Hydrometallurgy最新文献

{"title":"X-ray tomography study on the leaching dynamics of, and pore evolution in, large chalcopyrite ore particles during chloride leaching","authors":"Luis Beiza ,&nbsp;Jochen Petersen ,&nbsp;Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissolution of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) in a heap leaching environment is known to progress slowly; this is mainly attributed to the formation of a product layer that inhibits the dissolution of copper from the mineral. Transporting the dissolved ions from the inner regions of the larger particles to the bulk solution through cracks and/or pores might also slow the process. Therefore, a systematic long-term study has been undertaken to determine the presence and propagation of pores, fissures or crack networks in 12–17 mm particles of a sulfide ore containing mainly quartz (SiO₂), chalcopyrite and pyrite (FeS₂) during its dissolution under chloride-rich heap leaching conditions. Each particle was placed in a cylindrical receptacle and flooded with 0.1 mol/L H₂SO₄ solutions at 0, 20 and 150 g/L of chloride (as NaCl) using 0, 0.5 and 1 g/L initial cupric ion as the oxidant and leached for a period of up to 180 days at room temperature (18–22 °C). The generation of cracks and fissures and dissolution of mineral phases were observed using X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) at regular intervals during leaching. Additional experiments were run using 150 g/L Cl⁻ to evaluate acidity from pH -0.4 (1.0 mol/L H₂SO₄) up to pH 3, as well as the effect of temperature at room temperature and 50 °C.</div><div>The results indicated that copper dissolution increased with increasing chloride concentration at room temperature and that the initial presence of cupric ions somewhat enhances the extraction. It was found that between pH 1 and 0.2 (0.1 mol/L H₂SO₄) at 150 g/L Cl⁻ the dissolution is enhanced but inhibited at higher acid concentration. Low acidity (pH 3) promotes the precipitation of Fe that can block the pores and inhibit the dissolution of chalcopyrite. The X-CT scans confirmed that the gradual evolution of fissures and network of cracks over time enhanced the solution contact with the value mineral inside the particles, which then gradually disintegrated. In line with the leaching results, this effect seemed to be intensified at the higher chloride concentrations and when increasing temperature from 20 to 50 °C. The homogenous dissolution of chalcopyrite grains throughout the particle hints at the presence of galvanic coupling with pyrite grains as the key mode of chalcopyrite dissolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable copper recovery from chalcopyrite: Eutectic solvent as a green medium for leaching, in situ electrodeposition, and platform for adsorbent modification: Preliminary attempt for a zero-waste process","authors":"Ueslei G. Favero ,&nbsp;Ygor R. Guimarães ,&nbsp;Nayara T.P. Martins ,&nbsp;Nathan P. Viana ,&nbsp;Guilherme M.D. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Renê C. Silva ,&nbsp;Tiago A. Silva ,&nbsp;Maria C. Hespanhol","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrometallurgical process for extracting copper from chalcopyrite has disadvantages related to energy consumption and pollution due to toxic gas emissions, necessitating the adoption of more sustainable approaches for copper extraction. This study proposes a circular methodology for hydrometallurgy-based leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate, using deep eutectic solvents (DES) composed of methanesulfonic acid and choline salts as green leaching agents, focusing on waste minimization. Evaluation of leaching efficiency was performed varying the anion in the choline salt (chloride, bitartrate, or dihydrogen citrate), the solid/liquid ratio (R_S-L of 0.04 and 0.02 g g⁻¹), and the DES water content (0, 10, and 30 %). After in situ copper electrodeposition directly from the leachate obtained from chalcopyrite leaching, the residue remaining was combined with an agro-industrial biomass waste to prepare a high-performance adsorbent for removing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous media. The DES formed with choline chloride, methanesulfonic acid, and 30 % water, used at R_S-L of 0.04 g g⁻¹, enabled the leaching of 75 % of the copper from chalcopyrite. The redox behavior of the dissolved copper in the DES leachate was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and copper was recovered by electrodeposition as metallic copper with purity of 99 %. The adsorbent exhibited a superior 2,4-D removal capacity of 170 mg g⁻¹, compared to other materials reported in the literature. The proposed process is a proof-of-concept that the use of DES can reduce the number of steps required for recovery of high-purity copper from chalcopyrite. This is a sustainable method that integrates material and energy flows, safely disposes of potentially harmful elements, and achieves zero-waste mining by applying combined circular hydrometallurgy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in siderophore-based technologies for metal biorecovery","authors":"Nazanin Bahaloo-Horeh,&nbsp;Farzaneh Sadri","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Siderophores are low-molecular-weight, metal-chelating biometabolites that exhibit the ability to bind iron and other metal ions with high selectivity. Over 500 structurally distinct siderophores have been identified, offering diverse coordination mechanisms for potential metal complexation. Recent research has investigated their use in extracting metals from both primary and secondary sources, including ores, mine tailings, electronic waste, and industrial effluents—primarily under laboratory conditions. This review critically examines reported findings across various metal–siderophore systems, evaluating factors such as leaching parameters, synergistic use with co-lixiviants, and integration into hybrid