Gels最新文献

{"title":"Polysaccharide Hydrogels as Delivery Platforms for Natural Bioactive Molecules: From Tissue Regeneration to Infection Control.","authors":"Fabrizia Sepe, Anna Valentino, Loredana Marcolongo, Orsolina Petillo, Anna Calarco, Sabrina Margarucci, Gianfranco Peluso, Raffaele Conte","doi":"10.3390/gels11030198","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysaccharide-based hydrogels have emerged as indispensable materials in tissue engineering and wound healing, offering a unique combination of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. Indeed, their three-dimensional polymeric network and high water content closely resemble the natural extracellular matrix, creating a microenvironment for cell growth, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Moreover, their intrinsic biodegradability, tunable chemical structure, non-toxicity, and minimal immunogenicity make them optimal candidates for prolonged drug delivery systems. Notwithstanding numerous advantages, these polysaccharide-based hydrogels are confronted with setbacks such as variability in material qualities depending on their source, susceptibility to microbial contamination, unregulated water absorption, inadequate mechanical strength, and unpredictable degradation patterns which limit their efficacy in real-world applications. This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of polysaccharide-based hydrogels, including cellulose, starch, pectin, zein, dextran, pullulan and hyaluronic acid as innovative solutions in wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Future research should concentrate on optimizing hydrogel formulations to enhance their effectiveness in regenerative medicine and antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion-Specific Gelation and Internal Dynamics of Nanocellulose Biocompatible Hybrid Hydrogels: Insights from Fluctuation Analysis.","authors":"Arianna Bartolomei, Elvira D'Amato, Marina Scarpa, Greta Bergamaschi, Alessandro Gori, Paolo Bettotti","doi":"10.3390/gels11030197","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels find widespread use in bioapplications for their ability to retain large amounts of water while maintaining structural integrity. In this article, we investigate hybrid hydrogels made of nanocellulose and either amino-polyethylenglycol or sodium alginates and we present two novel results: (1) the biocompatibility of the amino-containing hybrid gel synthesized using a simplified receipt does not require any intermediate synthetic step to functionalize either component and (2) the fluctuation in the second-order correlation function of a dynamic light scattering experiment provides relevant information about the characteristic internal dynamics of the materials across the entire sol-gel transition as well as quantitative information about the ion-specific gel formation. This novel approach offers significantly better temporal (tens of μs) and spatial (tens of μm) resolution than many other state-of-the-art techniques commonly used for such analyses (such as rheometry, SAXS, and NMR) and it might find widespread application in the characterization of nano- to microscale dynamics in soft materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosinase-Catalyzed Soy Protein and Tannic Acid Interaction: Effects on Structural and Rheological Properties of Complexes.","authors":"Yaqiong Pei, Lei Yuan, Wenjing Zhou, Jun Yang","doi":"10.3390/gels11030195","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the structural, rheological, and microstructural properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) induced by tyrosinase-catalyzed crosslinking with tannic acid (TA) at 25 °C under neutral conditions at pH 6.5. The particle size and polydispersity index of modified SPI progressively increased with rising TA concentrations. Tyrosinase-induced polymerization significantly impacted the conformational structure of SPI, evidenced by a notable decrease in intrinsic fluorescence, a pronounced red shift, and a remarkable reduction in surface hydrophobicity. FTIR analysis further revealed that, compared to control SPI, the amide I, II, and III bands of SPI incubated with TA and tyrosinase exhibited varying degrees of red-shift or blue-shift. These observations suggested a substantial alteration in the secondary structure of SPI after incubation with TA and tyrosinase. The apparent viscosity, G', and G″ of the modified SPI increased with higher TA concentrations, indicating that the modification of SPI by TA in the presence of tyrosinase resulted in enhanced covalent crosslinking. Microstructural observations confirmed that higher TA levels promoted the formation of denser and more uniform gel-like networks. The findings demonstrated that tyrosinase-mediated crosslinking improved the functionality of SPI, making it a promising approach for food applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Honey-Containing Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications.","authors":"Andik Nisa Zahra Zainuddin, Nurul Nadhirah Mustakim, Farah Alea Rosemanzailani, Nur Izzah Md Fadilah, Manira Maarof, Mh Busra Fauzi","doi":"10.3390/gels11030194","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in wound healing. Recent advancements in material science have led to the development of honey-containing hydrogels, combining the natural healing properties of honey with the versatile characteristics of hydrogel matrices. These hydrogels offer numerous advantages, including high moisture retention, biocompatibility, and the controlled release of bioactive compounds, making them highly effective for wound healing applications. Hydrogels hold significant potential in advancing medical applications, particularly for cutaneous injuries. The diverse properties of honey, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-eschar effects, have shown promise in accelerating tissue regeneration. According to studies, they are effective in maintaining a good swelling ratio index, Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR), contact angle, tensile and elongation at break, in vitro biodegradation rate, viscosity and porosity analysis, lowering bacterial infections, and encouraging rapid tissue regeneration with notable FTIR peaks and SEM average pore sizes. However, limitations such as low bioavailability and inefficiencies in direct application reduce their therapeutic effectiveness at the wound site. Integrating honey into hydrogels can help preserve its wound healing mechanisms while enhancing its ability to facilitate skin tissue recovery. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of honey in wound healing management and presents an extensive analysis of honey-containing hydrogels reported in the literature over the past eight years. It emphasizes the physicochemical and mechanical effectiveness and advancements of honey-incorporated hydrogels in promoting skin wound healing and tissue regeneration, supported by evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies. While honey-based therapies for wound healing have demonstrated promising outcomes in numerous in vitro and animal studies, clinical studies remain limited. Despite that, honey's incorporation into hydrogel systems, however, offers a potent fusion of contemporary material technology and natural healing qualities, marking a substantial breakthrough in wound treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Gelation Temperature on Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Monolithic Silica Gels with Mono- and Bimodal Pore Structure.","authors":"Kai Müller, Christian Scherdel, Stephan Vidi, Gudrun Reichenauer, Moritz Boxheimer, Frank Dehn, Dirk Enke","doi":"10.3390/gels11030196","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the impact of pore volume distribution on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of spinodal phase-separated silica gels synthesized with poly(ethylene oxide) as a phase-separating agent. By systematically varying gelation temperatures between 20 and 60 °C, we investigate how reaction kinetics influence the resulting pore architecture, thermal conductivity, and elasticity. Nitrogen sorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and SEM analysis reveal a transformation from a bimodal pore structure at low temperatures, featuring interconnected macropores, to a predominantly mesoporous network with loss of bimodality. This shift in the diameter of the macropores significantly impacts the thermal insulation properties of the gels as thermal conductivity decreases from 68 to 27 mW (m·K)^-1 due to reduced macroporosity, enhanced mesoporosity, and the Knudsen effect. Mechanical testing revealed a substantial decline in Young's modulus with increasing gelation temperature. These changes are attributed to the interplay of mesoscale structural differences and density variations, driven by increasing gelation temperatures. While higher temperatures lead to reduced strut thickness and the loss of interconnected macropores, the substantial decline in Young's modulus highlights the critical role of mesoscale structural integrity in maintaining mechanical stability. The findings underscore the importance of an optimized pore volume distribution in tailoring pore structure and performance characteristics, providing a pathway for optimizing silica gels for applications in thermal insulation, filtration, and catalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydration Mechanism of Solid Waste Gelling Materials Containing Semi-Dry Desulfurization Ash.","authors":"Yunyun Li, Siqi Zhang, Meixiang Huang, Guodong Yang, Jiajie Li, Mengqi Ma, Wentao Hu, Wen Ni","doi":"10.3390/gels11030193","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the feasibility of using semi-dry desulfurization ash (DA) in combination with blast furnace slag (BFS) to prepare gelling materials, aiming to improve the resource utilization of DA. The effects of DA dosage and mechanical grinding on the compressive strength and hydration mechanism of BFS-DA gelling materials were investigated. The results showed that the optimum BFS-DA ratio was 60:40, and the compressive strengths were 14.21 MPa, 20.24 MPa, 43.50 MPa, and 46.27 MPa at 3, 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. Mechanical grinding greatly improved the activity of the gel materials, with the greatest increase in compressive strength at 3, 7, 28, and 90 days for the BFS and DA mixed milled for 30 min, with increases of 89.86%, 66.36%, 24.56%, and 25.68%, respectively, and compressive strength of 26.22 MPa, 35.6 MPa, 58.33 MPa, and 63.97 MPa, respectively. The cumulative heat of hydration of BFS-DA slurry was about 120 J/g. The hydration mechanism showed that the main hydration products formed were ettringite, C-S-H gel, AFm, and Friedel's salt. Calcium sulfite in DA was participated in the hydration, and a new hydration product, Ca₄Al₂O₆SO₃·11H₂O, was formed. DA can be effectively used to prepare BFS-based gelling materials, and its performance meets the requirements of GB/T 28294-2024 standard, which provides a potential solution for the utilization of DA resources and the reduction in the impact on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Printed Hydrogels from Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Conventional Fabrication Methods, Current Developments, Advantages, and Challenges.","authors":"Berk Uysal, Ujith S K Madduma-Bandarage, Hasani G Jayasinghe, Sundar Madihally","doi":"10.3390/gels11030192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels are network polymers with high water-bearing capacity resembling the extracellular matrix. Recently, many studies have focused on synthesizing hydrogels from natural sources