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Nanoemulsion Hydrogel Delivery System of Hypericum perforatum L.: In Silico Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial-Toxicological Profiling, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Evaluation. 贯叶连翘纳米乳水凝胶递送系统:硅设计、体外抗菌毒理学分析和体内伤口愈合评估。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060431
Ahmet Arif Kurt, Bashar Ibrahim, Harun Çınar, Ayşe Nilhan Atsü, Ertuğrul Osman Bursalıoğlu, İsmail Bayır, Özlem Özmen, İsmail Aslan
{"title":"Nanoemulsion Hydrogel Delivery System of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L.: In Silico Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial-Toxicological Profiling, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Evaluation.","authors":"Ahmet Arif Kurt, Bashar Ibrahim, Harun Çınar, Ayşe Nilhan Atsü, Ertuğrul Osman Bursalıoğlu, İsmail Bayır, Özlem Özmen, İsmail Aslan","doi":"10.3390/gels11060431","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L. (H.P.), a plant renowned for its wound-healing properties, was investigated for antioxidant/antimicrobial efficacy, toxicological safety, and in vivo wound-healing effects in this research to develop and characterize novel nanoemulsion hydrogel (NG) formulations. NG were prepared via emulsion diffusion-solvent evaporation and polymer hydration using Cremophor RH40 and Ultrez 21/30. A D-optimal design optimized oil/surfactant ratios, considering particle size, PDI, and drug loading. Antioxidant activity was tested via DPPH, ABTS<sup>+</sup>, and FRAP. Toxicological assessment followed HET-CAM (ICH-endorsed) and ICCVAM guidelines. The optimized NG-2 (NE-HPM-10 + U30 0.5%) demonstrated stable and pseudoplastic flow, with a particle size of 174.8 nm, PDI of 0.274, zeta potential of -23.3 mV, and 99.83% drug loading. Release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. H.P. macerates/NEs showed potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC<sub>50</sub>: 28.4 µg/mL; FRAP: 1.8 mmol, Fe<sup>2+</sup>/g: 0.3703 ± 0.041 mM TE/g). Antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL) and <i>E. coli</i> (MIC: 25 µg/mL) were significant. Stability studies showed no degradation. HET-CAM tests confirmed biocompatibility. Histopathology revealed accelerated re-epithelialization/collagen synthesis, with upregulated TGF-β1. The NG-2 formulation demonstrated robust antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing efficacy. Enhanced antibacterial activity and biocompatibility highlight its therapeutic potential. Clinical/pathological evaluations validated tissue regeneration without adverse effects, positioning H.P.-based nanoemulsions as promising for advanced wound care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multiplexing 3D Natural Scaffolds to Optimize the Repair and Regeneration of Chronic Diabetic Wounds. 复合3D天然支架优化慢性糖尿病伤口的修复和再生。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060430
Cezara-Anca-Denisa Moldovan, Alex-Adrian Salagean, Mark Slevin
{"title":"Multiplexing 3D Natural Scaffolds to Optimize the Repair and Regeneration of Chronic Diabetic Wounds.","authors":"Cezara-Anca-Denisa Moldovan, Alex-Adrian Salagean, Mark Slevin","doi":"10.3390/gels11060430","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) represent a major complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting millions of patients worldwide and leading to high morbidity and amputation risks. The impaired healing process in DFU is driven by vascular insufficiency, neuropathy, chronic inflammation, and infections. Conventional treatments, including blood sugar control, wound debridement, and standard dressings, have shown limited efficacy in achieving complete healing. Recent advancements have introduced novel therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy, exosome-based treatments, and bioengineered scaffolds to accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), exhibit anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties, enhancing wound repair. Additionally, exosomes derived from ASCs have demonstrated the ability to promote fibroblast proliferation, regulate inflammation, and stimulate angiogenesis. The integration of bioengineered scaffolds, including hydrogels, hyaluronic acid (HA), or micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT), offers improved drug delivery mechanisms and a controlled healing environment. These scaffolds have been successfully utilized to deliver stem cells, growth factors, antioxidants, anti-glycation end products, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic drugs, or antimicrobial agents, further improving DFU outcomes. This review highlights the potential of combining novel 3D scaffolds with anti-diabetic drugs to enhance DFU treatment, reduce amputation rates, and improve patients' quality of life. While promising, further clinical research is required to validate these emerging therapies and optimize their clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physically Transient Gelatin-Based Memristors of Buildable Logic Gates. 可构建逻辑门的物理瞬态明胶基记忆电阻器。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060428
Lu Wang, Yuting Wang, Wenhao Li, Zhiqiang Gao, Yutong Han, Dianzhong Wen
