IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090583

Jorge U Carmona, Catalina López

{"title":"Effects of Temperature and Time on the Denaturation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 and Cytokines from Bovine Platelet-Rich Gel Supernatants.","authors":"Jorge U Carmona, Catalina López","doi":"10.3390/gels10090583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090583","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of information about transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and cytokines contained in pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) and release from pure-platelet-rich gel supernatants (P-PRGS) might be affected by the temperature and time factors; P-PRP from 6 heifers was activated with calcium gluconate. Thereafter, P-PRG and their supernatants (P-PRGS) were maintained at -80, -20, 4, 21, and 37 °C and collected at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 144, 192, 240, and 280 h for subsequent determination of TGF-β1, tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-6; TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in PRGS maintained at 21 and 37 °C when compared to PRGS maintained at 4, -20, and -80 °C; PRGS TNF-α concentrations were not influenced by temperature and time factors. However, PRGS maintained at 4 °C showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations when compared to PRGS maintained at -20, and -80 °C at 144, and 192 h. IL-6 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in PRGS stored at -20, and -80 over the first 48 h and at 10 days when compared to PRGS stored at 4, 21, and 37 °C. These results could suggest that P-PRP/P-PRGS could be maintained and well preserved for at least 12 days at room temperature for clinical use in bovine therapeutic massive protocols.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Evaluation of New Gel-Based Floating Matrix Tablets Utilizing the Sublimation Technique for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery. 利用升华技术设计和评估新型凝胶基浮动基质片剂，用于胃肠道给药

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090581

Worawut Kriangkrai, Satit Puttipipatkhachorn, Pornsak Sriamornsak, Srisagul Sungthongjeen

{"title":"Design and Evaluation of New Gel-Based Floating Matrix Tablets Utilizing the Sublimation Technique for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery.","authors":"Worawut Kriangkrai, Satit Puttipipatkhachorn, Pornsak Sriamornsak, Srisagul Sungthongjeen","doi":"10.3390/gels10090581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090581","url":null,"abstract":"A gel-based floating matrix tablet was formulated and evaluated using the sublimation technique to enhance gastroretentive drug delivery. Anhydrous theophylline was employed as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, combined with sublimation agents and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the gel-forming polymer. The resulting tablets exhibited high porosity, immediate floatation, and sustained buoyancy for over 8 h. Optimization of the floating behavior and drug release profiles was achieved by adjusting the viscosity of and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the concentration of sublimation agents, specifically ammonium carbonate and menthol. These agents were selected for their effectiveness in creating a porous structure, thus reducing tablet density and enhancing floatation. Higher HPMC viscosity resulted in increased floating force, slower drug release, and improved swelling properties due to a slower erosion rate. A critical assessment of the balance between tablet porosity, mechanical strength, and drug release kinetics indicates that ammonium carbonate provided superior tablet hardness and lower friability compared to menthol, favoring a controlled release mechanism. The release dynamics of theophylline were best described by the anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion model, suggesting a combined effect of diffusion and erosion. This research advances the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems, highlighting the potential of sublimation-based floating matrix tablets for sustained drug release.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Investigation of a Nanoemulgel Formulated from Tunisian Opuntia ficus-indica L. Seed Oil for Enhanced Wound Healing Activity. 开发和研究用突尼斯鸦片籽油配制的纳米凝胶，以增强伤口愈合活性。

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090582

Badr Bahloul, Enis Ben Bnina, Dorra Dridi, Aya Bouhamed, Luis Castillo Henríquez, Guido Flamini, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit

{"title":"Development and Investigation of a Nanoemulgel Formulated from Tunisian Opuntia ficus-indica L. Seed Oil for Enhanced Wound Healing Activity.","authors":"Badr Bahloul, Enis Ben Bnina, Dorra Dridi, Aya Bouhamed, Luis Castillo Henríquez, Guido Flamini, José Roberto Vega-Baudrit","doi":"10.3390/gels10090582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090582","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to develop a nanoemulgel encapsulating a Tunisian Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) seed oil (PPSO) to assess, for the first time, the in vivo efficacy of this nanoformulation on wound healing. Phytocompounds of this oil have been reported in the literature as having powerful pharmacological activities. However, it remains poorly exploited due to low bioavailability. A nanoemulsion (NE) was designed by determining the required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and subsequently characterized. The mean droplet size was measured at 56.46 ± 1.12 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.23 ± 0.01 using dynamic light scattering. The zeta potential was -31.4 ± 1.4 mV, and the morphology was confirmed and assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These characteristics align with the typical properties of nanoemulsions. The gelification process resulted in the formation of a nanoemulgel from the optimum nanoemulsion. The high wound healing efficiency of the nanoemulgel was confirmed compared to that of a medicinally marketed cream. The outcomes of this research contribute valuable insights, for the first time, into the potential therapeutic applications of PPSO and its innovative pharmaceutical formulation for wound healing.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Jam with Apple Pomace: Gelling, Rheology, and Composition Analysis. 含苹果渣的可持续果酱：胶凝、流变和成分分析。

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090580

Ândria Viegas, Maria João Alegria, Anabela Raymundo

引用次数: 0

Polymeric Dural Biomaterials in Spinal Surgery: A Review. 脊柱手术中的聚合物硬膜生物材料：综述。

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090579

Taoxu Yan, Junyao Cheng, Qing He, Yifan Wang, Chuyue Zhang, Da Huang, Jianheng Liu, Zheng Wang

{"title":"Polymeric Dural Biomaterials in Spinal Surgery: A Review.","authors":"Taoxu Yan, Junyao Cheng, Qing He, Yifan Wang, Chuyue Zhang, Da Huang, Jianheng Liu, Zheng Wang","doi":"10.3390/gels10090579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090579","url":null,"abstract":"Laminectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure by orthopedic and neurosurgeons, aimed at alleviating nerve compression and reducing pain. However, in some cases, excessive proliferation of fibrous scar tissue in the epidural space post-surgery can lead to persistent and intractable lower back pain, a condition known as Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS). The persistent fibrous tissue causes both physical and emotional distress for patients and also makes follow-up surgeries more challenging due to reduced visibility and greater technical difficulty. It has been established that the application of biomaterials to prevent epidural fibrosis post-lumbar surgery is more beneficial than revision surgeries to relieve dural fibrosis. Hydrogel-based biomaterials, with their excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and injectability and tunable mechanical properties, have been increasingly introduced by clinicians and researchers. This paper, building on the foundation of epidural fibrosis, primarily discusses the strategies for the preparation of natural and polymeric biomaterials to prevent epidural fibrosis, their physicochemical properties, and their ability to mitigate the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. It also emphasizes the challenges that need to be addressed to translate laboratory research into clinical practice and the latest advancements in this field.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formulation and Evaluation of Turmeric- and Neem-Based Topical Nanoemulgel against Microbial Infection. 姜黄和印度楝树外用纳米凝胶抗微生物感染的制备与评估

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090578

Sumon Giri, Anhic Chakraborty, Chiranjit Mandal, Tushar Kanti Rajwar, Jitu Halder, Zainab Irfan, Mostafa M Gouda

