Okechukwu Vincent Dickson , Thomas Deleau , Fabienne Espitalier , Christophe Coquelet , Julien Lombart , Philippe Accart
{"title":"红土矿石高压酸浸:非等温和等温条件下酸和固含量对镍钴产量的影响","authors":"Okechukwu Vincent Dickson , Thomas Deleau , Fabienne Espitalier , Christophe Coquelet , Julien Lombart , Philippe Accart","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106576","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for nickel (Ni) in electric vehicle batteries necessitates efficient extraction methods from laterite ores. High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) is a prominent hydrometallurgical technique known for its rapid kinetics and high (>90 %) metal dissolution. This study examines the influence of acid-to-ore (A/O) ratios (0.25, 0.35, and 0.45) and slurry solid contents (22, 26, and 30 wt.%) on Ni yield and selectivity under both non-isothermal (100 °C, 1.2 bar; 150 °C, 4.7 bar; 200 °C, 18.9 bar; 265 °C, 50.5 bar) and isothermal (265 °C) conditions.</div><div>Under non-isothermal conditions, Ni leaching efficiency improved with temperature, achieving a maximum yield of 94.67 ± 0.02 wt.% at 265 °C, compared to 50.86 ± 0.02 wt.% at 200 °C, using an A/O ratio of 0.45 and 26 wt.% solids over 60 min. Isothermal experiments at 265 °C revealed that higher A/O ratios enhanced Ni yield, reaching 94.45 ± 0.01 wt.% at 60 min with 26 wt.% solids and an A/O of 0.45. However, this increased yield was accompanied by higher dissolution of Fe (1.07 ± 0.12 wt.%) and Al (38.84 ± 0.07 wt.%), reducing selectivity to 0.73 ± 0.01. Conversely, an A/O ratio of 0.25 at 26 wt.% solids achieved a higher selectivity of 3.83 ± 0.05 but with a lower Ni yield of 79.14 ± 0.03 wt.%. Lower slurry solid content further improved Ni leaching; at 22 wt.% solids and an A/O of 0.45, Ni yield reached 95.87 ± 0.01 wt.% with a selectivity of 0.89 ± 0.02 at 60 min.</div><div>Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of leached residues indicated that high temperatures facilitate the transformation of primary minerals like goethite and gibbsite into hematite and hydronium alunite. This transformation is more pronounced at higher A/O ratios, affecting the mineralogical composition of the post-leach solid residue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 106576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High-pressure acid leaching of laterite ores: Effect of acid and solid content on Ni and Co yield under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions\",\"authors\":\"Okechukwu Vincent Dickson , Thomas Deleau , Fabienne Espitalier , Christophe Coquelet , Julien Lombart , Philippe Accart\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106576\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The increasing demand for nickel (Ni) in electric vehicle batteries necessitates efficient extraction methods from laterite ores. High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) is a prominent hydrometallurgical technique known for its rapid kinetics and high (>90 %) metal dissolution. This study examines the influence of acid-to-ore (A/O) ratios (0.25, 0.35, and 0.45) and slurry solid contents (22, 26, and 30 wt.%) on Ni yield and selectivity under both non-isothermal (100 °C, 1.2 bar; 150 °C, 4.7 bar; 200 °C, 18.9 bar; 265 °C, 50.5 bar) and isothermal (265 °C) conditions.</div><div>Under non-isothermal conditions, Ni leaching efficiency improved with temperature, achieving a maximum yield of 94.67 ± 0.02 wt.% at 265 °C, compared to 50.86 ± 0.02 wt.% at 200 °C, using an A/O ratio of 0.45 and 26 wt.% solids over 60 min. Isothermal experiments at 265 °C revealed that higher A/O ratios enhanced Ni yield, reaching 94.45 ± 0.01 wt.% at 60 min with 26 wt.% solids and an A/O of 0.45. However, this increased yield was accompanied by higher dissolution of Fe (1.07 ± 0.12 wt.%) and Al (38.84 ± 0.07 wt.%), reducing selectivity to 0.73 ± 0.01. Conversely, an A/O ratio of 0.25 at 26 wt.% solids achieved a higher selectivity of 3.83 ± 0.05 but with a lower Ni yield of 79.14 ± 0.03 wt.%. Lower slurry solid content further improved Ni leaching; at 22 wt.% solids and an A/O of 0.45, Ni yield reached 95.87 ± 0.01 wt.% with a selectivity of 0.89 ± 0.02 at 60 min.</div><div>Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of leached residues indicated that high temperatures facilitate the transformation of primary minerals like goethite and gibbsite into hematite and hydronium alunite. This transformation is more pronounced at higher A/O ratios, affecting the mineralogical composition of the post-leach solid residue.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13193,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Hydrometallurgy\",\"volume\":\"238 \",\"pages\":\"Article 106576\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Hydrometallurgy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304386X25001410\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Hydrometallurgy","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304386X25001410","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
High-pressure acid leaching of laterite ores: Effect of acid and solid content on Ni and Co yield under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions
The increasing demand for nickel (Ni) in electric vehicle batteries necessitates efficient extraction methods from laterite ores. High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) is a prominent hydrometallurgical technique known for its rapid kinetics and high (>90 %) metal dissolution. This study examines the influence of acid-to-ore (A/O) ratios (0.25, 0.35, and 0.45) and slurry solid contents (22, 26, and 30 wt.%) on Ni yield and selectivity under both non-isothermal (100 °C, 1.2 bar; 150 °C, 4.7 bar; 200 °C, 18.9 bar; 265 °C, 50.5 bar) and isothermal (265 °C) conditions.
Under non-isothermal conditions, Ni leaching efficiency improved with temperature, achieving a maximum yield of 94.67 ± 0.02 wt.% at 265 °C, compared to 50.86 ± 0.02 wt.% at 200 °C, using an A/O ratio of 0.45 and 26 wt.% solids over 60 min. Isothermal experiments at 265 °C revealed that higher A/O ratios enhanced Ni yield, reaching 94.45 ± 0.01 wt.% at 60 min with 26 wt.% solids and an A/O of 0.45. However, this increased yield was accompanied by higher dissolution of Fe (1.07 ± 0.12 wt.%) and Al (38.84 ± 0.07 wt.%), reducing selectivity to 0.73 ± 0.01. Conversely, an A/O ratio of 0.25 at 26 wt.% solids achieved a higher selectivity of 3.83 ± 0.05 but with a lower Ni yield of 79.14 ± 0.03 wt.%. Lower slurry solid content further improved Ni leaching; at 22 wt.% solids and an A/O of 0.45, Ni yield reached 95.87 ± 0.01 wt.% with a selectivity of 0.89 ± 0.02 at 60 min.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of leached residues indicated that high temperatures facilitate the transformation of primary minerals like goethite and gibbsite into hematite and hydronium alunite. This transformation is more pronounced at higher A/O ratios, affecting the mineralogical composition of the post-leach solid residue.
期刊介绍:
Hydrometallurgy aims to compile studies on novel processes, process design, chemistry, modelling, control, economics and interfaces between unit operations, and to provide a forum for discussions on case histories and operational difficulties.
Topics covered include: leaching of metal values by chemical reagents or bacterial action at ambient or elevated pressures and temperatures; separation of solids from leach liquors; removal of impurities and recovery of metal values by precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, gaseous reduction, cementation, electro-winning and electro-refining; pre-treatment of ores by roasting or chemical treatments such as halogenation or reduction; recycling of reagents and treatment of effluents.