{"title":"Physically Transient Gelatin-Based Memristors of Buildable Logic Gates.","authors":"Lu Wang, Yuting Wang, Wenhao Li, Zhiqiang Gao, Yutong Han, Dianzhong Wen","doi":"10.3390/gels11060428","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moore's Law is being challenged, as the use of transistors has limitations in terms of physical materials, energy consumption, performance, and economics. To continue Moore's Law, people have put forward many ideas, one of which is to find smaller devices to replace CMOS transistors. Memristor-based digital logic circuits open new avenues for exploring advanced computing architectures. In this paper, a biomemristor with the structure of Al/gelatin:Au NPs/Al/gelatin was fabricated using gelatin as the substrate and the host material of the dielectric layer. The device has a large switching current ratio, good stability, and physical transient characteristics. The device can be dissolved by soaking in deionized water for 5 min. In addition, the device successfully realizes the functions of NAND and NOR logic gates. It provides an effective method for research on green electronic devices with logic functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One-Pot Synthesis of Gelatin/Gum Arabic Hydrogels Embedding Silver Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Materials. 一锅法合成包埋银纳米粒子的明胶/阿拉伯胶水凝胶。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060429
Irina Popescu, Irina Mihaela Pelin, Irina Rosca, Marieta Constantin
{"title":"One-Pot Synthesis of Gelatin/Gum Arabic Hydrogels Embedding Silver Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Materials.","authors":"Irina Popescu, Irina Mihaela Pelin, Irina Rosca, Marieta Constantin","doi":"10.3390/gels11060429","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High and large-spectrum antibacterial features and ROS scavenging properties are the most important requirements for efficient wound-dressing materials. A composite hydrogel was synthesized herein by a one-pot procedure embedding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) covered with oxidized gum arabic (OGA) within gelatin (Gel) hydrogel. Small (2-20 nm), round-shaped AgNPs (ζ = -22 mV) were first obtained by green synthesis using OGA as a reducing and capping agent. Composite hydrogels, containing 0.6 and 1.3 wt.% Ag, were obtained by the covalent cross-linking (Schiff base reaction) of amine groups in gelatin with the dialdehyde groups located on the shell of the AgNPs. Thus, the uniform distribution of the AgNPs in the network contributed to the increased physicochemical and hydrolytic stability of the hydrogels. Moreover, the high swelling degree together with the good mechanical properties make them appropriate candidates for wound-healing materials. The hydrogels exhibited 80% scavenging activity of ABTS<sup>●+</sup> free radicals after 6 h of incubation and were effective against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus,</i> achieving a 4% survival of bacteria within 3 h (<i>E. coli</i>) and 24 h (<i>S. aureus</i>). These results clearly indicate that the proposed hydrogels have potential in wound-dressing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems. 透明质酸:生产策略、凝胶形成特性和药物传递系统的进展。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060424
Maciej Grabowski, Dominika Gmyrek, Maria Żurawska, Anna Trusek
{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Maciej Grabowski, Dominika Gmyrek, Maria Żurawska, Anna Trusek","doi":"10.3390/gels11060424","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan widely recognised for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique viscoelastic properties. Its structural versatility enables the formation of hydrogels with tuneable physicochemical characteristics, making it a valuable biomaterial in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. This review outlines HA properties, gel-forming approaches, and modern medicine and bioengineering applications. It provides a comprehensive overview of advances in HA production strategies, including microbial fermentation, animal tissue extraction, and production in vitro. Particular attention is given to gel-forming mechanisms, emphasising physical and chemical crosslinking methods like carbodiimide crosslinking, radical polymerisation, and enzymatic crosslinking. Advances in HA-based drug delivery systems and applications of HA-based materials in tissue engineering are also discussed, focusing on HA-based hydrogels with conjugates and combinations with compounds like collagen, alginate, and chitosan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multifunctional Hydrogels for Advanced Cancer Treatment: Diagnostic Imaging and Therapeutic Modalities. 多功能水凝胶用于晚期癌症治疗:诊断成像和治疗方式。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060426
Kyung Kwan Lee, Kwangmo Go, Eonjin Lee, Hongki Kim, Seonwook Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Min Suk Chae, Jin-Oh Jeong
