Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Porosity in Grain Compression Experiments Using Random Forest and Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms","authors":"Jiahao Chen,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li,&nbsp;Deqian Zheng,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Hang Jing,&nbsp;Jianjun Han,&nbsp;Manxing Wang,&nbsp;Runmei Zhao","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grain stored for long periods is highly susceptible to localized condensation, mold growth, and insect infestations, leading to significant storage losses. These issues are particularly acute in large-capacity bungalow warehouses, where food security concerns are even more pronounced. The porosity of grain piles is a critical parameter that influences heat and moisture transfer within the grain mass, as well as the ventilation of grain storage. To investigate the distribution pattern of bulk grain pile porosity in bungalow warehouses, this study employs machine learning (ML) techniques to predict grain pile porosity based on compression experiments. Four metaheuristic optimization algorithms—particle swarm optimization (PSO), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), sine cosine algorithm (SCA), and tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA)—were introduced to enhance the random forest (RF) algorithm, and five ML-based models (RF, PSO-RF, GWO-RF, SCA-RF, and TSA-RF) for predicting grain porosity were developed. The predictive performance of the five models was analyzed using error analysis, Taylor diagrams, evaluation metrics, and multi-criteria assessments to identify the optimal ML prediction model. The results indicate that the predictive performance of the four RF-based hybrid models surpasses that of the single RF model. Among these hybrid models, the TSA-RF model demonstrated the best predictive performance, achieving <i>R</i>² values of 0.9923 in the training set and 0.9723 in the test set. The TSA-RF model was employed to conduct a hierarchical prediction of bulk grain pile porosity in the bungalow warehouse. The results indicate that the porosity of the grain pile exhibits a pattern of being higher in the middle and smaller at the edges as the depth of the grain pile increases. The TSA-RF model developed in this study offers a novel and efficient method for predicting grain porosity, enabling rapid assessments of porosity in bulk grain piles within the bungalow warehouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoids Modulate FoxO-Induced Cell Cycle Awrrest in Human Cancer Cell Lines: A Scoping Review","authors":"Zi Xin Lee,&nbsp;Hanting Guo,&nbsp;Aaron Deming Looi,&nbsp;Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran,&nbsp;Kasthuri Bai Magalingam,&nbsp;Wai Leng Lee,&nbsp;Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carotenoids, a class of antioxidants, have shown great potential for cancer management. This scoping review aimed to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of carotenoids by using a protein interactions and pathways approach. A literature search on five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Scopus) was carried out, and studies investigating differential protein expression in cancer cell lines treated with carotenoids published in the last 10 years were included in the analysis. Sixty-three research articles were short-listed, and 17 carotenoids were used in these studies. The most studied carotenoids were fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, and crocin. The key cancer cell lines tested in these studies included breast, gastric, and lung cancers. Analysis of the proteins identified from these studies using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) revealed the upregulation of proteins belonging to the pro-apoptotic and FoxO signaling pathways. In contrast, several proteins in the PI3k/Akt and TNF signaling pathways and cell cycle regulation were downregulated, which can explain the observed anticancer effects. The findings from this scoping review suggest that the cell cycle arrest observed in carotenoid-treated cancer cells may work through activation of the FoxO signaling pathway in these cells, highlighting their role as potential anticancer agents. Nonetheless, the lack of evidence on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and physiology of carotenoids necessitates more robust and well-designed clinical trials. Similarly, further investigations into the therapeutic effects of targeting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO axis to induce cell cycle arrest and its translational potential are required to ensure the successful development of effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Utility of Prunus mahaleb Extracts as a Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds for Functional Applications","authors":"Bayram Atasagun,&nbsp;Ahmet Uysal,&nbsp;Noha Fathallah,&nbsp;Omayma Eldahshan,&nbsp;Abdel Nasser Singab,&nbsp;Mehmet Veyis Cetiz,&nbsp;Gokhan Zengin","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Prunus mahaleb</i> has garnered attention as a potent medicinal agent and functional component. We aimed to detect the chemical composition and biological activities of several parts (fruit, leaves, and twigs) of <i>P. mahaleb</i>. Biological activities were assessed for antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibition, mutagenic/antimutagenic effects, and antibacterial efficacy. Antioxidant capabilities were evaluated using various assays, including DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating. The chemical constituents of the extracts were identified and quantified using the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. The effects of enzyme inhibition were examined on some enzymes, including AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase. The Ames test was used to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of the plant extracts. Furthermore, a broth microdilution assay was employed to evaluate the possible antibacterial effects of the extracts against microorganisms. The methanol extract of twigs showed superior antioxidant capabilities (DPPH: 388.39 mg TE/g; ABTS: 701.50 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 459.05 mg TE/g; FRAP: 264.99 mg TE/g). The methanol extract of twigs demonstrated the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (61.91 