approaches. However, no commercial applications currently exist, and significant economic and technical barriers—particularly high production costs and scalability challenges—limit practical viability. This review aims to consolidate current scientific understanding, highlight existing limitations, and outline realistic future research directions focused on overcoming technical and economic constraints to broader implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the sodium molybdate leaching of molybdenum calcine","authors":"Jiayu Mi ,&nbsp;Xingyu Chen ,&nbsp;Ailiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xuheng Liu ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Li ,&nbsp;Lihua He ,&nbsp;Fenglong Sun ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ammonia leaching-purification-crystallization process is the conventional treatment method of molybdenum calcine. This process generates large amounts of nitrogen-containing wastewater and exhaust gases. Based on the self-coordination principle of Mo, where MoO₃ with low-polymerization ability combines with Na₂MoO₄ into highly polymerized polymolybdates, this study proposes a novel, green leaching process using Na₂MoO₄ for the selective extraction of Mo from molybdenum calcine. Leaching conditions were optimized, and the reaction mechanism was elucidated through the identification of solids using XRD, EDS mapping, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that under optimal conditions, the leaching efficiency reached 98.6 %. Molybdenum from MoO₃, PbMoO₄, and FeMoO₄ phases in the calcine was effectively extracted, while Fe and Pb oxides remained in the leach residue as PbO and Fe₂O₃·1.2H₂O, respectively. In the leachate, Mo existed primarily as Mo₇O₂₄⁶⁻, HMo₇O₂₄⁵⁻, and MoO₄²⁻. This study presents an environmentally friendly process for extracting Mo from molybdenum calcine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries based on a green and efficient leaching system of dimethyl-β-propionic acid thiophene (DMPT)","authors":"Huiying Shi ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Ying Deng ,&nbsp;Jianhao Dai ,&nbsp;Jianfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Leming Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represents the terminal phase of the new energy industry chain and plays a pivotal role in resource conservation and environmental protection. Despite increasing attention, the development of green and efficient recycling strategies remains a substantial challenge. In recent years, various environmentally benign solvents—including supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)—have been explored to promote the sustainable recycling of LIBs. Among these, the application of biomass-derived reagents (BDRs) has emerged as a promising approach due to their renewability and low environmental impact. In this study, a novel leaching strategy employing the natural organic molecule dimethyl-β-propionic acid thiophene (DMPT) is proposed for the efficient and environmentally friendly recovery of valuable metals from spent ternary LIB cathodes. Leveraging the synergistic action of carboxyl functional groups and chloride ions inherent in the DMPT structure, leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 98.7 %, 97.2 %, 97.8 %, and 98.3 %, respectively. The leaching reactions and products were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Compared with conventional hydrometallurgical processes, this DMPT-based method eliminates the need for strong acids, bases, or additional reducing agents, thus minimizing secondary pollution. The proposed approach offers a green, sustainable, and effective alternative for the recovery of critical metals from spent LIBs, and holds significant potential for future industrial application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of rare earth element extraction from coal byproducts using supercritical CO2","authors":"Uthej Veerla ,&nbsp;Long Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REEs) in modern technologies has led to growing interest in their efficient recovery from alternative sources. Coal ash, a waste product from coal combustion, has been identified as a potential reservoir of valuable REEs, with concentrations ranging from 270 to 1480 mg/kg. This study investigates the recovery of REEs from various ranks of coal ashes using environmentally benign supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) with tributyl phosphate (TBP) and nitric acid (HNO₃) as complexing agents. It suggests the optimal extraction conditions for potential industrial application. Experimental results indicate that sub-bituminous coal ash exhibits the highest REE recovery (60 %), followed by bituminous (48 %) and anthracite (38 %). The extraction mechanism involves three key steps: (1) dissolution of metal oxides into metal ions using HNO₃, (2) complexation of metal ions with TBP, and (3) extraction and dissolution of metal complexes in SC-CO₂. The optimum extraction conditions were determined at 60 °C, 2175 psi (15 MPa), a solid-to-chelating-agent ratio of 10:1, 120-min residence time, and TBP-HNO₃ ratio of 1:5. Under these conditions, anthracite ash achieved a recovery of 120 mg/L, bituminous ash 330 mg/L, and sub-bituminous ash 180 mg/L. The five-stage purification process that effectively purified REEs by reducing impurities such as Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Mn with minimal environmental impact due to CO₂ recyclability. This research highlights supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as a green, scalable alternative for REEs recovery, supporting circular economy principles and offering an estimated $4.3 billion annual economic potential from U.S. coal ash.