{"title":"Multifunctional Hydrogels for Advanced Cancer Treatment: Diagnostic Imaging and Therapeutic Modalities.","authors":"Kyung Kwan Lee, Kwangmo Go, Eonjin Lee, Hongki Kim, Seonwook Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Min Suk Chae, Jin-Oh Jeong","doi":"10.3390/gels11060426","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multifunctional hydrogels represent an emerging technological advancement in cancer therapeutics, integrating diagnostic imaging capabilities with therapeutic modalities into comprehensive, multifunctional systems. These hydrogels exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, high water retention capacity, and tunable mechanical properties, enabling precise drug delivery while minimizing systemic side effects. Recent innovations in stimuli-responsive components facilitate intelligent, controlled drug release mechanisms triggered by various stimuli, including changes in pH, temperature, magnetic fields, and near-infrared irradiation. Incorporating diagnostic imaging agents, such as magnetic nanoparticles, fluorescent dyes, and radiolabeled isotopes, substantially improves tumor visualization and real-time therapeutic monitoring. Multifunctional hydrogels effectively integrate chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and their synergistic combinations, demonstrating superior therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional methods. Particularly, injectable and in situ-forming hydrogels provide sustained local drug delivery postoperatively, effectively reducing tumor recurrence. However, challenges persist, including initial burst release, mechanical instability, regulatory barriers, and scalability concerns. Current research emphasizes advanced nanocomposite formulations, biofunctionalization strategies, and innovative manufacturing technologies like 3D bioprinting to facilitate clinical translation. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements, clinical applications, and future perspectives of multifunctional hydrogel systems for enhanced cancer treatment, underscoring their potential to revolutionize personalized oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Starch-Glycerol-Based Hydrogel Memristors for Bio-Inspired Auditory Neuron Applications. 淀粉-甘油基水凝胶记忆电阻器在仿生听觉神经元中的应用。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060423
Jiachu Xie, Yuehang Ju, Zhenwei Zhang, Dianzhong Wen, Lu Wang
{"title":"Starch-Glycerol-Based Hydrogel Memristors for Bio-Inspired Auditory Neuron Applications.","authors":"Jiachu Xie, Yuehang Ju, Zhenwei Zhang, Dianzhong Wen, Lu Wang","doi":"10.3390/gels11060423","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the era of artificial intelligence, the demand for rapid and efficient data processing is growing, and traditional computing architectures are increasingly struggling to meet these needs. Against this backdrop, memristor devices, capable of mimicking the computational functions of brain neural networks, have emerged as key components in neuromorphic systems. Despite this, memristors still face many challenges in biomimetic functionality and circuit integration. In this context, a starch-glycerol-based hydrogel memristor was developed using starch as the dielectric material. The starch-glycerol-water mixture employed in this study has been widely recognized in literature as a physically cross-linked hydrogel system with a three-dimensional network, and both high water content and mechanical flexibility. This memristor demonstrates a high current switching ratio and stable threshold voltage, showing great potential in mimicking the activity of biological neurons. The device possesses the functionality of auditory neurons, not only achieving artificial spiking neuron discharge but also accomplishing the spatiotemporal summation of input information. In addition, we demonstrate the application capabilities of this artificial auditory neuron in gain modulation and in the synchronization detection of sound signals, further highlighting its potential in neuromorphic engineering applications. These results suggest that starch-based hydrogel memristors offer a promising platform for the construction of bio-inspired auditory neuron circuits and flexible neuromorphic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zinc Alginate Hydrogel-Coated Wound Dressings: Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Anti-Infective and In Vivo Performance. 海藻酸锌水凝胶包覆伤口敷料:制备、表征及抗感染和体内性能评估。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060427
Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă, George Dan Mogoşanu, Marius Rădulescu, Alina Maria Holban, Daniela Manuc, Adina Alberts, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Laurenţiu Mogoantă
{"title":"Zinc Alginate Hydrogel-Coated Wound Dressings: Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Anti-Infective and In Vivo Performance.","authors":"Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă, George Dan Mogoşanu, Marius Rădulescu, Alina Maria Holban, Daniela Manuc, Adina Alberts, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Laurenţiu Mogoantă","doi":"10.3390/gels11060427","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The delayed healing and infection risks associated with chronic wounds and burns pose significant clinical challenges. Traditional dressings provide basic coverage but lack the bioactive properties needed for tissue regeneration and antimicrobial protection. In this study, we developed zinc alginate hydrogel-coated traditional wound dressings (WD@AlgZn) and evaluated their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial performance, and in vivo healing efficacy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a uniform coating of the zinc alginate network on dressing fibers, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful incorporation of zinc ions. Antimicrobial assays further demonstrated that WD@AlgZn reduced bacterial loads (CFU/mL