Gels最新文献

{"title":"pH-Responsive Chitosan-Alginate Hydrogel Beads Co-Encapsulating Jujube Polysaccharides and cAMP: Enhanced Antioxidant Activity and Gastrointestinal Controlled Release.","authors":"Guanghui Zhao, Chi Han, Weihua Wang, Jiankang Lu, Chunlan Zhang, Khan Khalid Nazeer, Xinxin Huang, Kozykan Sabira","doi":"10.3390/gels12100893","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jujube polysaccharides (ZJPA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are bioactive compounds with antioxidant and health-promoting potential, and their combination exhibits enhanced antioxidant activity. However, their limited stability and susceptibility to gastrointestinal environmental stresses restrict their applications in functional foods. In this study, a pH-responsive composite hydrogel bead delivery system was developed using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) as wall materials to co-encapsulate ZJPA and cAMP, aiming to protect these bioactive compounds during gastrointestinal digestion while maintaining their enhanced functionality. The hydrogel beads were fabricated via the ionotropic gelation method, and the formulation parameters were optimized using single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized hydrogel beads were obtained under the conditions of calcium chloride concentration of 3%, CS concentration of 0.5%, SA concentration of 3%, and core-to-wall ratio of 1:6, with a cAMP microencapsulation yield (MEY) of 97.79%. Structural characterization confirmed that ZJPA and cAMP were successfully incorporated into the CS-SA network through electrostatic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonding without the formation of new covalent bonds. Furthermore, the hydrogel beads exhibited distinct pH-responsive swelling and gastrointestinal release behaviors, providing effective protection under acidic gastric conditions and enabling sustained release under intestinal conditions. Importantly, the DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated that the co-encapsulation strategy preserved the enhanced antioxidant activity between ZJPA and cAMP. Overall, this study establishes a multifunctional hydrogel bead delivery strategy integrating enhanced bioactivity preservation, gastrointestinal protection, and controlled release, providing new opportunities for the application of jujube-derived bioactive compounds in functional foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Novel Adsorbents Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method for the Removal of Uranium and Strontium from Radioactive Wastewater: A Review.","authors":"Jiayi Jiang, Jiaxue Zhao, Miaoling Chen, Diyun Chen, Minhua Su","doi":"10.3390/gels12100891","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uranium- and strontium-containing wastewater from nuclear industries poses a threat to the environment and human health. The sol-gel method, with its tunable composition and synthetic flexibility, is widely used to fabricate novel and high-performance adsorbents. This review covers recent progress in the sol-gel fabrication of UO₂²⁺ and Sr²⁺ adsorbents, including both inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Reported adsorption capacities typically range from about 40 to 670 mg/g for UO₂²⁺ and from about 40 to 370 mg/g for Sr²⁺, with a few systems achieving even higher values under optimized conditions. Titanates and titanosilicates exhibit outstanding selectivity toward Sr²⁺, whereas phosphate-based materials and amidoxime-functionalized hybrids show strong affinity for UO₂²⁺. However, practical application is still hampered by high precursor costs, poor shapeability, limited long-term stability, harsh regeneration conditions, and interference from coexisting ions. Future efforts should focus on low-cost materials and shaping processes to promote the engineering applications of tailored materials via the sol-gel method.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conductive Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electronics: Preparation Strategies, Conductivity Enhancement, and Sensing Applications.","authors":"Xiaoxu Liang","doi":"10.3390/gels12100889","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conductive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogels combine electrical functionality with the mechanical compliance and biocompatibility required for wearable bioelectronics. However, simultaneously achieving mechanical robustness, stable electrical conductivity, and long-term hydration stability remains challenging. Adopting a performance trade-off perspective focused on wearable sensing, this review examines recent advances in five interconnected areas: (1) fabrication strategies, including freeze-thaw cycling, the Hofmeister effect, mechanical training, and green synthesis routes; (2) conductivity enhancement through electron-conducting pathways (carbon nanofillers, MXene, and conducting polymers), ionic routes (salt and electrolyte doping), and hybrid systems; (3) wearable sensing applications, including physiological monitoring (ECG/EMG/EEG), multimodal biosensing of biofluid analytes, and intelligent sensing devices; (4) environmental resilience and mechanical durability; and (5) regulatory, manufacturing, and clinical translation challenges. Representative