change in the aeration device has resulted in an improvement in the process, achieving a 3.5-fold increase in the oxidation rate. Furthermore, the venturi jet offered additional advantages over the diffuser, such as requiring less power to deliver the same amount of air, being unaffected by jarosite precipitates, and not requiring a supply of compressed air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}