Gels最新文献

{"title":"Silica Nanoparticle-Reinforced Bioactive Oxidized Alginate/Polyacrylamide-Gelatin Interpenetrating Polymer Network Composite Hydrogels.","authors":"Yanan Bu, Jiayi Liu, Jiji Fan, Xiuqiong Chen, Huiqiong Yan, Qiang Lin","doi":"10.3390/gels11090748","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alginate hydrogels are promising tissue engineering biomaterials due to their biocompatibility and structural similarity to the extracellular matrix, but their poor mechanical strength, rapid degradation, and lack of bioactivity limit applications. To address this, a novel oxidized alginate/polyacrylamide/silica nanoparticle-gelatin (OA/PAAm/SiO₂-GT) composite hydrogel was developed using an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) strategy, reinforced with silica nanoparticles and coated with gelatin. The influence of SiO₂ content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, swelling behavior, biodegradability, biomineralization, and cytocompatibility of the composite hydrogel was systematically investigated. Experimental results revealed that SiO₂ nanoparticles interacted with the polymer matrix within the composite hydrogel. With increasing content of SiO₂, the porosity of the OA/PAAm/SiO₂-GT composite hydrogel gradually decreased, while the mechanical properties exhibited a trend of initial enhancement followed by reduction, with maximum compressive strength at a SiO₂ content of 1.0% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>). Moreover, the incorporation of SiO₂ nanoparticles effectively modulated the swelling behavior, biodegradability, and biomineralization capacity of the composite hydrogel under in vitro conditions. Meanwhile, the OA/PAAm/SiO₂-GT composite hydrogel supported favorable cell adhesion and proliferation, optimal at a SiO₂ content of 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>). Furthermore, with increasing concentration of SiO₂ nanoparticles, the intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity progressively increased, suggesting a promotive effect of SiO₂ nanoparticles on the osteogenic differentiation of MG63 cells. Therefore, the incorporation of SiO₂ nanoparticles into the OA/PAAm IPN matrices provides an effective means to tailor its biological properties, rendering it great potential for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Flavor Stability of Yuja (<i>Citrus junos</i> Tanaka) Oil-Based Nano-Carriers and Dried Gels.","authors":"Seo A Jung, Piyanan Chuesiang, Jun Tae Kim, Gye Hwa Shin","doi":"10.3390/gels11090751","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano-carriers and dried gels were prepared to prevent the inherent flavor of Yuja (<i>Citrus junos</i> Tanaka) from rapidly deteriorating. The properties and stability of volatile components of Yuja dried gels were compared by using colloidal systems (nanoemulsion (NE) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)), coating materials (maltodextrin (MD) and a mixture of MD and β-cyclodextrin (MD/βCD)), and drying processes (spray-drying and freeze-drying). Drying was found to have a significant effect on the particle size, moisture content, color, morphology, and volatile profiles of Yuja dried gels. Meanwhile, the stability of limonene and γ-terpinene, the main volatile components of Yuja oil, was affected by the colloidal system, coating material, and storage temperature. When Yuja oil was encapsulated by an NLC and MD/βCD coating, the degradation of limonene and γ-terpinene of Yuja dried gels was reduced during storage at 4 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on the Application of Food Colloids in Precise Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Bioactive Compounds.","authors":"Yong Guo, Chao Ma, Lianxin Du, Yan Xu, Xin Yang","doi":"10.3390/gels11090746","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of targeted medications and personalized nutritious foods, several bioactive compounds or pharmaceuticals have received a lot of attention for their great functional qualities. However, practical applications confront significant restrictions since these functional compounds frequently exhibit poor solubility and bioavailability during distribution. Food-grade colloidal materials, with their superior biocompatibility and safety profile, have emerged as extremely promising medication and nutrition delivery alternatives. Using food colloidal carrier systems allows for effective targeted drug release while improving the stability and transport efficiency of bioactive compounds. As a result, this study analyzes the design concepts and preparation procedures for food colloidal carriers, as well as outlines research advances in several food colloidal-based tissue delivery systems. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most recent applications of food colloidal systems in delivering unstable bioactive compounds (such as vitamins and minerals) and provides future development possibilities for food colloidal delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concave-Octahedral Fe²⁺-Rich Fe-MOF/FU Nano-Blocks with Enhanced pH-Responsive Nanozyme Activity Toward Stimuli-Responsive Gels for Chemo-Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy.","authors":"Desheng Wang, Changjin Xu, Laibing Wang, Herima Qi, Riqing Cheng, Liang Bao, Huiqing Guo, Shikui Wu","doi":"10.3390/gels11090750","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) offer exceptional potential for cancer treatment through reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification and apoptotic induction. However, conventional Fe-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF) nanomaterials are limited by inadequate Fe²⁺ concentrations, resulting in suboptimal Fenton catalytic performance. This study presents concave octahedral Fe-MOF nanomaterials