Gels最新文献

{"title":"Research Progress of Supramolecular Gels in the Field of Petroleum Engineering.","authors":"Liyao Dai, Jinsheng Sun, Kaihe Lv, Yingrui Bai, Jianlong Wang, Chaozheng Liu, Mei-Chun Li","doi":"10.3390/gels11080661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional petroleum engineering materials have problems such as single functionality and poor environmental adaptability in terms of lost circulation control and enhanced oil recovery. Supramolecular gels, with their dynamic reversible non-covalent network structure, demonstrate unique advantages in this regard. This paper classifies supramolecular gels into hydrogen bond type, metal coordination type, host-guest type, and electrostatic interaction type based on differences in crosslinking structures. It explains the construction principles and characteristics of each type of gel and analyses their application progress in petroleum engineering fields, such as lost circulation control in drilling, temporary plugging in fracturing, and profile control in enhanced oil recovery. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different systems and future development directions. Research has shown that the molecular design strategy of supramolecular gels can effectively address technical challenges under complex conditions, offering new insights for oil and gas field development. Further optimization of their long-term stability and large-scale production technology is needed to advance their practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Waxes as Gelators in Edible Structured Oil Systems: A Review.","authors":"Dafni Dimakopoulou-Papazoglou, Konstantina Zampouni, Eugenios Katsanidis","doi":"10.3390/gels11080656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of natural waxes to create edible structured oil systems, namely oleogels and bigels, represents an innovative approach to replacing trans and saturated fats in food products, offering healthier alternatives for the food industry. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the utilization of natural waxes in the formulation of oleogels and bigels, their interactions with other ingredients, and the methods employed to assess their physicochemical properties. A comprehensive analysis is also presented on the impact of processing parameters on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of these systems, as well as their oxidative stability. Additionally, the application of structured oil systems in various food products, including spreads, dairy, and meat products, is explored, along with a discussion of the attributes of the final products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Antimicrobial Gels Based on Clove Essential Oil-Cyclodextrin Complex and Plant Extracts for Topical Use.","authors":"Alina Ionela Stancu, Lia Mara Dițu, Eliza Oprea, Anton Ficai, Irinel Adriana Badea, Mihaela Buleandră, Oana Brîncoveanu, Anca Gabriela Mirea, Sorina Nicoleta Voicu, Adina Magdalena Musuc, Ludmila Aricov, Daniela Cristina Culita, Magdalena Mititelu","doi":"10.3390/gels11080653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop and characterise novel hydrogels based on natural bioactive compounds for topical antimicrobial applications. Four gel systems were formulated using different polymers, namely polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 940, CBP-G), chitosan with high and medium molecular weights (CTH-G and CTM-G), and sodium alginate (ALG-G), incorporating tinctures of <i>Verbena officinalis</i> and <i>Aloysia triphylla</i>, <i>Laurus nobilis</i> essential oil, and a <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin-clove essential oil complex. All gels displayed a homogeneous macroscopic appearance and maintained stability for over 90 days. Rheological studies demonstrated gel-like behaviour for CBP-G and ALG-G, with well-defined linear viscoelastic regions and distinct yield points, while CTM-G exhibited viscoelastic liquid-like properties. SEM imaging confirmed uniform and continuous matrices, supporting controlled active compound distribution. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) revealed a two-step degradation profile for all gels, characterised by high thermal stability up to 230 °C and near-total decomposition by 500 °C. FTIR spectra confirmed the incorporation of bioactive compounds and products and highlighted varying interaction strengths with polymer matrices, which were stronger in CBP-G and CTH-G. Antimicrobial evaluation demonstrated that chitosan-based gels exhibited the most potent inhibitory and antibiofilm effects (MIC = 2.34 mg/mL) and a cytocompatibility assessment on HaCaT keratinocytes showed enhanced cell viability for chitosan gels and dose-dependent cytotoxicity for alginate formulations at high concentrations. Overall, chitosan-based gels displayed the most favourable combination of stability, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility, suggesting their potential for topical pharmaceutical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Hydrogels in Fibrocartilage Regeneration of the Glenoid Labrum.","authors":"Benjamin R Caruso, Jihun Cha, Tammam Hanna","doi":"10.3390/gels11080652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glenoid labral tears are relatively common orthopedic injuries in adults. Anatomically, the glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous structure that contributes to shoulder stability and function. The treatment for labral injury may be conservative, such as activity modification and rest, or operative, depending on the extent of tissue damage. Hydrogels are polymeric networks with great potential in treating glenoid labral tears and other cartilage-related injuries. Hydrogels are highly biocompatible, hydrophilic, and non-immunogenic, with tunable mechanical properties that support nutrient diffusion, cell viability, and angiogenesis, making them well suited for cartilage regeneration. Hydrogels can deliver growth factors like TGF-β or PDGF and may be combined with peptides or adhesion molecules to enhance tissue