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Turmeric- and Neem-Based Topical Nanoemulgel against Microbial Infection.","authors":"Sumon Giri, Anhic Chakraborty, Chiranjit Mandal, Tushar Kanti Rajwar, Jitu Halder, Zainab Irfan, Mostafa M Gouda","doi":"10.3390/gels10090578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090578","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of nanoemulgel and phytochemistry has resulted in several recent discoveries in the field of topical delivery systems. The present study aimed to prepare nanoemulgel based on turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) against microbial infection as topical drug delivery. Olive oil (oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant), and PEG600 (co-surfactant) were used for the preparation of nanoemulsion. Carbopol 934 was used as a gelling agent to convert the nanoemulsion to nanoemulgel and promote the control of the release of biological properties of turmeric and neem. The nanoemulsion was characterized based on particle size distribution, PDI values, and compatibility using FTIR analysis. In contrast, the nanoemulgel was evaluated based on pH, viscosity, spreadability, plant extract and excipient compatibility or physical state, in vitro study, ex vivo mucoadhesive study, antimicrobial properties, and stability. The resulting nanoemulsion was homogeneous and stable during the centrifugation process, with the smallest droplets and low PDI values. FTIR analysis also confirmed good compatibility and absence of phase separation between the oil substance, surfactant, and co-surfactant with both plant extracts. The improved nanoemulgel also demonstrated a smooth texture, good consistency, good pH, desired viscosity, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength with the highest spreadability, and 18 h in vitro drug release. Additionally, it exhibited better antimicrobial properties against different microbial strains. Stability studies also revealed that the product had good rheological properties and physicochemical state for a period of over 3 months. The present study affirmed that turmeric- and neem-based nanoemulgel is a promising alternative for microbial infection particularly associated with microorganisms via topical application.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine-Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. 制备基于半胱氨酸-银溶胶和亚甲蓝的复合水凝胶，作为抗癌光动力疗法的前景看好的系统。

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090577

Dmitry V Vishnevetskii, Fedor A Metlin, Yana V Andrianova, Elizaveta E Polyakova, Alexandra I Ivanova, Dmitry V Averkin, Arif R Mekhtiev

{"title":"Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine-Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Dmitry V Vishnevetskii, Fedor A Metlin, Yana V Andrianova, Elizaveta E Polyakova, Alexandra I Ivanova, Dmitry V Averkin, Arif R Mekhtiev","doi":"10.3390/gels10090577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090577","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel supramolecular composite, \"photogels\", was synthesized by mixing of cysteine-silver sol (CSS) and methylene blue (MB). A complex of modern physico-chemical methods of analysis such as viscosimetry, UV spectroscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that MB molecules are uniformly localized mainly in the space between fibers of the gel-network formed by CSS particles. Molecules of the dye also bind with the surface of CSS particles by non-covalent interactions. This fact is reflected in the appearance of a synergistic anticancer effect of gels against human squamous cell carcinoma even in the absence of light irradiation. A mild toxic influence of hydrogels was observed in normal keratinocyte cells. Photodynamic exposure significantly increased gel activity, and there remained a synergistic effect. The study of free-radical oxidation in cells has shown that gels are not only capable of generating reactive oxygen species, but also have other targets of action. Flow cytometric analysis allowed us to find out that obtained hydrogels caused cell cycle arrest both without irradiation and with light exposure. The obtained gels are of considerable interest both from the point of view of academics and applied science, for example, in the photodynamic therapy of superficial neoplasms.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles via Ganoderma Lucidum Extract: Structural and Functional Analysis in Polymer Composites. 灵芝提取物绿色合成氧化锌纳米粒子：聚合物复合材料的结构与功能分析

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090576

Ayça Can, Kadriye Kızılbey

{"title":"Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles via Ganoderma Lucidum Extract: Structural and Functional Analysis in Polymer Composites.","authors":"Ayça Can, Kadriye Kızılbey","doi":"10.3390/gels10090576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090576","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic nanoparticles are of growing interest due to their broad applications. This study presents the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (ZnNPs) using Ganoderma Lucidum mushroom extract, characterized by DLS, SEM, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy analyses. The synthesis parameters, including extract/salt ratio and mixing time, significantly influenced nanoparticle yield, size, and polydispersity, with longer mixing times leading to larger, more varied particles. Specifically, the sizes of ZnNPs synthesized at a 1:1 extract/ZnCl2 ratio after 3 h and 24 h were 90.0 nm and 243.3 nm, with PDI values of 48.69% and 51.91%, respectively. At a 1:2 ratio, the sizes were 242.3 nm at 3 h (PDI: 43.19%) and a mixture of 1.5 nm, 117.4 nm, and 647.9 nm at 24 h (PDI: 2.72%, 10.97%, and 12.43%). Polymer films incorporating PVA, chitosan, and ZnNPs were analyzed for their morphological, spectroscopic, and mechanical properties. Chitosan reduced tensile strength and elongation due to its brittleness, while ZnNPs further increased film brittleness and structural degradation. A comparison of the tensile strength of films A and C revealed that the addition of chitosan to the PVA film resulted in an approximately 10.71% decrease in tensile strength. Similarly, the analysis of films B1 and B2 showed that the tensile strength of the B2 film decreased by 10.53%. Swelling tests showed that ZnNPs initially enhanced swelling, but excessive amounts led to reduced capacity due to aggregation. This pioneering study demonstrates the potential of Ganoderma Lucidum extract in nanoparticle synthesis and provides foundational insights for future research, especially in wound dressing applications.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Key Factors Influencing Gelation in Plant vs. Animal Proteins: A Comparative Mini-Review. 影响植物蛋白与动物蛋白凝胶化的关键因素：比较小综述。