as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and readily available. However, the structural complexities of biological tissues and organs limit the use of hydrogels fabricated with conventional methods. Since 3D printing can overcome this barrier, more interest has been drawn toward the 3D printing of hydrogels. This review discusses the structure of hydrogels and their potential biomedical applications with more emphasis on natural hydrogels. There is a discussion on various formulations of alginates, chitosan, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, we discussed the 3D printing techniques available for hydrogels and their advantages and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydopamine Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Drug Slow-Release in Bone Defect Repair: A Review of Research Advances.","authors":"Xiaoman Li, Jianhua Tang, Weiwei Guo, Xuan Dong, Kaisen Cao, Fushan Tang","doi":"10.3390/gels11030190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for bone defect repair due to their excellent biocompatibility, high porosity, and water-retentive properties. However, conventional hydrogels face significant challenges in clinical translation, including brittleness, low mechanical strength, and poorly controlled drug degradation rates. To address these limitations, as a multifunctional polymer, polydopamine (PDA) has shown great potential in both bone regeneration and drug delivery systems. Its robust adhesive properties, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to photothermal stimulation make it an ideal candidate for enhancing hydrogel performance. Integrating PDA into conventional hydrogels not only improves their mechanical properties but also creates an environment conducive to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, thereby promoting bone defect repair. Moreover, PDA facilitates controlled drug release, offering a promising approach to optimizing treatment outcomes. This paper first explores the mechanisms through which PDA promotes bone regeneration, laying the foundation for its clinical translation. Additionally, it discusses the application of PDA-based nanocomposite hydrogels as advanced drug delivery systems for bone defect repair, providing valuable insights for both research and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11942372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Cannabidiol Gummy Using 3D Printing.","authors":"Arvind Bagde, Mina Messiha, Mandip Singh","doi":"10.3390/gels11030189","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia and pain are prevalent concerns in the geriatric population. Therefore, this study investigates advances in the development of cannabidiol (CBD) gummies using 3D printing technology and compares them to commercially available molded gummies for pain management. A gelatin-based CBD formulation was prepared and printed using a syringe-based extrusion 3D printer. The formulation's rheological properties were assessed, and the printed gummies were characterized using a texture analyzer. Drug content was analyzed using HPLC, and in vitro dissolution studies were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 1.2 and 6.8). Our results demonstrated that the gelatin-based formulation had shear-thinning rheological properties for 3D printing at a temperature of 38.00 °C, filament diameter of 26 mm and flow of 110%. The optimized printing parameters produced gummies with higher elasticity compared to marketed gummies and comparable toughness. Drug content analysis showed 98.14 ± 1.56 and 97.97 ± 2.14% of CBD in 3D-printed and marketed gummies, respectively. Dissolution studies revealed that both gummy types released 100% of the drug within 30 min in both pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffers. Overall, 3D printing enables customizable CBD gummies with optimized release and offer a personalized and patient-friendly alternative to traditional oral forms for geriatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine.","authors":"Marta Camacho-Cardenosa, Victoria Pulido-Escribano, Guadalupe Estrella-Guisado, Gabriel Dorado, Aura D Herrera-Martínez, María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno, Antonio Casado-Díaz","doi":"10.3390/gels11030191","DOIUrl":"10.3390/gels11030191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional bioprinting is a new advance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bioprinting allows manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) structures that mimic tissues or organs. The bioinks used are mainly made of natural or synthetic polymers that must be biocompatible, printable, and biodegradable. These bioinks may incorporate progenitor cells, favoring graft implantation and regeneration of injured tissues. However, the natures of biomaterials, bioprinting processes, a lack of vascularization, and immune responses are factors that limit the viability and functionality of implanted cells and the regeneration of damaged tissues. These limitations can be addressed by incorporating extracellular vesicles (EV) into bioinks. Indeed, EV from progenitor cells may have regenerative capacities, being similar to those of their source cells. Therefore, their combinations with biomaterials can be used in cell-free therapies. Likewise, they can complement the manufacture of bioinks by increasing the viability, differentiation, and regenerative ability of incorporated cells. Thus, the main objective of this review is to show how the use of 3D bioprinting technology can be used for the application of EV in regenerative medicine by incorporating these nanovesicles into hydrogels used as bioinks. To this end, the latest advances derived from in vitro and in vivo studies have been described. Together, these studies show the high therapeutic potential of this strategy in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}