Gels最新文献

{"title":"Catalytic Interface of rGO-VO₂/W₅O₁₄ Hydrogel for High-Performance Electrochemical Water Oxidation.","authors":"Mrunal Bhosale, Rutuja U Amate, Pritam J Morankar, Chan-Wook Jeon","doi":"10.3390/gels11080670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The continuous increase in global energy demand necessitates the development of sustainable, clean, and highly efficient methods of energy generation. Electrochemical water splitting, comprising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), represents a promising strategy but remains hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics and limited availability of highly active electrocatalysts especially under alkaline conditions. Addressing this challenge, we successfully synthesized a rGO-VO₂/W₅O₁₄ (rG-VO₂/W₅O₁₄) hydrogel electrocatalyst through a facile hydrothermal approach. The prepared composite distinctly reveals an advantageous hierarchical microstructure characterized by VO₂ nanoflakes uniformly distributed on the surface of rGO nanosheets, intricately integrated with W₅O₁₄ nanorods. Evaluated in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, the optimized rG-VO₂/W₅O₁₄-2 catalyst demonstrates remarkable electrocatalytic performance towards OER, achieving a low overpotential of 265.8 mV and a reduced Tafel slope of 81.9 mV dec^-1. Furthermore, the catalyst maintains robust stability with minimal performance degradation, exhibiting an overpotential of only 273.0 mV after 5000 cyclic stability tests. The superior catalytic activity and durability are attributed to the synergistic combination of enriched chemical composition, effective electron transfer, and abundant catalytic active sites inherent in the well-optimized rG-VO₂/W₅O₁₄-2 composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Fabrication of pH-Visualised Silk Fibroin-Sericin Dual-Network Hydrogels for Urine Detection in Diapers.","authors":"Yuxi Liu, Kejing Zhan, Jiacheng Chen, Yu Dong, Tao Yan, Xin Zhang, Zhijuan Pan","doi":"10.3390/gels11080671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urine pH serves as an indicator of systemic acid-base balance and helps detect early-stage urinary and renal disorders. However, conventional monitoring methods rely on instruments or manual procedures, limiting their use among vulnerable groups such as infants and bedridden elderly individuals. In this study, a pH-responsive smart hydrogel was developed and integrated into diapers to enable real-time, equipment-free, and visually interpretable urine pH monitoring. An optimised degumming process enabled one-step preparation of a silk fibroin-sericin aqueous solution. We employed a visible light-induced photo-crosslinking strategy to fabricate a dual-network hydrogel with enhanced strength and stability. Increasing sericin content accelerated gelation (≤15 min) and improved performance, achieving a maximum stress of 54 kPa, strain of 168%, and water absorption of 566%. We incorporated natural anthocyanins and fine-tuned them to produce four distinct colour changes in response to urine pH, with significantly improved colour differentiation (ΔE). Upon contact with urine, the hydrogel displays green within the normal pH range, indicating a healthy state. At the same time, a reddish-purple or blue colour serves as a visual warning of abnormal acidity or alkalinity. This intelligent hydrogel system combines rapid gelation, excellent mechanical properties, and a sensitive visual response, offering a promising platform for body fluid monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft Gels in Food Systems: Recent Advances, Applications, and Technological Innovations.","authors":"Manuela Machado, Eduardo Manuel Aguiar da Costa, Sara Silva","doi":"10.3390/gels11080667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft gels, such as hydrogels, organogels, aerogels, and bigels, represent versatile materials that are increasingly utilized within food systems to modify texture, regulate nutrient delivery, serve as fat substitutes, and enhance product shelf life. Their structural diversity and tunable properties enable targeted solutions for healthier, more sustainable, and consumer-centric products. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in soft gel science, emphasizing industrial feasibility, regulatory compliance, and strategies to overcome commercialization barriers such as cost, scalability, and consumer acceptance. For each gel type, we compare functional performance with conventional structuring and encapsulation systems, highlighting cases where soft gels offer superior stability, bioactive protection, or caloric reduction. We also examine emerging applications, including gel-based frying media, 3D printing, and nano-enabled formulations, alongside potential risks related to long-term exposure and bioaccumulation. Regulatory frameworks across major jurisdictions are summarized, and sustainability considerations, from