Gels最新文献

{"title":"A Thermo-Photo-Ionic Crosslinked Gellan Gum Hydrogel with Gradient Biomechanic Modulation as a Neuromaterial for Peripheral Nerve Injury.","authors":"Sameera Khatib, Poornima Ramburrun, Yahya E Choonara","doi":"10.3390/gels11090720","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gellan gum (GG) is a promising biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable gelation, and modifiability. This study investigates the influence of triple crosslinking mechanisms-thermal gelation, UV-induced covalent crosslinking, and ionic crosslinking-on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of GG-based hydrogels, designed to function as a neuromaterial with hierarchical neuro-architecture as a potential nerve substitute for peripheral nerve injury. Initial thermal gelation forms a physical network via double-helix junctions. Methacrylation introduces vinyl groups enabling UV crosslinking, while post-treatment with Mg²⁺ ions strengthens the network through ionic bridging with carboxylate groups. Plasticizers-glycerol and triethyl citrate-were incorporated to modulate chain mobility, network hydration, swelling behavior, and mechanical flexibility. Seven-day erosion studies showed that glycerol-containing hydrogels eroded 50-60% faster than those with triethyl citrate and up to 70% more than hydrogels without plasticizers, indicating increased hydrophilicity and matrix loosening. In contrast, triethyl citrate reduced erosion, likely due to tighter polymer chain interactions and reduced network porosity. Mechanical testing of 1% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> methacrylated GG hydrogels revealed that 1.5% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> triethyl citrate combined with UV curing (30-45 min) produced tensile strengths of 8.76-10.84 MPa. These findings underscore the synergistic effect of sequential crosslinking and plasticizer choice in tuning hydrogel mechanical properties for neuro application. The resulting hydrogels offer potential as a neuromaterial in peripheral nerve injury where gradient mechanical properties with hydration-responsive behavior are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption Characteristics of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes Toward Methylene Blue Dye in Aqueous Environment.","authors":"Zimu Hu, Christopher R Brewer, Austin J Pyrch, Ziyu Wang, Dhanush U Jamadgni, Wendy E Krause, Lucian A Lucia","doi":"10.3390/gels11090721","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water pollution has escalated to critical levels in recent years as evident by the multiplicity of contaminants found in potable water sources. A point-source major contributor is the textile industry, which discharges substantial amounts of dye into rivers and lakes. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a renewable and low-cost nanocellulose material, has emerged as a potential solution addressing dye removal from these contaminated waters. Methylene Blue (MB) was selected as a representative dye for our adsorption studies. As a baseline for evaluating efficacy, BC was dried using three different methods: freeze-drying, oven-drying, and room-temperature drying. The adsorptive behavior of these dried BC samples toward MB in an aqueous environment was evaluated. Furthermore, to elucidate the structure-property relationship of dried BC, several characterization techniques were employed. Our studies revealed that freeze-dried BC exhibited the highest initial adsorption rate, while oven-dried BC demonstrated the overall highest adsorption capacity. Moreover, the adsorption data corresponded well with pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models. This investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of how BC, dried through different methods, performs in the adsorption of MB by establishing a baseline for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemicellulosic Biogels: A Fundamentally New Sustainable Platform Approach to Address Societal Grand Challenges.","authors":"Ali Ayoub, Lucian Lucia","doi":"10.3390/gels11090722","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global issues of resource depletion and environmental pollution have led to increased interest in a circular bioeconomy focusing on converting renewable biomass into functional biomaterials. This article explores the transformative potential of hemicellulosic biogels as a sustainable platform to address critical societal challenges, such as water scarcity, food solutions and environmental pollution. Derived from hemicelluloses, an abundant and underutilized polysaccharide in lignocellulose biomass, these biogels offer a fundamentally new approach to developing high-performance, ecofriendly based materials. The review examines their development, characterization, and diverse applications in water treatment, food, agriculture, adhesive and coating systems. In water treatment, these gels exhibit exceptional performance, demonstrating a maximum NaCl uptake of 0.26 g/g and rapid pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics for desalination. They also show high selectivity for heavy metal removal, with a remarkable binding capacity for lead if 2.9 mg/g at pH 5. For adhesive and coating applications, hemicellulose crosslinked with ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) forms water-resistant gels that significantly enhance paper properties, including gloss, smoothness, liquid resistance, and adhesive strength. Furthermore, hemicellulosics exhibit controlled biodegradation in physiological solutions while maintaining their mechanical integrity, underscoring their broad application promise. Overall, this review highlights how hemicellulose-based hydrogels can transform a low-value byproduct from biorefinery into high-performance solutions, contributing significantly to a