studies report tensile strengths exceeding 19 MPa, electrical conductivities above 10 S/m, gauge factors above 10, and self-healing within 1 s; however, these values were obtained for different formulations and under different testing conditions. The review further identifies critical gaps in reproducibility, comparable testing protocols, device-level integration, and scalability, and outlines design considerations for advancing conductive PVA-based hydrogels toward reliable wearable health monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Frameworks and Practice on Nano-Micro Pore Structure Design of Bio-Aerogels.","authors":"Shuai Yuan, Jiaren Yang, Kao Wu, Hong Qian, Xi Chen, Ying Kuang, Fatang Jiang, Guangyuan Yang, Fan Zhu, Saffa Riffat","doi":"10.3390/gels12100886","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bio-aerogels have garnered significant attention due to their environmental friendliness and potential for exceptional performance. The pore structure of bio-aerogels includes both pore size and distribution, which significantly determine their functional behaviors, such as filtration, thermal insulation, and sound absorption. This review proposes several conceptual frameworks regarding the design of the pore structure of bio-aerogels, some of which are validated through practical cases. The ice crystal pore-making conceptual framework approach involves controlling the growth of ice crystals to achieve a pre-designed pore structure. The space occupying pore-making conceptual framework is the proactive addition of nano materials to occupy space prior to the formation of ice crystals, facilitating the design of the aerogel's nanoscale pore structure. The conceptual framework of blocks building involves assembling multiple aerogels to create a composite aerogel with a multi-level pore structure. These theoretical considerations contribute to the development of aerogel structural design theory to obtain aerogels with different micro-nano structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic Bilayer Hydrogel for Scar-Minimizing Healing of Deep Second-Degree Burns Through Sequential Macrophage-Fibroblast Intervention.","authors":"Jian Jia, Jiale Wang, Wenjing Yan, Maosen Yang, Zixuan Zhang, Chaoting Gao, Yang Li, Daidi Fan","doi":"10.3390/gels12100887","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the inflammatory phase, the persistent macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, followed by excessive fibroblast activation in the proliferative phase, impairs the repair of deep partial-thickness burn wounds and contributes to scar formation. Hence, precise spatiotemporal regulation of both macrophages and fibroblasts is of paramount importance. In this study, we developed a structurally biomimetic bilayer hydrogel system designed to promote scar-minimizing burn wound healing by sequentially targeting macrophages in the inflammatory phase and modulating fibroblast behavior in the proliferative phase. This biomimetic bilayer hydrogel (designated BHM@VP@PPs) consists of a lower layer (LHM) loaded with PBA-PEI@siRNA (TNF-α) nanocomplexes (LHM@PPs) and an upper layer (HHM) encapsulating the small-molecule YAP inhibitor verteporfin (HHM@VP). By varying the HM polymer concentration and crosslinking density, the bilayer hydrogel was designed to provide degradation-dependent, stage-matched release of siRNA and VP. During the inflammatory phase, released siRNA silenced TNF-α via blockade of its mRNA expression, thereby attenuating local inflammation and accelerating the transition to the proliferative phase. Upon degradation of the lower layer, the upper layer subsequently released VP, which suppressed excessive fibroblast activation through YAP-related signaling pathways during the proliferative phase, thus favoring scar-minimizing healing. Moreover, VP-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) generated abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS), effectively eradicating bacteria and preventing infection. Collectively, this bilayer hydrogel system synergistically facilitates scar-minimizing repair of deep second-degree burn wounds, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Room-Temperature Powder-Form Lysine-Based Organogelators for Rapid Remediation of Oil-Spill-Contaminated Water.","authors":"Han-Qing Peng, Xiao-Yu Zhou, Shuai-Ke Liu, Ke-Lu Liu, Zuo-Zhao Zhai, Cai-Cai Zhang, Haitao Yu","doi":"10.3390/gels12100885","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oil spill remediation remains a major challenge in global marine pollution control. Given their rapid oil removal capability, reusability, and environmental compatibility, phase-selective organogelators (PSOGs) have become attractive candidates. Nevertheless, few powdered PSOGs have been reported to rapidly form phase-selective gels with crude oils. In this work, we synthesized a series of lysine-derived organogelators (<b>Lys</b>-<b>OUAs</b>) through a simple route and evaluated their gelation behavior. In particular, <b>Lys-OUA-C14</b> showed superior gelation ability and formed stable gels with a wide range of petroleum hydrocarbons. Results obtained from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent ¹H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction indicated that van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking interactions were involved in the self-assembly of <b>Lys-OUA-C14</b>. Notably, <b>Lys-OUA-C14</b> rapidly solidified diesel and enabled efficient recovery within 120 s through three-dimensional networks, without the need for external heating/cooling cycles or co-solvents. Powdered <b>Lys-OUA-C14</b> can be readily synthesized in high yield and exhibits good oil removal efficiency, outstanding recyclability, and eco-friendliness, making it a promising material for large-scale remediation of oil-spill-contaminated water.