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-enhanced leaching of magnesium and iron from iron-bearing serpentine tailings","authors":"Wenjia Kou ,&nbsp;Wengang Liu ,&nbsp;Wenbao Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Zuo ,&nbsp;Weichao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the utilization of valuable metal components in iron-bearing serpentine tailings, leaching experiments were conducted with microwave pretreatment, and the leaching conditions were optimized. The MgO and total Fe (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) leaching efficiencies reached 97.0 % and 50.9 %, respectively, using 3.0 wt% fluorite (CaF₂) powder (relative to the raw ore mass), 400 W microwave pretreatment for 3 min, 70 °C reaction temperature, 30 min reaction time, 4.0 mol/L sulfuric acid, 4:1 liquid–solid ratio (mL/g), and 300 rpm stirring speed. Therefore, microwave pretreatment significantly improves the leaching efficiencies of magnesium and iron in iron-bearing serpentine tailings with the assistance of fluorite. This is because hematite in the iron-bearing serpentine tailings is less reactive toward sulfuric acid in the conventional leaching process. By contrast, microwave irradiation alters the phase composition of hematite in the serpentine tailings, enhancing its reactivity with sulfuric acid and thus facilitating iron leaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced gallium and germanium recovery from zinc pressure leachate via zinc powder cementation","authors":"Dongfeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuai Rao ,&nbsp;Xingbin Li ,&nbsp;Niangao Teng ,&nbsp;Zhigan Deng ,&nbsp;Hongyang Cao ,&nbsp;Dongxing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial extraction of Ga and Ge from zinc concentrate has been achieved; however, their recoveries remain relatively low because of dispersion during various procedures. This study thoroughly investigated the distribution behavior and precipitation mechanism of Ga and Ge from zinc pressure leachate into refinery residue. Process mineralogical investigations demonstrated that Ga primarily precipitated through the formation of jarosite, while Ge enrichment was driven by reduction using zinc powder. Controlling the terminal acidity within the range of 6.0–7.0 g/L during pre-neutralization effectively minimized jarosite formation, thereby reducing Ga loss to below 2.0 mg/L. The cementation process was further improved by introducing secondary zinc oxide, followed by zinc powder in a sequential manner. Strategic adjustment of the pH profile—beginning at 1.9–2.1 and concluding at 3.0–3.5—led to residual Ga and Ga concentrations of less than 2.0 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. These conditions enabled production trials to achieve recovery efficiencies above 85 % for Ga and over 96 % for Ge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of arsenic(V) and bismuth in the recovery of antimony by hydrolysis and precipitation from eluates produced during copper electrorefining","authors":"E. Díaz-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;J. Hernández-Saz ,&nbsp;José A. Maldonado Calvo ,&nbsp;J.M. Gallardo ,&nbsp;A. Paúl","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of antimony from side stream is challenging due to impurities like arsenic and bismuth which affect extraction efficiency and product quality. This study examines the individual and combined effects of As and Bi on antimony hydrolysis from eluates produced during copper electrorefining. Synthetic and process eluates were analysed to optimise operating conditions and understand impurity interactions. Hydrolysis experiments across pH values (0.25–0.9) revealed an optimal pH range (0.6–0.7) for maximizing antimony recovery (&gt;90 %) in impurity-free conditions. Arsenic reduced the antimony recovery by 8 %–13 %, destabilising precipitates and forming amorphous phases. Bismuth caused a smaller reduction (3 %–7 %) but had a diminished effect in the presence of As, which dominated the system's chemistry. Process eluates exhibited greater variability, particularly in extraction yields, underscoring the need to validate findings based on synthetic solutions against industrial matrices. This study provides insights into optimizing antimony recovery through impurity management and highlights the value of combining the analyses of synthetic and process eluates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Lithium extraction via ionic liquid coupled electrochemical methods","authors":"Xinyuan Lan ,&nbsp;Rong Liu ,&nbsp;Liyan Xue ,&nbsp;Minzhong Huang ,&nbsp;Meiying Xie ,&nbsp;Hongye Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient recovery of lithium (Li⁺) from salt lakes has become a pressing issue for the lithium battery industry. In this study, an electrochemically enhanced extraction system with industrialization potential was developed, which increased the separation efficiency of Li⁺ by coupling an electric field with ionic liquid extraction. A promising 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-thiophenecarbonyl trifluoroacetone ([C₄mim][TTA]) extraction agent was developed. Furthermore, the functionalized ionic liquid (FIL) was dissolved in an ionic liquid mixture to further increase its extraction capacity. The separation performance and mechanisms of Li⁺ through [C₄mim][TTA] liquid–liquid extraction were investigated. The results showed that within a pH range greater than 2, [C₄mim][TTA] had a very high separation efficiency for Li⁺. Additionally, liquid–liquid extraction in solutions simulating the concentrations of Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ found in salt lakes revealed very high Li⁺ separation coefficients of β_Li/K = 3746 and β_Li/Na = 1287. Under an applied electric field of 2.4 V, the electrochemically enhanced extraction system achieved separation coefficients of β_Li/K = 6678 and β_Li/Na = 3068 within 2 h, which represent the highest reported values to date. In this study, a novel electrochemically coupled ionic liquid extraction system with potential for industrialization is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 106539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}