FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0930-3
Youn-Hoo Hwang, Kuk-Jin Seo, Tae-Hyeong Kim, You Jin Min, Yuzhen Liu, Dae-Eun Kim
{"title":"Tribological behavior of TiN, AlTiN, and AlTiCrN coatings in atmospheric and vacuum environments","authors":"Youn-Hoo Hwang, Kuk-Jin Seo, Tae-Hyeong Kim, You Jin Min, Yuzhen Liu, Dae-Eun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0930-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0930-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the tribological characteristics of TiN, AlTiN, and AlTiCrN coatings sliding against a SUS420J1 stainless steel pin were investigated in atmospheric and vacuum environments. The coatings were deposited on SUS440C substrates using the arc-physical vapor deposition technique. The friction and wear behavior of the coatings were evaluated based on the systematic analyses of the friction coefficient data as well as the physical and chemical state of the wear track. The results revealed that the friction coefficients of the SUS440C specimen and AlTiCrN coatings increased, whereas those of the TiN and AlTiN coatings decreased when the environment was changed from atmospheric to vacuum. It was confirmed that the formation of an oxide layer and adsorption of oxides on the surface were dominant factors that influenced the tribological behavior in the atmospheric environment. On the other hand, the compatibility, oxidation inhibition, and droplets of the surface mainly affected the frictional characteristics in the vacuum environment. The results of this work are expected to aid in the selection of proper coating materials for tribological systems operating in a vacuum.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0929-9
Guo Xiang, Roman Goltsberg, Izhak Etsion
{"title":"Modeling static friction behavior of elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact in full-stick condition","authors":"Guo Xiang, Roman Goltsberg, Izhak Etsion","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0929-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0929-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The static friction behavior of an elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact between a rigid flat and a deformable sphere under combined normal and tangential loading is studied by the finite element method (FEM). The contact between the sphere and the rigid flat is assumed to be full-stick, and the sliding inception is related to a loss of tangential stiffness. The intermolecular force between the rigid flat and the sphere is assessed by the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential, which is applied to the sphere and the rigid flat by a user subroutine. The evolution of the adhesive force with tangential displacement in the full-stick condition is revealed. The results indicate that the increasing effect of adhesive energy on the static friction coefficient gradually diminishes with an increase in the adhesive energy and the external normal load. Finally, based on an extensive parametric study, an empirical dimensionless expression is obtained to predict the static friction coefficient of the spherical adhesive microcontact considering the intermolecular force.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strengthening mechanism of different morphologies of nano-sized MSH on tribological performance of phosphate/MoS2 bonded solid lubricating coatings","authors":"Zhengchao Xi, Jianbo Sun, Lei Chen, Haixia Cui, Yanjun Ma, Huidi Zhou, Jianmin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0899-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0899-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnesium silicate hydroxides (MSHs) with granular, schistose, and tubular morphologies were separately incorporated to enhance the tribological properties of phosphate/MoS<sub>2</sub> composite coatings. The nano-schistose MSH demonstrated superior tribological performance due to its effective interactions with the worn surface and frictional synergies with solid lubricants. Incorporation of nano-schistose MSH decreased the friction coefficient of composite coatings by about 34.7% and increased the anti-wear performance of composite coatings by about thirteen times. Nano-schistose MSH facilitated the formation of a friction-induced multi-layer heterogenous slipping structure with layered solid lubricants at the friction interface. Moreover, tribo-chemical reactions between nano-schistose MSH and worn surface promoted the <i>in-situ</i> formation of a cermet supporting film, and this also induced the gradual <i>in-situ</i> formation of a lubrication film on the top of worn surface. Consequently, the contact state between tribo-pairs was timely regulated and the invalidation of the nanocomposite slipping structure was effectively restrained during the friction process. As a result, the service life of the phosphate composite coatings was significantly extended and further abrasion on the worn surface was notably reduced.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0922-3
Davide Carlevaris, Francesco Varriale, Jens Wahlström, Cinzia Menapace