sourcing to life cycle impact, are discussed. By integrating technological innovation with safety, regulatory, and market perspectives, this review identifies key research priorities and practical pathways for translating soft gel technologies from laboratory concepts into commercially viable, health-driven food solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Experiment of High-Strength Temperature- and Salt-Resistant Gel System.","authors":"Changhua Yang, Di Xiao, Jun Wang, Tuo Liang","doi":"10.3390/gels11080669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the issues of poor thermal stability, inadequate salt tolerance, and environmental risks in conventional gel systems for the development of high-temperature, high-salinity heterogeneous reservoirs, a triple-synergy gel system comprising anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and phenolic resin (SMP) was developed in this study. The optimal synthesis parameters-APAM of 180 mg/L, PEI:SMP = 3:1, salinity of 150,000 ppm, and temperature of 110 °C-were determined via response surface methodology, and a time-viscosity model was established. Compared with existing binary systems, the proposed gel exhibited a mass retention rate of 93.48% at 110 °C, a uniform porous structure (pore size of 2-8 μm), and structural stability under high salinity (150,000 ppm). Nuclear magnetic resonance displacement tests showed that the utilization efficiency of crude oil in 0.1-1 μm micropores increased to 21.32%. Parallel dual-core flooding experiments further confirmed the selective plugging capability in heterogeneous systems with a permeability contrast of 10:1: The high-permeability layer (500 mD) achieved a plugging rate of 98.7%, while the recovery factor of the low-permeability layer increased by 13.6%. This gel system provides a green and efficient profile control solution for deep, high-temperature, high-salinity reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Succinoglycan-Riclin-Zinc-Phthalocyanine-Based Composite Hydrogel with Enhanced Photosensitive and Antibacterial Activity Targeting Biofilms.","authors":"Yunxia Yang, Hongmei Zhang, Xueqing Zhang, Shuyan Shen, Baojuan Wu, Dexin Peng, Jie Yin, Yanqing Wang","doi":"10.3390/gels11080672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections cause serious problems associated with wound treatment and serious complications, leading to serious threats to the global public. Bacterial resistance was mainly attributed to the formation of biofilms and their protective properties. Hydrogels suitable for irregular surfaces with effective antibacterial activity have attracted extensive attention as potential materials. In this study, a succinoglycan-riclin-zinc-phthalocyanine-based composite (RL-Zc) hydrogel was synthesized through an amine reaction within an hour. The hydrogel was characterized via FT-IR, SEM, and rheology analysis, exhibiting an elastic solid gel state stably. The hydrogel showed large inhibition circles on <i>E. coli</i> as well as <i>S. aureus</i> under near-infrared irradiation (NIR). RL-Zc hydrogel exhibited positively charged surfaces and possessed a superior penetrability toward bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, RL-Zc hydrogel generated abundant single oxygen and mild heat rapidly, resulting in disrupted bacterial biofilm as well as amplified antibacterial effectiveness. A metabolomics analysis confirmed that RL-Zc hydrogel induced a metabolic disorder in bacteria, which resulted from phospholipid metabolism and oxidative stress metabolism related to biofilm disruption. Hence, this study provided a potential phototherapy for biofilm-induced bacterial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gel-Type Electrofluorochromic Devices for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications.","authors":"Xuecheng Wang, Lijing Wen, Jinxia Ren, Yonghen Wen, Yonghua Li, Yizhou Zhang, Kenneth Yin Zhang","doi":"10.3390/gels11080673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gel-type electrofluorochromic (EFC) devices, which reversibly modulate photoluminescence under electrical stimuli, have emerged as versatile platforms for advanced optoelectronic applications. By integrating redox-active luminophores with soft, ion-conductive gel matrices, these systems combine the structural robustness of solids with the ionic mobility of liquids, enabling a high-contrast, flexible, and multifunctional operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of gel-based EFC technologies, outlining fundamental working principles, device architectures, and key performance metrics such as contrast ratio, switching time, and cycling stability. Gel matrices are categorized into ionogels, organogels, and hydrogels, and their physicochemical properties are discussed in relation to EFC device performance. Recent advances are highlighted across applications ranging from flexible displays and rewritable electronic paper to strain