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090575

Mohammadreza Khalesi, Kyeesha Glenn-Davi, Nima Mohammadi, Richard J FitzGerald

{"title":"Key Factors Influencing Gelation in Plant vs. Animal Proteins: A Comparative Mini-Review.","authors":"Mohammadreza Khalesi, Kyeesha Glenn-Davi, Nima Mohammadi, Richard J FitzGerald","doi":"10.3390/gels10090575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090575","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents a comparative analysis of gelation properties in plant-based versus animal-based proteins, emphasizing key factors such as pH, ionic environment, temperature, and anti-nutritional factors. Gelation, a crucial process in food texture formation, is influenced by these factors in varying ways for plant and animal proteins. Animal proteins, like casein, whey, meat, and egg, generally show stable gelation properties, responding predictably to pH, temperature, and ionic changes. In contrast, plant proteins such as soy, pea, wheat, and oilseed show more variable gelation, often requiring specific conditions, like the presence of NaCl or optimal pH, to form effective gels. Animal proteins tend to gel more reliably, while plant proteins require precise environmental adjustments for similar results. Understanding these factors is crucial for selecting and processing proteins to achieve desired textures and functionalities in food products. This review highlights how changing these key factors can optimize gel properties in both plant- and animal-based proteins.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Evaluation of the Biological Activities of a Plain Mucoadhesive Hydrogel as a Potential Vehicle for Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery. 开发和评估作为口腔黏膜给药潜在载体的普通黏液黏性水凝胶的生物活性。

IF 5 3区化学

Gels Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090574

Ana G Pardo-Rendón, Jorge L Mejía-Méndez, Edgar R López-Mena, Sergio A Bernal-Chávez

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of the Biological Activities of a Plain Mucoadhesive Hydrogel as a Potential Vehicle for Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery.","authors":"Ana G Pardo-Rendón, Jorge L Mejía-Méndez, Edgar R López-Mena, Sergio A Bernal-Chávez","doi":"10.3390/gels10090574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090574","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop HGs based on cationic guar gum (CGG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PG), and citric acid (CA) using a 2k factorial experimental design to optimize their properties. HGs were characterized through FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biological activities of HGs were determined by evaluating their mucoadhesive capacity and antibacterial activity in vitro, whereas their toxicity was analyzed using Artemia salina nauplii as an in vivo model. Results revealed that HGs were successfully optimized for their viscosity, pH, and sensory properties, and it was observed that varying concentrations of PEG-75 did not influence them. Through SEM analyses, it was noted that increased levels of PEG-75 resulted in HGs with distinct porosity and textures, whereas FTIR and Raman spectroscopy exhibited representative peaks of the raw materials used during the synthesis process. TGA studies indicated the thermal stability of HGs, as they presented degradation patterns at 100 and 300 °C. The synthesized HGs exhibited similar mucoadhesion kinetic profiles, demonstrating a displacement factor at an equilibrium of 0.57 mm/mg at 5 min. The antibacterial activity of HGs was appraised as poor against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to their MIC90 values (>500 μg/mL). Regarding A. salina, treatment with HGs neither decreased their viability nor induced morphological changes. The obtained results suggest the suitability of CGG/PEG HGs for oral mucosa drug delivery and expand the knowledge about their mucoadhesive capacity, antibacterial potential, and in vivo biocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11431386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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