{"title":"Pin-on-disc tribological characterization of single ingredients used in a brake pad friction material","authors":"Davide Carlevaris, Francesco Varriale, Jens Wahlström, Cinzia Menapace","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0922-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0922-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers have long been studying the effects of the modification of friction material compositions on their tribological properties. Predictive models have also been developed, but they are of limited use in the design of new compositions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the tribological behaviour of single ingredients in friction materials to develop a tribological dataset. This dataset could then be used as a foundation for a cellular automaton (CA) predictive model, intended to be a tool for designing friction materials. Tribological samples were almost entirely composed of four distinct friction material ingredients, and one sample composed of their mixture was successfully produced. Pin-on-disc (PoD) tribometer testing and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS) analysis were used for the tribological characterization. Each material showed distinct tribological properties and evolution of the contact surface features, and the synergistic effect of their mutual interaction was also demonstrated by their mixture.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0940-1
Ahmed Fouly, Walid M. Daoush, Hesham I. Elqady, Hany S. Abdo
{"title":"Fabrication of PMMA nanocomposite biomaterials reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals extracted from rice husk for dental applications","authors":"Ahmed Fouly, Walid M. Daoush, Hesham I. Elqady, Hany S. Abdo","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0940-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0940-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The primary objective of global studies is to develop the properties and durability of polymers for various applications. When it comes to dental disability, denture base materials must have sufficient mechanical and tribological performance in order to withstand the forces experienced in the mouth. This work aims to investigate the effects of the addition of low content of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the mechanical and tribological performance of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites. Different weight percent of CNC (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt%) were added to the PMMA matrix followed by ball milling to evenly distribute the nanoparticles reinforced phase in the matrix phase. The findings emphasize the significant impact of CNC integration on the performance of PMMA nanocomposites. By increasing the content of the CNC nanoparticles, the mechanical properties of PMMA were improved. In addition, the tribological outcomes demonstrated a significant reduction in the friction coefficient besides an enhancement in the wear resistance as the weight percentage of nanoparticles increased. The surface of the worn samples was investigated by utilizing SEM to identify the wear mechanisms corresponding to the different compositions. In addition, a finite elment model (FEM) was developed to ascertain the thickness of the worn layer and the generated stressed on the surfaces of the nanocomposite throughout the friction process.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"380 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple and effective: Superlubricity behaviour of the G-quadruplex hydrogel with high selectivity for K+ ions based on the ocular environment","authors":"Hongdong Wang, Jian Wu, Kunpeng Wang, Yunjuan Su, Xiacong Zhang, Yuhong Liu, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0898-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0898-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogels have been the subject of significant research in the field of friction due to their exceptional lubricating properties. In this study, the G-quadruplex hydrogel with high selectivity for K<sup>+</sup> ions was formed by introducing a mixture of G, 2-formylphenylboronic acid, and polyethylene glycol diamine into simulated artificial tears solution with high transparency, and an ultra-low coefficient of friction (COF) of about 0.004 was obtained based on the simulated ocular environment, thus achieving macroscopic superlubricity. In friction pairs simulating the ocular environment, to assess the frictional performance of the G-quadruplex hydrogel as both a lubricant and a friction pair based on the simulated ocular environment, we conducted experiments considering various factors such as concentration, sliding speed, and stress. Through these experiments, it was found that superlubricity was achieved when the G-quadruplex hydrogel was applied as lubricant or friction pair. This effect was attributed to the three-dimensional network structure and hydrophilicity of the hydrogel, which facilitated the formation of a highly bearing and flowing hydration layer, promoting macroscopic superlubricity. Compared to the G-quadruplex hydrogel with low concentration, the high concentration hydrogel (75 mM) exhibited increased mechanical strength and robustness in superlubricity. Combined with biocompatibility experiments, our synthesized G-quadruplex hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and offers a novel approach to achieve superlubricity in ocular drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lubrication condition monitoring of journal bearings in diesel engine based on thermoelectricity","authors":"Yuhao Lv, Hao Liu, Zhigang Chen, Weijie Chang, Hui Zhang, Hulin Li","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0897-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0897-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is still a lack of effective lubrication condition monitoring methods in the field of diesel engines. The paper proposes a novel thermoelectric approach to divide the lubrication state of bearings. First, the generation mechanism of thermoelectric potential on bearings is clarified. Then, both experimental and simulation studies are done, and a strong correlation between lubrication and thermoelectric potential is shown. The film thickness and temperature are further confirmed as significant factors influencing thermoelectric potential. Generally, the thermoelectric potential increases with temperature. However, a small film thickness ratio (when the film thickness ratio is less than 4) will suppress the thermoelectric potential. Three typical lubrication states of bearings are distinguished through thermoelectric potential and supported by the Stribeck curve results. Moreover, the significant influence of lubrication on the bearing is confirmed through the analysis of surface morphology and composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0943-y