counts) by several orders of magnitude for both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> compared to uncoated controls. An in vivo rat burn wound model exhibited accelerated wound closure when using WD@AlgZn dressings compared to conventional wound care approaches, achieving a 90.75% healing rate by day 21, significantly outperforming the silver sulfadiazine (52.32%), uncoated-dressing (46.58%), and spontaneous-healing (37.25%) groups. Histological analysis confirmed enhanced re-epithelialization, neovascularization, and reduced inflammation in WD@AlgZn-treated tissues. The findings suggest that WD@AlgZn offers a promising alternative for advanced wound management, combining structural robustness with bioactive properties to support efficient wound healing and infection control. These results provide valuable insights into the potential clinical applications of metal-ion cross-linked biopolymeric hydrogel dressings for next-generation wound care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gelatin/Cerium-Doped Bioactive Glass Composites for Enhancing Cellular Functions of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBMSCs). 明胶/掺铈生物活性玻璃复合材料增强人间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)细胞功能
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060425
Andrey Iodchik, Gigliola Lusvardi, Alfonso Zambon, Poh Soo Lee, Hans-Peter Wiesmann, Anne Bernhardt, Vera Hintze
{"title":"Gelatin/Cerium-Doped Bioactive Glass Composites for Enhancing Cellular Functions of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBMSCs).","authors":"Andrey Iodchik, Gigliola Lusvardi, Alfonso Zambon, Poh Soo Lee, Hans-Peter Wiesmann, Anne Bernhardt, Vera Hintze","doi":"10.3390/gels11060425","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delayed or non-healing of bone defects in an aging, multi-morbid population is still a medical challenge. Current replacement materials, like autografts, are limited. Thus, artificial substitutes from biodegradable polymers and bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising alternatives. Here, novel cerium-doped mesoporous BG microparticles (Ce-MBGs) with different cerium content were included in photocrosslinkable, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) for promoting cellular functions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The composites were studied for intrinsic morphology and Ce-MBGs distribution by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). They were gravimetrically analyzed for swelling and stability, compressive modulus via Microsquisher<sup>®</sup> and bioactivity by Fluitest<sup>®</sup> calcium assay and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), also determining silicon and cerium ion release. Finally, seeding, proliferation, and differentiation of hBMSCs was investigated. Ce-MBGs were evenly distributed within composites. The latter displayed a concentration-dependent but cerium-independent decrease in swelling, while mechanical properties were comparable. A MBG type-dependent bioactivity was shown, while an enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was achieved for Ce-MBG-composites and related to different ion release profiles. These findings show their strong potential in promoting bone regeneration. Still, future work is required, e.g., analyzing the expression of osteogenic genes, providing further evidence for the composites' osteogenic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength. 具有高机械强度的可回收可降解聚乙烯醇/甜菜碱基深共晶聚合物干凝胶塑料。
IF 5 3区 化学
Gels Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.3390/gels11060421
Hanyu Zhao, Ying Jia, Ling Cai, Xiaochun Wang, Minghui He, Guangxue Chen
{"title":"Recyclable and Degradable Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Betaine-Based Deep Eutectic Polymer Dry Gel Plastics with a High Mechanical Strength.","authors":"Hanyu Zhao, Ying Jia, Ling Cai, Xiaochun Wang, Minghui He, Guangxue Chen","doi":"10.3390/gels11060421","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11060421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most existing polymer plastics are nonreusable and also exhibit poor biocompatibility and a poor mechanical strength-tensile strain balance. Herein, using deep eutectic polymers, we prepare reusable hydrophilic supramolecular dry gel plastics with balanced stress-strain characteristics through the hydrogen bonding of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with betaine (Bta). As PVA exhibits crystalline stiffness and abundant hydrogen-bonding sites, it is employed as a network backbone in the proposed deep eutectic supramolecular polymers. In the prepared PVA/Bta dry gel plastics, PVA and Bta are dynamically and physically crosslinked through high-density hydrogen bonding, resulting in a yield strength of ~109 MPa and toughness of up to ~210.92 MJ m<sup>-3</sup>. In addition, these plastics can be recycled at least five times in an aqueous environment while maintaining a mechanical strength of 100 MPa. Furthermore, the proposed polymers exhibit high transparency (92%) in the visible spectrum. We expect these polymers to be used in synthesizing biodegradable dry gel plastics, as well as to lead to the development of recyclable deep eutectic PVA/Bta polymers with remarkable strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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