{"title":"A 0.86 mW 17 fA/√Hz, 129-dB DR Current-Sensing Front-End for Under-Display Ambient Light Sensor With Zero-Compensated Logarithmic TIA","authors":"Liheng Liu;Tianxiang Qu;Hao Li;Dan Li;Gan Guo;Zhiliang Hong;Jiawei Xu","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2025.3528962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2025.3528962","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a low-noise, power-efficient, and pulsatile-interference stabilized photocurrent readout circuit for under-display ambient light sensors (ALS). To achieve pA-level input noise and seven decades of input current dynamic range (DR) simultaneously, a logarithmic transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a diode-connected MOS feedback is set as the first stage of the ALS. An auto-tracking zero, implemented in the amplifier of the TIA, improves the phase-margin and reduces the settling time against pulsatile interference without extra power consumption. The TIA output is then quantized by a first-order 9-bit incremental delta-sigma modulator. Fabricated in a standard 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS process, the proposed ALS achieves the best-in-the-class input-referred current noise of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.6~rm {pA}_{mathrm {rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> within a 400-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s readout time. The total input range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.7~rm {pA}_{mathrm {PP}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~mu rm {A}_{mathrm {PP}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> corresponds to a DR of 129 dB while consuming 0.86 mW at a 1.8-V supply.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"20–26-GHz CMOS PA With High Pout and OP1 dB Using a 1:2 Capacitance-Ratio-Equivalent Power Combiner","authors":"Jin-Fa Chang","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2025.3529347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2025.3529347","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a four-way wide-band power amplifier (PA1) with a 1:2 capacitance-ratio-equivalent power combiner (PC) and a dynamic-threshold-voltage MOSFET with a resistor (DTMOS-R) using a 90-nm CMOS. Another PA (PA2) without a DTMOS-R using low-loss micro-strip line inductors replaced with a PC is demonstrated for contrast. A low-loss PC is realized using equal <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/4 spiral transmission line inductors based on a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/9 one (with a 1:2 capacitance ratio involving Cp1 and Cp2) for low-loss output-stage matching. The output power of the output stage of PA1, with low-threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{mathrm { th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) due to the DTMOS-R and low Rds based on the parallel four-way output, is enhanced using a PC. Between 20–26 GHz, PA1 achieves a prominent S21 of 23.2 dB, peak power-added-efficiency (PAE) between 20.8%–29.7%, and saturation output power between 19.9–21.2 dBm. Moreover, the output 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) is 16–20.4 dBm between 20–26 GHz. Using the PC and DTMOS-R yields the bulk CMOS PA’s high performance (Pout, PAE, and OP1dB), comparable to recent state-of-the-art millimeter-wave PAs, i.e., SOI/SiGe processes.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 23–28-GHz Doherty Power Amplifier With a PVT Insensitive Power Detection for Adaptive Biasing","authors":"Yahia Ibrahim;Ali Niknejad","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2025.3528055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2025.3528055","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a compact Doherty power amplifier (PA) featuring a single transformer balun. A novel envelope power detector architecture is introduced for high-bandwidth (BW) adaptive biasing, that is, insensitive to process-voltage–temperature (PVT) variations. The measured PA attains a saturated power <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(mathbf {P_{mathrm { sat}}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> exceeding 20.2 dBm and a power gain of 19.5 dB across the frequency range of 23–28 GHz. Moreover, it exhibits a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 38% and a 6-dB power back-off (PBO) PAE of 27% at 25 GHz. The proposed adaptive biasing scheme enables a modulation BW of up to 800 MHz for a 64-QAM signal. Under this setting, the average output power <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(mathbf {P_{avg}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is measured at 11.3 dBm with an RMS error vector magnitude (EVM) of −24.5 dB and an average PAE of 15.5%. The PA is fabricated in Global Foundries 45-nm-SOI technology with a compact area of 0.27 mm2. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate robust performance for Doherty PAs across PVT variations.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Low-Jitter Fractional-N LC-PLL With a 1/4 DTC-Range-Reduction Technique","authors":"Gaofeng Jin;Fei Feng;Yan Chen;Hanli Liu;Xiang Gao","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2025.3528005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2025.3528005","url":null,"abstract":"A fractional-N LC oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) with a 1/4 quantization noise (QN) range reduction technique is proposed. Simple open-loop delay cells are used to generate 4-phase clocks and reduce the QN by a factor of 4 while the mismatches of the four phases are calibrated and covered by a single DTC. Designed in 40-nm CMOS process, the proposed PLL achieves 159-fs RMS-jitter with 2.6-mW power consumption, leading to –251.8-dB FoM.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Sub-THz Harmonic Recycling Single-Stage Frequency Quadrupler in CMOS 28-nm Technology","authors":"Ali Ameri;Ali M. Niknejad","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2025.3527533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2025.3527533","url":null,"abstract":"A single-stage frequency quadrupler operating in the 199–219-GHz frequency range is presented. The quadrupler utilizes a second harmonic trap and recycles the trapped power to generate additional power toward the desired fourth harmonic. The quadrupler has a peak power of −2.54 dBm while consuming 54 mW, resulting in a maximum efficiency <inline-formula> <tex-math>$eta _{mathrm {MAX}}=1.03%$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The circuit occupies an area of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$370~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula> <tex-math>$240~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, the smallest footprint among the reported sub-THz frequency quadruplers. An on-chip LC oscillator and a tuned buffer provide the input signal to the quadrupler, constituting a fully integrated system.