Hongbo Ju, Jing Luan, Junhua Xu, Albano Cavaleiro, Manuel Evaristo, Filipe Fernandes
{"title":"Nano-multilayered ZrN-Ag/Mo-S-N film design for stable anti-frictional performance at a wide range of temperatures","authors":"Hongbo Ju, Jing Luan, Junhua Xu, Albano Cavaleiro, Manuel Evaristo, Filipe Fernandes","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0943-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0943-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A multilayer film, composed by ZrN-Ag (20 nm) and Mo-S-N (10 nm) layers, combining the intrinsic lubricant characteristics of each layer was deposited using DC magnetron sputtering system, to promote lubrication in a wide-range of temperatures. The results showed that the ZrN-Ag/Mo-S-N multilayer film exhibited a sharp interface between the different layers. A face-centered cubic (fcc) dual-phases of ZrN and Ag co-existed in the ZrN-Ag layers, whilst the Mo-S-N layers displayed a mixture of hexagonal close-packed MoS<sub>2</sub> (hcp-MoS<sub>2</sub>) nano-particles and an amorphous phase. The multilayer film exhibited excellent room temperature (RT) triblogical behavior, as compared to the individual monolayer film, due to the combination of a relative high hardness with the low friction properties of both layers. The reorientation of MoS<sub>2</sub> parallel to the sliding direction also contributed to the enhanced anti-frictional performance at RT. At 400 °C, the reorientation of MoS<sub>2</sub> as well as the formation of MoO<sub>3</sub> phase were responsible for the lubrication, whilst the hard t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> phase promoted abrasion and, consequently, led to increasing wear rate. At 600 °C, the Ag<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> double-metal oxide was the responsible for the low friction and wear-resistance; furthermore, the observed transformation from t-ZrO<sub>2</sub> to m-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, could also have contributed to the better tribological performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0891-6
Yacong Hou, Lei Chen, Zheng Zhang, Jinlin Chang, Ding Weng, Yuan Ma, Jiadao Wang
{"title":"A novel UHMWPE composite with low friction coefficient for long-term ice sliding","authors":"Yacong Hou, Lei Chen, Zheng Zhang, Jinlin Chang, Ding Weng, Yuan Ma, Jiadao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0891-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0891-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low friction ice sliding interfaces were critical for ski performance optimization. Traditional fluorinated ski waxes have attracted considerable attention for enhancing the hydrophobicity, anti-wearing, and oxidation resistance of ski-ice base. However, the toxicity and complexity of the waxing process limited batch manufacturing of low-cost and non-toxic ski-ice base, what is more, the wax covering on the base wore and failed during skiing due to the friction between ski and ice. Herein, we demonstrated a novel ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite that could maintain a low coefficient of friction (COF) with about 0.026 for at least 160 min when skiing on the ice. Microcapsule (MS) could release liquid (liquid paraffin (LP)). The released LP further enhanced the hydrophobicity of UHMWPE’s surfaces when friction occurred, which would maintain the stability and durability of the water film, and achieved superior and long-lasting friction resistance. Compared with other microcapsules with lower hydrophobic core, microcapsules with LP performed the best in reducing the friction of ski base from 0.126 to 0.024. Meanwhile, the COF of the surface kept at about 0.02 even after 12 rapid temperature changes. The presented UHMWPE composite of encapsulated liquids showed great potential and broad application owing to its simplicity and efficiency in winter sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FrictionPub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s40544-024-0905-4
David Rebenda, Tomáš Sáha
{"title":"Current state-of-the art review of footwear-ground friction","authors":"David Rebenda, Tomáš Sáha","doi":"10.1007/s40544-024-0905-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-024-0905-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The most important role of footwear is to ensure safe, functional walking, and foot protection. For the proper functionality of not only the work shoes, the anti-slip behavior of the shoe under various conditions and environments plays an important role in the prevention of slips, trips, falls, and consequent injuries. This article is intended to review the current understanding of the frictional mechanisms between shoe outsoles and various counterfaces that impact the evaluation of outsole slipperiness. Current research focuses on the mechanisms driving outsole friction on different ground surfaces or the definition and description of parameters that influence outsole friction. Subsequently, the review discusses the effect of various surface contaminants on footwear friction. Lastly, challenges and outlooks in the field of footwear outsoles are briefly mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":12442,"journal":{"name":"Friction","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}