integration, repair, and even physical support. This article introduces current treatment options for glenoid labral injuries, reviews the role of hydrogels in cartilage regeneration, and summarizes recent translational research focused on hydrogel-based labral repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMCSMA-Citric Acid Hydrogel-Coated Pancreatic Duct Stent Used for Pancreatic Calculi.","authors":"Jing Li, Jiahao Yang, Shige Wang","doi":"10.3390/gels11080651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic calculi, a common complication of chronic pancreatitis, significantly contribute to ductal obstruction, increased intraductal pressure, and debilitating abdominal pain. Although endoscopic pancreatic duct stenting alleviates ductal stenosis, conventional stents lack litholytic functionality, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, we developed a drug-eluting pancreatic duct stent coated with a carboxymethyl chitosan methacrylate (CMCSMA)-based hydrogel utilizing 50% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> citric acid (CA) as a litholytic agent. Polydopamine (PDA) interlayer was employed to enhance interfacial adhesion between the hydrogel and the stent surface. The CMCSMA hydrogel exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including rapid gelation, excellent compressive strength (229.2 ± 14.8 kPa), hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility. In vitro release studies revealed sustained CA release, achieving 66.3% cumulative release within 72 h. The hydrogel-coated stent demonstrated superior litholytic activity, dissolving over 90% of pancreatic calculi within 24 h. These results underscore the potential of CMCSMA-CA hydrogel-coated stents as a biocompatible and effective local drug delivery platform for targeted pancreatic duct litholysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GelMA@ginsenoside Rb3 Targets Inflammatory Microenvironment in Periodontitis via MAPK Pathway.","authors":"Jinmeng Sun, Minmin Sun, Zekun Li, Luyun Liu, Xinjuan Liu, Yuhui Sun, Gang Ding","doi":"10.3390/gels11080648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to develop a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based ginsenoside Rb3 (G-Rb3) drug delivery system and investigate its application in the treatment of periodontitis and the underlying mechanisms. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were obtained and identified. The appropriate concentration ranges of G-Rb3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated by the CCK-8 experiments. Quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot were performed to assess the effects of GelMA@G-Rb3 on LPS-treated PDLSCs. The possible mechanisms were determined through network pharmacology analysis and Western blot. The therapeutic effects of GelMA@G-Rb3 in rat periodontitis animal models were systematically evaluated using Micro-CT, H&E staining, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence staining. PDLSCs were successfully isolated and characterized. The in vitro results indicated that GelMA@G-Rb3 significantly alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in PDLSCs by inhibiting the p38/ERK signaling pathway and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In vivo experiments confirmed that GelMA@G-Rb3 significantly reduced alveolar bone resorption, and promoted periodontal tissue regeneration, while simultaneously demonstrating significant regulatory effects on the MAPK signaling pathway. This study demonstrated the efficacy of the GelMA@G-Rb3 system in modulating the inflammatory responses of periodontitis and improving the periodontal tissue regeneration, which establish a solid foundation and proposed innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tannic Acid-Enhanced Gelatin-Based Composite Hydrogel as a Candidate for Canine Periodontal Regeneration.","authors":"Laura C Pinho, Marta Ferreira, Angélica Graça, Joana Marto, Bruno Colaço, Maria Helena Fernandes, Catarina Santos","doi":"10.3390/gels11080650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal disease in dogs leads to progressive bone loss and adversely impacts overall health. However, cost-effective regenerative strategies are still limited in veterinary practice. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel tannic acid (TA)-gelatin-based hydrogel (Gel), incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA), as a potential barrier material for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) applications. The hydrogels-Gel, Gel-GO, Gel-HA, and Gel-GO-HA-were characterized for chemical structure, molecular interactions, surface morphology, nanoparticle dispersion, and tensile strength. Cytotoxicity was assessed using L929 fibroblasts (ISO 10993-5), while cell viability/proliferation, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production were evaluated using canine periodontal ligament-derived cells. Results show that crosslinking with tannic acid enhanced the incorporation of graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding into TA-gelatin-based hydrogels. This combination increased surface roughness, reduced degradation rate, and enabled shape memory behavior, critical for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes. The extracts from Gel-HA-GO showed that cytotoxicity was both time- and concentration-dependent in L929 fibroblasts, whereas enhanced cell proliferation and increased ALP production were observed in cultures derived from canine periodontal ligament cells. These findings suggest that TA-gelatin-based hydrogels incorporating GO and HA demonstrated favorable mechanical and physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential. These attributes suggest their viability as a promising composite for the development of innovative GTR strategies to address periodontal tissue loss in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stability Study of [Cu(I)(dmby)₂]TFSI in Biopolymer-Based Aqueous Quasi-Solid Electrolytes.","authors":"Giulia Adriana Bracchini, Elvira Maria Bauer, Claudia Mazzuca, Marilena