sustainable economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Son et al. Bioprinting Vascularized Constructs for Clinical Relevance: Engineering Hydrogel Systems for Biological Maturity. <i>Gels</i> 2025, <i>11</i>, 636.","authors":"Jeonghyun Son, Siyuan Li, Wonwoo Jeong","doi":"10.3390/gels11090719","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors would like to make the following corrections to [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerogels Part 1: A Focus on the Most Patented Ultralight, Highly Porous Inorganic Networks and the Plethora of Their Advanced Applications.","authors":"Silvana Alfei","doi":"10.3390/gels11090718","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aerogels (AGs) are highly porous, low-density, disordered, ultralight macroscopic materials with immense surface areas. Traditionally synthesized using aqueous sol-gel chemistry, starting by molecular precursors, the nanoparticles (NPs) dispersions gelation method is nowadays the most used procedure to obtain AGs with improved crystallinity and broader structural, morphological and compositional complexity. The Sol-gel process consists of preparing a solution by hydrolysis of different precursors, followed by gelation, ageing and a drying phase, via supercritical, freeze-drying or ambient evaporation. AGs can be classified based on various factors, such as appearance, synthetic methods, chemical origin, drying methods, microstructure, etc. Due to their nonpareil characteristics, AGs are completely different from common NPs, thus covering different and more extensive applications. AGs can be applied in supercapacitors, acoustic devices, drug delivery, thermal insulation, catalysis, electrocatalysis, gas absorption, gas separation, organic and inorganic xenobiotics removal from water and air and radionucleotides management. This review provides first an analysis on AGs according to data found in CAS Content Collection. Then, an AGs' classification based on the chemical origin of their precursors, as well as the different methods existing to prepare AGs and the current optimization strategies are discussed. Following, focusing on AGs of inorganic origin, silica and metal oxide-based AGs are reviewed, deeply discussing their properties, specific synthesis and possible uses. These classes were chosen based on the evidence that they are the most experimented, patented and marketed AGs. Several related case studies are reported, some of which have been presented in reader-friendly tables and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Janus Hydrogels: Design, Properties, and Applications.","authors":"Wei Guo, Mahta Mirzaei, Lei Nie","doi":"10.3390/gels11090717","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Janus hydrogels have attracted significant attention in materials science and biomedicine owing to their anisotropic dual-faced architecture. Unlike conventional homogeneous hydrogels, these heterogeneous systems exhibit structural and functional asymmetry, endowing them with remarkable adaptability to dynamic environmental stimuli. Their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique \"adhesion-antiadhesion\" duality have demonstrated exceptional potential in biomedical applications ranging from advanced wound healing and internal tissue adhesion prevention to cardiac tissue regeneration. Furthermore, \"hydrophilic-hydrophobic\" Janus configurations, synergistically integrated with tunable conductivity and stimuli-responsiveness, showcase the great potential in emerging domains, including wearable biosensing, high-efficiency desalination, and humidity regulation systems. This review systematically examines contemporary synthesis strategies for Janus hydrogels using various technologies, including layer-by-layer, self-assembly, and one-pot methods. We elucidate the properties and applications of Janus hydrogels in biomedicine, environmental engineering, and soft robotics, and we emphasize recent developments in this field while projecting future trajectories and challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antimicrobial Effect and ROS Redox Activity of Nb₂O₅-Containing Powders Obtained by the Sol-Gel Method.","authors":"Kalina Ivanova, Elitsa Pavlova, Iliana Ivanova, Albena Bachvarova-Nedelcheva","doi":"10.3390/gels11090716","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present paper is to study the antimicrobial effects of Nb₂O₅-containing nanosized powders. A combination of inorganic [telluric acid (H₆TeO₆)] and organic [Ti(IV) n-butoxide, Nb(V) ethoxide (C₁₀H₂₅NbO₅)] precursors was used to prepare gels. To allow for further hydrolysis, the gels were aged in air for a few days. The gels were amorphous, but at 600 °C the amorphous phase was absent, and only TiO₂ (anatase) crystals were detected. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ (anatase) was about 10 nm. The UV-Vis spectrum of the as-prepared gel showed red shifting in the cut-off region. The obtained nanopowders were evaluated for antimicrobial properties against <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853, <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 25923, and <i>C. albicans</i> 18804. Among these, only <i>E. coli</i> was examined in combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin to assess whether there was a potential synergistic effect. The results showed that the material exhibited antibacterial activity against the abovementioned bacterial strains but not against <i>C. albicans</i>. In the case of <i>E. coli</i> combined with ciprofloxacin, a concentration-dependent enhancement in antibacterial activity was observed. The obtained samples can be considered as prospective materials for use as environmental catalysts. The newly synthesized nanocomposite showed a balancing, modulating, and neutralizing effect on the generation of ROS. The inhibitory