and biosensors, data encryption, smart windows, and hybrid energy-interactive systems. Finally, current challenges and emerging strategies are analyzed to guide the design of next-generation adaptive, intelligent, and energy-efficient optoelectronic platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructive Neuroengineering of Axon Polarization Control Using Modifiable Agarose Gel Platforms for Neuronal Circuit Construction.","authors":"Soya Hagiwara, Kazuhiro Tsuneishi, Naoya Takada, Kenji Yasuda","doi":"10.3390/gels11080668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axon polarization is a fundamental process in neuronal development, providing the structural basis for directional signaling in neural circuits. Precise control of axon specification is, thus, essential for the bottom-up construction of neuronal networks with defined architecture and connectivity. Although neurite length and elongation timing have both been implicated as determinants of axonal fate, their relative contributions have remained unresolved due to technical limitations in manipulating these factors independently in conventional culture systems. Here, we developed a constructive neuroengineering platform based on modifiable agarose gel microstructures that enables dynamic, in situ control of neurite outgrowth length and timing during neuronal cultivation. This approach allowed us to directly address whether axon polarization depends primarily on neurite length or the order of neurite extension. Using a single-neurite elongation paradigm, we quantitatively defined two length thresholds for axon specification: a critical length of 43.3 μm, corresponding to a 50% probability of axonal differentiation, and a definitive length of 95.4 μm, beyond which axonal fate was reliably established. In experiments involving simultaneous or sequential elongation of two neurites, we observed that neurite length-not elongation order-consistently predicted axonal identity, even when a second neurite was introduced after the first had already begun to grow. The presence of a competing neurite modestly elevated the effective critical length, suggesting inhibitory interactions that modulate length thresholds. These findings provide the first direct experimental confirmation that neurite length is the primary determinant of axon polarization and demonstrate the utility of constructive microfabrication approaches for dissecting fundamental principles of neuronal polarity. Our platform establishes a powerful experimental foundation for future efforts to achieve complete control over axon and dendrite orientation during the engineered construction of functional neuronal circuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Epichlorohydrin-Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Xylan for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Filtration Control in Water-Based Drilling Fluids.","authors":"Yutong Li, Fan Zhang, Bo Wang, Jiaming Liu, Yu Wang, Zhengli Shi, Leyao Du, Kaiwen Wang, Wangyuan Zhang, Zonglun Wang, Liangbin Dou","doi":"10.3390/gels11080666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymers derived from renewable polysaccharides offer promising avenues for the development of high-temperature, environmentally friendly drilling fluids. However, their industrial application remains limited by inadequate thermal stability and poor colloidal compatibility in complex mud systems. In this study, we report the rational design and synthesis of epichlorohydrin-crosslinked carboxymethyl xylan (ECX), developed through a synergistic strategy combining covalent crosslinking with hydrophilic functionalization. When incorporated into water-based drilling fluid base slurries, ECX facilitates the formation of a robust gel suspension. Comprehensive structural analyses (FT-IR, XRD, TGA/DSC) reveal that dual carboxymethylation and ether crosslinking impart a 10 °C increase in glass transition temperature and a 15% boost in crystallinity, forming a rigid-flexible three-dimensional network. ECX-modified drilling fluids demonstrate excellent colloidal stability, as evidenced by an enhancement in zeta potential from -25 mV to -52 mV, which significantly improves dispersion and interparticle electrostatic repulsion. In practical formulation (1.0 wt%), ECX achieves a 620% rise in yield point and a 71.6% reduction in fluid loss at room temperature, maintaining 70% of rheological performance and 57.5% of filtration control following dynamic aging at 150 °C. Tribological tests show friction reduction up to 68.2%, efficiently retained after thermal treatment. SEM analysis further confirms the formation of dense and uniform polymer-clay composite filter cakes, elucidating the mechanism behind its high-temperature resilience and effective sealing performance. Furthermore, ECX demonstrates high biodegradability (BOD₅/COD = 21.3%) and low aquatic toxicity (EC₅₀ = 14 mg/L), aligning with sustainable development goals. This