Carbone","doi":"10.3390/gels11080645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of advanced electrical energy conversion and storage, remarkable attention has been given to the development of new, more sustainable electrolytes. In this regard, the combination of redox shuttles with aqueous bio-polymer gels seems to be a valid alternative via which to overcome the typical drawbacks of common liquid electrolytes such as corrosion, volatility or leakage. Despite the promising results obtained so far, redox-active species such as bis(6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonylimide, ([Cu(I)(dmby)₂]TFSI), still present inherent challenges associated with their poor water solubility and oxidative lability, which prevents their employment in cheap and sustainable aqueous electrolytes. The present study investigates the stabilization of the Cu(I) complex ([Cu(I)(dmby)₂]TFSI) within two natural hydrogels based on the biopolymers κ-carrageenan and galactomannan, using ZnO nanoparticles as gelling agents. These eco-friendly and biocompatible systems are proposed as potential matrices for quasi-solid electrolytes (QSEs), offering a promising platform for advanced electrolyte design in electrochemical applications. Both hydrogels effectively stabilized and retained the redox species within their networks. In order to shed light on distinct stabilization mechanisms, complementary FTIR and SEM analyses were relevant to reveal the structural rearrangements, specific to each matrix, upon complex incorporation. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis confirmed notable thermal resilience in both systems, with the galactomannan-based gel demonstrating enhanced performance. Altogether, this work introduces a novel strategy for embedding copper-based redox couples into gelled electrolytes, paving the way toward their integration in real electrochemical devices, where long-term stability, redox retention, and energy conversion efficiency are critical evaluation criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Fish Skin Gelatin Hydrolysate as Stabilizer and/or Emulsifier Agent in Ice Cream Production and Melting, Textural, Rheological, and Sensory Characteristics.","authors":"Sefik Tekle, Hamza Goktas, Cansu Agan, Aysen Develioglu-Arslan, Zeynep Hazal Tekin-Cakmak","doi":"10.3390/gels11080643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global interest in fish consumption leads to a greater generation of fish waste. Fish waste, rich in nutrients such as protein, bioactive compounds, and vitamins, is attracting growing attention for its potential applications in food. In this study, gelatin hydrolysate obtained from fish skin waste was utilized as a stabilizer and/or emulsifier in ice cream production. It was found that gelatin hydrolysate significantly increased the protein content of the ice cream samples. The <i>K</i> and <i>n</i> values in different ice cream compositions varied between 0.009 and 1.012 Pa.s^<i>n</i> and 0.356 and 0.863, respectively. The consistency coefficients of samples D1 (sahlep and mono-diglyceride) and D3 (sahlep and gelatin hydrolysate) were almost the same, indicating that the mono-diglyceride was replaced by an equivalent amount of gelatin hydrolysate. All the ice cream mixtures tested showed non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic flow, as indicated by their <i>n</i> values being less than 1. All mixtures demonstrated greater elasticity than viscosity, as their storage modulus (<i>G</i>') was higher than their loss modulus (<i>G</i>″). In the third interval of 3-ITT, all ice cream mixtures displayed thixotropic behavior, indicating that their viscoelastic properties could be restored after a sudden deformation. The overrun levels of the samples ranged from 9.55% to 21.74%; the use of gelatin hydrolysate resulted in a statistically significant increase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest hardness and stickiness values in the samples were determined in the specific sample containing equal amounts of emulsifier, stabilizer, and gelatin hydrolysate. Furthermore, gelatin hydrolysate prolonged the first dripping time and melting rate of the samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annealed Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Cartilage Replacement: Effects of Synthesis Parameters on Mechanical Properties.","authors":"Hassan Mahmoud, Christian M Puttlitz, Benjamin C Gadomski, Kevin M Labus","doi":"10.3390/gels11080644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11080644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this paper was to determine the interactive effects of multiple synthesis parameters on annealed PVA hydrogel properties and assess these hydrogels for the application of cartilage replacement. PVA hydrogels were synthesized at two different molecular weight ranges (89-98 kDa and 146-186 kDa), two polymer concentrations (10% PVA and 20% PVA), and four different annealing temperatures (120 °C, 135 °C, 150 °C, and 165 °C). The compressive, tensile, and wear mechanical properties were measured, and the crystalline structure of these hydrogels was assessed via differential scanning calorimetry. Hydrogels showed increasing polymer weight percent, tensile modulus, and compressive modulus with increasing annealing temperature. Depending on synthesis parameters, the hydrogels matched or exceeded the previously published compressive and tensile properties of native cartilage. Higher molecular weight PVA hydrogels (146-186 kDa) exhibited less wear, but greater friction, compared to lower molecular weight PVA (89-98 kDa). The PVA hydrogels exhibited crystallinity in the range of 53-78%, but no consistent differences in crystallinity were detected between hydrogel variants. It was concluded that the (10% PVA, 146 kDa, 165 °C) annealed PVA hydrogel demonstrated the most appropriate balance of high tensile strength and compressive compliance comparable to cartilage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144949819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}