effect was preserved in all tested model chemical systems at pH 7.4 (physiological), indicating potential biological applications in inflammatory and oxidation processes in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organogels for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage.","authors":"Damiano Bandelli, Céline Adamo, Giovanna Poggi, David Chelazzi, Piero Baglioni","doi":"10.3390/gels11090715","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The degradation of works of art, enhanced by climate change, needs to be counteracted to have Cultural Heritage express its full socioeconomic potential. Cleaning artifacts requires the confinement of fluids in retentive gel matrices to achieve safe, time-effective removal of soil, aged coatings, or vandalism from artistic/historical surfaces. This review discusses past and current research in organogels, which are largely unexplored systems to confine average or low polarity solvents. Particular focus is on bio-derived, \"green\", and sustainable materials, polymers, and solvents. Perspectives in this field strongly link with current recommendations for sustainable design in materials science and multiple industrial sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Porous Materials on Hybrid Wormlike Micelles of Zwitterionic and Anionic Surfactants for Efficient Oilfield Wastewater Treatment.","authors":"Fei Liu, Zhenzhen Li, Chenye Yang, Ya Wu, Ying Tang","doi":"10.3390/gels11090714","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing the challenge of sulfonated lignite (SL) removal from oilfield wastewater, this study introduces a novel hierarchical MgFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) adsorbent. The material was fabricated via in situ co-precipitation, utilizing a template formed by the NaCl-induced co-assembly of oleylaminopropyl betaine (OAPB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS) into zwitterionic, anionic, shear-responsive viscoelastic gels. This gel-templating approach yielded an LDH structure featuring a hierarchical pore network spanning 1-80 nm and a notably high specific surface area of 199.82 m²/g, as characterized by SEM and BET. The resulting MgFe-LDH demonstrated exceptional efficacy, achieving a SL removal efficiency exceeding 96% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 90.68 mg/g at neutral pH. Adsorption kinetics were best described by a pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.99), with intra-particle diffusion identified as the rate-determining step. Equilibrium adsorption data conformed to the Langmuir isotherm, signifying monolayer uptake. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process was spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and exothermic (ΔH = -20.09 kJ/mol), driven primarily by electrostatic interactions and ion exchange. The adsorbent exhibited robust recyclability, maintaining over 79% of its initial capacity after three adsorption-desorption cycles. This gel-directed synthesis presents a sustainable pathway for developing high-performance adsorbents targeting complex contaminants in oilfield effluents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Bioprinting of Stromal Vascular Fraction for Gastrointestinal Regeneration.","authors":"Giordano Perini, Margherita Montescagli, Giada Di Giulio, Alberto Augello, Valeria Ferrara, Antonio Minopoli, Davide Evangelista, Matteo Marras, Giulia Artemi, Anna Amelia Caretto, Stefano Gentileschi, Dania Nachira, Valerio Pontecorvi, Cristiano Spada, Loredana Gualtieri, Valentina Palmieri, Ivo Boskoski, Marco De Spirito, Massimiliano Papi","doi":"10.3390/gels11090712","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease, malabsorption syndromes, and gastrointestinal fistulae (GIFs) are often characterized by chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, impaired stromal remodeling, and defective angiogenesis. These multifactorial alterations hinder tissue repair and contribute to poor clinical outcomes, with limited efficacy from current therapeutic options. Despite recent advances in surgical and endoscopic techniques, current treatment options remain limited and are frequently accompanied by high morbidity and costs. In this context, regenerative medicine offers a promising avenue to support tissue repair and improve patient care Regenerative medicine offers a promising avenue to restore intestinal homeostasis using advanced biomaterials and cell-based therapies. In this study, we developed a 3D-bioprinted model based on patient-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) embedded in a GelMA hydrogel, designed to promote intestinal tissue regeneration. To identify the most suitable hydrogel for bioprinting, we initially evaluated the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of four distinct matrices using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Among the tested formulations, GelMA demonstrated optimal support for cell viability, low oxidative stress, and structural stability in physiologically relevant conditions. Based on these results, GelMA was selected for subsequent bioprinting of freshly isolated SVF. The resulting bioprinted constructs enhanced key regenerative processes across multiple compartments. The SVF-laden constructs significantly enhanced intestinal epithelial cell viability and tight junction formation, as shown by increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Co-culture with fibroblasts accelerated wound closure, while endothelial cells exhibited increased tube formation in the presence of SVF. Together with VEGF secretion, indicating strong paracrine and angiogenic effects. By supporting epithelial, stromal, and vascular regeneration, this approach provides a versatile and translational platform for treating a broad spectrum of intestinal pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}