with integrated bimetallic Fe/Zn centers through controlled solvothermal synthesis. The nanoplatform exhibits high specific surface area (559 m²/g) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loading efficiency (58.7%). These structural properties establish it as a potential nanobuilding block for constructing stimuli-responsive gels. With optimized Fe²⁺ content (57.3%), the Fe-MOF material shows enhanced nanozyme-like activity (V_max = 4.58 × 10^-7 M/s, K_cat = 1.83 × 10^-3 s^-1) for H₂O₂-mediated ·OH generation. The Fe-MOF@FU demonstrates pH-responsive drug release (76.5% at pH 5.0) and glutathione (GSH) depletion, synergistically enhancing oxidative stress. Biocompatibility studies confirm safety, while in vitro investigations show remarkable anticancer activity against 4T1 cells with 17.8% viability, supporting its dual role as an independent therapeutic agent and a functional component for future gel-based delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Gel Properties of <i>Nemipterus virgatus</i> Myofibrillar Protein Emulsion Gels by Curdlan: Development and Application to Emulsified Surimi.","authors":"Zhiqin Wu, Yongyan Qu, Ouhongyi Li, Soottawat Benjakul, Aimei Zhou","doi":"10.3390/gels11090753","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to improve the gel properties of <i>Nemipterus virgatus</i> myofibrillar protein (MP) emulsion gels by Curdlan (Cur) and investigate the effect of the emulsion gels on the quality of emulsified surimi gels. The effects of different concentrations of Cur on the gel properties of MP emulsion gels were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that intermolecular interactions between Cur and MP were primarily hydrogen bonds. Cur enhanced the adsorption capacity of MP at the oil/water interface, inducing the formation of a more uniform and dense composite network structure in Cur/MP emulsion gels. Adding 6% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) of Cur significantly increased the hardness, gel strength, water-holding capacity (WHC) and rheological properties of the gel. In addition, microstructural images showed that MP formed a complex interpenetrating network with Cur, thus enhancing the gel network skeleton. Low-field NMR confirmed that the addition of Cur decreased water mobility in the emulsion gel system. Compared to the direct addition of oil, the application of Cur/MP emulsion gels to surimi significantly improved the texture, gel strength, and WHC of the surimi gel. These findings provide a reference for the development of myofibrillar protein emulsion gels and broaden their potential application in the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-like Fracture Toughness and Stress-Relaxation Ability in PVA-Agar-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Ismael Lamas, Bhuvana L Chandrashekar, Claudia C Biguetti, Mohammad R Islam","doi":"10.3390/gels11090747","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft tissues exhibit remarkable stretchability, fracture toughness, and stress-relaxation ability. They possess a large water content to support cellular processes. Mimicking such a combination of mechanical and physical properties in hydrogels is important for tissue engineering applications but remains challenging. This work aims to develop a hydrogel that can combine excellent mechanical properties with cellular viability. The research focused on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agar double-network (DN) hydrogels, fabricated by thermal gelation and freeze-thawing methods. Their mechanical properties were characterized through tension, compression, fracture, and stress-relaxation tests, and their cellular viability was measured through cytotoxicity tests. The results show that the PVA/agar DN gels are highly stretchable (>200%) and compressible (>30%) while containing high water content. The incorporation of agar by 6 wt% improved the fracture toughness of hydrogels from 1 to 1.76 kJ/m². The degree of stress-relaxation, a key indicator of gel viscoelastic properties, improved by roughly 170% with an increase in agar content from 0 to 6 wt%. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that the gels, being physically cross-linked, were able to promote cellular proliferation. This work shows that tough and viscoelastic PVA/agar DN gels are suitable for soft tissue engineering applications, especially cartilage repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NMR/MRI Techniques to Characterize Alginate-Based Gel Rafts for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.","authors":"Ewelina Baran, Piotr Kulinowski, Marek Król, Przemysław Dorożyński","doi":"10.3390/gels11090749","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with symptoms such as heartburn, resulting from gastric content reflux. Alginate-based raft-forming gel formulations represent a non-pharmacological strategy for GERD management by forming a floating gel barrier in the stomach. This study evaluated three commercial anti-reflux oral gel systems under simulated fed-state gastric conditions, using in vitro magnetic resonance relaxometry techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) to visualize gel raft formation, spatial structure, and spatial distribution of effective T₂ relaxation time. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry in 0.01 M deuterium chloride (DCl) measured T₁ and T₂ relaxation times of the protons that were initially included in the preparation to assess its molecular mobility within the gel matrix. Two formulations formed floating, coherent gels, whereas the remaining one exhibited only polymer swelling without flotation. In one case, relaxometry data revealed a solid-like component that can be detected, indicating enhanced mechanical stability. The performance of each formulation was influenced by interactions among alginate, bicarbonates, and calcium ions, which determined gel consistency and flotation behavior. MRI and NMR relaxometry in vitro provide valuable non-invasive insights into the structural and functional behavior of alginate-based gel formulations. This approach supports the rational design of advanced gel-based therapies for GERD by linking molecular composition with in situ performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Approaches for the 3D Printing of Collagen-Sourced Biomaterials Against Infectious and Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Yugyung Lee, Chi H Lee","doi":"10.3390/gels11090745","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collagen is a versatile material, and collagen in the human body strengthens the muscles and related organs, allowing good substances to be absorbed into the bloodstream while preventing the absorption of toxic substances. Thus, collagen has been broadly applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. A comprehensive framework for various collagen products has been created by integrating collagen resources with additive components. The application of 3D-bioprinting technologies for designing physiological models further allows for the introduction of enhanced preclinical testing tools that can contribute to successful elucidation of the mechanisms behind host-pathogen interactions, and subsequent prevention and treatment of various diseases. In this review, novel strategies for the 3D-printing production of collagen-sourced biomedical devices, as well as diverse applications customized with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, were thoroughly examined. Ongoing challenges, including the inherent limitations in the mechanical weakness of collagen-based bioinks, such as printability and stability, along with cell viability and bioavailability, and advanced strategies addressing those challenges, were also reviewed. An integration of 3D printing with collagen as a bioink is enormously efficient in biomedical applications, demonstrating its great potential for clinical translation against infectious diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Enabled Flexible PVA/CNPs Hydrogel Film Sensor for Abdominal Respiration Monitoring.","authors":"Chengcheng Peng, Xinjiang Zhang, Ziyan Shu, Cailiu Yin, Baorong Liu","doi":"10.3390/gels11090743","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a flexible hydrogel film sensor based on the intermixing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and biomass-derived carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) was prepared and microstructures were constructed by replicating sandpaper templates on its surface. The sensor thus has good overall sensing performance with a sensitivity of 101 kPa^-1, a fast response/recovery time of 22 ms and 20,000 fatigue cycles. The sensor was experimentally verified to accurately capture human joint movements, current signals of written letters, and weight differences in the size of spherical objects. Based on this, a breathing phase classification framework was constructed using the 1D-CNN algorithm, achieving a synergistic enhancement effect between environmentally scalable materials and Deep learning algorithms. This approach not only improves the signal discrimination function, but also provides new ideas for wearable medical monitoring, haptic feedback and intelligent robot human-machine interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Thermal Performance of Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O-Based Gel Phase Change Materials in Solar Greenhouses Using Machine Learning.","authors":"Wenhe Liu, Xuhui Wu, Mengmeng Yang, Yuhan Huang, Zhanyang Xu, Mingze Yao, Yikui Bai, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/gels11090744","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11090744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the design of gel phase change composite wall materials for solar greenhouses, the alteration of material composition could directly affect the thermal performance of gel phase change composite wall materials. In order to obtain better suitable gel phasechange composite wall material for solar greenhouses, Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O-based gel phasechange materials with different content of ingredient (Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O, C₃₅H₄₉O₂₉, KCl, and nano-α-Fe₂O₃) were obtained via the Taguchi method and machine learning algorithms, such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting Trees (GBDT). The result shows that the GBDT is more suitable for the thermal performance optimization prediction of gel phase change composite wall materials, including time cooling (TC), latent heat of phase change (ΔH_m), supercooling degree (ΔT), and phase change temperature (T_m). The determination coefficient (R²) of time cooling (TC), latent heat of phase change (ΔH_m), supercooling degree (ΔT), and phase change temperature (T_m) by GBDT are 0.9987, 0.99965, 1, and 0.9995, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) coefficient percentage of supercooling degree (ΔT), phase change temperature (T_m), latent heat of phase change (ΔH_m), and time of cooling (TC) by GBDT are 0.32%, 0.25%, 0.17%, and 0.26%, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) of supercooling degree (ΔT), phase change temperature (T_m), latent heat of phase change (ΔH_m), and time of cooling (TC) by GBDT are 0.41%, 0.32%, 0.19%, and 0.35%, respectively. The optimal result predicted by GBDT is Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O + 5% Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O + 12% KCl + 0.2% Nano-α-Fe₂O₃ + 3% C₃₅H₄₉O₂₉, which was verified by experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}