work elucidates the correlation between molecular engineering, gel microstructure, and macroscopic function, underscoring the great potential of eco-friendly polysaccharide-based crosslinked polymers for industrial gel-based fluid design in harsh environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoactive Hydrogels as Materials for Biological Applications: Preparation of Thermally Stable Photoactive Films.","authors":"Oscar G Marambio, Lidia Álvarez, Héctor Díaz-Chamorro, Julio Sánchez, Rudy Martin-Trasancos, Christian Erick Palavecino, Guadalupe Del C Pizarro","doi":"10.3390/gels11080663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogel materials have become an efficient, bioactive, and multifunctional alternative with great potential for biomedical applications. In this work, photoactive films were successfully designed for optical processing, and their photoactivity was tested in photodynamic therapy (PDT), such as antimicrobial patches. The stimulus-response hydrogel films are made of a hydrophilic polymer based on vinyl monomers, specifically 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylamide (AAm), in a 1:1 molar ratio, along with the photochromic agent, 3,3-dimethylindolin-6'-nitrobenzoespiropirano (BSP), and a crosslinking agent, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). These hydrogel films were successfully created using the photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (IRGACURE 2959), MBA, and BSP in different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mol%), which were later tested in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the photosensitizer Ru(bpy)₂²⁺ against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The results showed that, while free Ru(bpy)₂²⁺ needed concentrations of 4-8 µg/mL to eliminate methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains, only partial inactivation was achieved for methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. The addition of the hydrogel films with BSP improved their effectiveness, lowering the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to 2 µg/mL to fully inactivate MSSA and MRSA strains. These findings demonstrate that the combined use of hydrogel films containing BSP and Ru(bpy)₂²⁺ within a hydrogel matrix not only boosts antimicrobial activity but also highlights the potential of these photoactive films as innovative photosensitive antimicrobial coatings. This synergistic effect of <b><i>BSP</i></b> and Ru(bpy)₂²⁺ indicates that these materials are promising candidates for next-generation antimicrobial coatings and creative photosensitive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bioactive Emulgel Formulation of <i>Equisetum telmateia</i> Ehrh. Methanol Extract: Integrating Antioxidant Activity, Skin Enzyme Inhibition, and Permeation Kinetics.","authors":"Tuğba Buse Şentürk, Timur Hakan Barak, Emre Şefik Çağlar, Emine Saldamlı, Ebru Özdemir Nath, Zafer Ömer Özdemir","doi":"10.3390/gels11080662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Equisetum telmateia</i> Ehrh. (great horsetail) belongs to the Equisetaceae family and its aerial parts have been traditionally used for skin conditions and to achieve healthy and resilient skin, nails, and hair. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of skin-related enzymes by, the antioxidant capacity of, and the phytochemical composition of <i>E. telmateia</i>. Additionally, a novel emulgel was formulated from the main methanolic extract and characterized in terms of pH, viscosity, determination of content quantification, textural profile analysis, and spreadability. After the characterization studies, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation and penetration studies were performed. Firstly, the dried aerial parts of <i>E. telmateia</i> were macerated in methanol, followed by partitioning with solvents of increasing polarity: <i>n</i>-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and <i>n</i>-butanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TOAC assays, while enzyme inhibition was analyzed for collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 53 phytochemical compounds. Protocatechuic acid, the main phenolic compound, was quantitatively analyzed in each subfraction by HPTLC. The in vitro release studies showed sustained release of the reference substance (protocatechuic acid) and the kinetic modeling of the release was fitted to the Higuchi model. The ex vivo permeation and penetration studies showed that the formulation exhibited a retention of 3.06 ± 0.21 µg.cm^-2 after 24 h, whereas the suspended extract demonstrated a skin retention of 1.28 ± 0.47 µg.cm^-2. Both the extracts and the formulated emulgel exhibited inhibitory effects on skin-related enzymes. Our finding suggested that <i>E. telmateia</i> might be a valuable ingredient for wrinkle care and skin-regenerating cosmetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}