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 1.1-pJ/b/Lane, 1.8-Tb/s Chiplet Using 113-Gb/s PAM-4 Transceiver With Equalization Strategy to Reduce Fractionally Spaced 0.5-UI ISI in 5-nm CMOS","authors":"G. Gangasani;A. Mostafa;A. Singh;D. Storaska;D. Prabakaran;K. Mohammad;M. Baecher;M. Shannon;M. Sorna;M. Wielgos;P. Jenkins;P. Ramakrishna;U. Shukla","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2025.3526877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2025.3526877","url":null,"abstract":"This letter uses 113-Gb/s PAM4 transceiver in 5-nm CMOS to demonstrate a 1.8-Tb/s chiplet, over die-to-die extremely short-reach (XSR) intrapackage links, in an 8-port configuration. The 16-channels range from 1 to 12 dB of loss at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$F_{textrm {baud}}/2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The chiplet performance over these channels is better than <inline-formula> <tex-math>$textrm {BER}lt 10^{-9}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while consuming <1.1-pJ/b power and 0.22-mm2 area per lane. The performance targets are achieved using an transceiver equalization strategy which minimizes 0.5-UI ISI by design in the data path and using a LUT-based TX FFE-3 for signal equalization and envelope adaptation.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 2.6-GS/s 8-bit Time-Interleaved ADC With Fully Dynamic Current Integrating Sampler","authors":"Dengquan Li;Maowen Qian;Depan Li;Hongzhi Liang;Zhangming Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2024.3523509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2024.3523509","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an 8-bit 2.6-GS/s 8-way time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in 65-nm CMOS. The proposed dynamic current integrating sampler (DCIS) implements the functionality of input buffer and anti-aliasing filter, and eliminates the memory effect caused by parasitic capacitance. It breaks through the limitations of conventional CIS in terms of power consumption, output swing, and bandwidth. A global master sampling network with charge sharing is adopted to alleviate the impact of timing skew. The measured results show that the TI-ADC achieves an SFDR of 50.01 dB and SNDR of 41.29 dB with Nyquist input, respectively. The total power consumption is 28.88 mW, which corresponds to a Walden figure of merit of 117.2 fJ/conv.-step.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 1.48-fs FoM Analog Capacitorless-LDO With Cascade-Inverter-Based Pseudo-Power Transistor","authors":"Hing Tai Chen;Xun Liu;Ka Nang Leung","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2024.3522785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2024.3522785","url":null,"abstract":"A capacitorless analog low-dropout regulator (CL-LDO) with cascade-inverter-based pseudo-power transistor is presented in this letter. The proposed architecture supports ultralow-voltage operation, fast transient response, high current efficiency, and high loop gain with low quiescent current along the full load range. The proposed CL-LDO can be easily implemented without any external transient-enhancement circuit. The circuit is fabricated in a 65-nm LP CMOS process with an active area of 0.00782 mm2. The minimum supply voltage can be as low as 0.5 V. The minimum dropout voltage is 20 mV. Under a 1-V supply, the undershoot voltage with 100-mV dropout voltage is 87 mV and settles down within 10 ns when the load current increases from \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100~boldsymbol {mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 A to 50 mA within 5-ns edge time. The measured quiescent current is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4~boldsymbol {mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 A. The transient figure of merit is 1.48 fs.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 28-nm Static-Power-Free Fully Parallel RRAM-Based TD CIM Macro With 1982 TOPS/W/Bit for Edge Applications","authors":"Songtao Wei;Peng Yao;Xinying Guo;Dong Wu;Lu Jie;Qi Qin;Bin Gao;Jianshi Tang;He Qian;Sining Pan;Huaqiang Wu","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2024.3520593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2024.3520593","url":null,"abstract":"Analog computing in memory (CIM) based on resistive nonvolatile memory (NVM) has encountered several issues, such as low parallelism, low computing accuracy, and considerable power consumption. In this letter, a temporal unit based on design technology co-optimization (DTCO) for resistive random access memory is proposed for the first time, with the advantage of eliminating dc current and reducing the deviation of mapped weight. A time-domain (TD) array based on the proposed temporal unit features performing fully parallel matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) in a static-power-free manner, without the consideration of IR drop and limited sensing margin (SM). Besides, a low-power time-digital converter (TDC) with local offset elimination further boosts energy efficiency (EF) and computing accuracy. The fabricated 28-nm TD CIM macro achieves a state-of-the-art normalized EF of 1982 and 1387 TOPS/W/bit under 1b-input, ternary-weight and 4b-input, signed 4b-weight, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christoph Gasser;Christoph Ribisch;Simon Michael Laube;Kerstin Schneider-Hornstein;Horst Zimmermann
{"title":"Ultrasensitive Reset-Less Integrator-Based PIN-Diode Receiver With Input Current Control","authors":"Christoph Gasser;Christoph Ribisch;Simon Michael Laube;Kerstin Schneider-Hornstein;Horst Zimmermann","doi":"10.1109/LSSC.2024.3520338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2024.3520338","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel ultrasensitive integrator-based optical frontend that eliminates the need for a reset network to stabilize the operating point. The proposed method introduces a current source at the input node that compensates the average photocurrent. Eliminating the reset phase for the integrator results in better data rate scalability and PVT robustness without the need for correlated double sampling. The full-custom designed PIN-diode receiver was fabricated in 0.35\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m CMOS and characterized. Using a Manchester encoded PRBS15 bit stream, the best sample achieved a sensitivity of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {-52.93}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000dBm at a wavelength of 642nm, an effective data rate of 50Mb/s and a bit error ratio of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {2cdot 10^{-3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. This results in a distance of 20.75 dB to the quantum limit.","PeriodicalId":13032,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","volume":"8 ","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}