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanogels and Microgels: Fundamental Studies, Applications, and Emerging Trends.","authors":"Jiaxing Yuan, Guang Chen","doi":"10.3390/gels12100890","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer gels constitute a versatile class of three-dimensional, cross-linked macromolecular networks that have fostered interdisciplinary interest owing to their tunable physicochemical properties and structural versatility [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-Responsive <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> Silk Fibroin/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels for Controlled Protein Drug Delivery.","authors":"Boxiang Wang, Hangdan Xu, Hong Huang, Jinyang Xie, Huihui Liu","doi":"10.3390/gels12100888","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature-responsive hydrogels provide hydrated matrices for regulating protein release near physiological temperature. Building on a previously developed p(ASF-AGE-NIPAAm) hydrogel platform, this study evaluated five formulations with ASF-AGE feed contents of 10.0-57.1 wt% as protein delivery carriers. The hydrogels exhibited lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of 31.8-33.0 °C and reversible swelling-deswelling transitions during cyclic temperature switching between 20 and 40 °C. Increasing the ASF-AGE content decreased the equilibrium swelling ratio from 17.3 to 10.6 g/g, while the bovine serum albumin (BSA) encapsulation efficiency varied between 73.5% and 76.8% and the drug loading capacity decreased from 452.6 to 380.2 mg/g. BSA release was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) and depended on both temperature and formulation: the apparent cumulative release at the end of the observation period ranged from 37.6% to 54.1% at 20 °C and from 38.4% to 61.2% at 37 °C. Release was higher at 37 °C, coinciding with thermally induced network contraction, and ASF-rich formulations generally released less BSA. These Results define a composition-property-release relationship for p(ASF-AGE-NIPAAm) hydrogels and show that the ASF content can be adjusted to balance protein loading against temperature-responsive release.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conductive Gels for Wearable and Attachable Healthcare Devices: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, Interfaces and Applications.","authors":"Jinmo Jeong, Dongwuk Jung","doi":"10.3390/gels12100883","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable and attachable healthcare devices provide valuable insights across a broad range of applications, from health monitoring and disease diagnosis to the assessment of daily human activities. For these devices, both the formation of high-performance electrodes and mechanical, electrical, and physiological stability at human-device interfaces are critically important. Conductive gels, which combine deformable polymer networks with electrical conductivity, show considerable potential as functional materials for such applications. However, existing reviews have often considered material properties, interfacial behavior, and device reliability separately. This review examines hydrogels, ionogels, and organogels by linking material design, stimulus- and analyte-responsive sensing, biological and device interfaces, and healthcare applications. This integrated perspective emphasizes evaluating conductive gels within complete healthcare devices, where material properties, biological interfaces, and device integration jointly determine practical performance. Such evaluation needs to address signal quality and the stability of the assembled system during deformation, environmental exposure, and prolonged use. Future progress will require reproducible device fabrication and standardized validation tailored to the intended application, with systematic assessment of long-term biosafety and alignment with relevant regulatory requirements. Integration with flexible electronics, intelligent data processing, and feedback control may further enable reliable and responsive healthcare platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Liu et al. Action Mechanism, Research Progress and Development Trend of High-Temperature Steam Flooding and Profile Control/Flooding Systems. <i>Gels</i> 2026, <i>12</i>, 586.","authors":"Yigang Liu, Jianhua Bai, Xiaodong Han, Qiuxia Wang, Hongwen Zhang, Hongyu Wang, Jinxiang Liu, Yifei Gao, Xianpei Yin","doi":"10.3390/gels12100880","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels12100880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original published article [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13703981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}