mg KAE/g). A total of 40 metabolites, mainly flavonoids, were detected through HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, revealing that ferulic acid, naringenin, and herniarin were the predominant compounds. In the Ames test, the tested extracts exhibited no mutagenic potential. The antimutagenicity assay demonstrated that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from twigs and leaves were particularly efficient against frameshift and base pair substitution mutations induced by recognized mutagens. The metabolic activation system amplified these strong activities to inhibition rates ranging from 85% to 98%. The results from the antibacterial assay indicated antibacterial effectiveness at dosages between 6.25 and 0.195 mg/mL, particularly effective against <i>Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Our findings indicate that <i>P. mahaleb</i> can serve as a versatile raw material for the development of health-promoting applications, including medicines, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Grading of Green Cardamom Using Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Computer Vision Methods","authors":"Ehsan Godini,&nbsp;Hemad Zareiforoush,&nbsp;Adel Bakhshipour,&nbsp;Zahra Lorigooini,&nbsp;Sayed Hossain Payman","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.4645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, the intelligent quality grading of green cardamom was carried out using electronic nose (e-nose) and computer vision (CV) methods along with machine learning (ML) approaches. Cardamom samples were analyzed in three grades including Grade 1 (healthy and green), Grade 2 (healthy with yellow color), and Grade 3 (immature and shriveled) for capsules and Grade 1 (Black), Grade 2 (Brown), and Grade 3 (Yellow and red) for seeds. Three ML algorithms including Decision Tree (DT), Bayesian Network (BN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used to classify the quality grades. Results showed that the correlation-based feature selection (CFS) algorithm decreased the number of input features and increased the classification performance. For classifying cardamom capsule samples based on the visual features, the CFS-BN model was the best classifier, with the root mean squared error (RMSE) and accuracy of 0.1408 and 96.67%, respectively. The RMSE and accuracy of this model for classifying cardamom seeds based on image features were 0.1220 and 96.67%, respectively. In classifying cardamom seeds using e-nose data, the CFS-DT model was the best classifier with RMSE and accuracy of 0.2093 and 93.33%, respectively. The CFS-BN model was the best for classifying cardamom capsules with an RMSE of 0.1126 and an accuracy of 96.67%. The fusion of e-nose and CV data increased the model performance compared to the separate use of e-nose and CV datasets. The accuracy of the CFS-BN model using the combination of CV and e-nose data was 100% during both the calibration and evaluation stages. It can be concluded that data fusion of e-nose and CV methods can be effectively used to develop an intelligent, accurate, reliable, fast, and non-destructive system for quality grading of cardamom capsules and seeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.4645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Low-Fat Fish and Chicken Nuggets Fortified With Date Seed Powder and Quinoa Flour as Agricultural Dietary Fiber Sources","authors":"Shahab Naghdi,&nbsp;Masoud Rezaei,&nbsp;Mahboobeh Kashiri,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rezaei,&nbsp;Serva Naseri,&nbsp;Hossein Nourani,&nbsp;Zahra Khakpour","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.4749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, high-oil-content fried products, such as nuggets, have posed a significant challenge and concern for consumers, leading to increased interest in fiber-enriched meat alternatives that offer specific functional properties and health benefits. This study investigated the incorporation of quinoa flour and date seed powder as fiber sources into chicken and fish paste formulations at a 6% concentration, with varying ratios of quinoa flour to date seed powder: 0:0 (T1), 100:0 (T2), 75:25 (T3), and 50:50 (T4). The results demonstrated that adding these ingredients markedly improved the dietary fiber content, water holding capacity, cooking yield, and pH levels of the nuggets (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, the T4 treatment exhibited the lowest oil absorption (3.82 g for chicken and 5.19 g for fish per 100 g of product) among all formulations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The fiber-enriched nuggets exhibited noticeable differences in texture and color. Additionally, the incorporation of quinoa flour and date seed powder positively influenced the sensory attributes of the nuggets, with T3 achieving the highest overall acceptance score. This formulation was identified as the most favorable option for both chicken and fish nuggets, owing to its optimal cooking yield, high acceptance, adequate fiber content, and minimal oil absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.4749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and Flavonoid Intake With Female Infertility in the United States","authors":"Di Xiao,&nbsp;Xiang Sun,&nbsp;Weidong Li,&nbsp;Zihao Wen,&nbsp;Wei-Hong Zhang,&nbsp;Li Yang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the associations between a dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), flavonoid intake, and female infertility, while exploring age-specific differences in these relationships to identify potential dietary strategies for female infertility prevention. This cross-sectional study focused on female participants aged 18–45 years, with data obtained from the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between DI-GM, flavonoid intake, and self-reported female infertility. Age-stratified analyses were performed to evaluate whether these associations varied across reproductive life stages. Higher DI-GM scores were significantly associated with reduced infertility risk (aOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13–0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.006), with the strongest protective effects observed in women aged &lt; 35 years (Q3: aOR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.58, <i>p</i> = 0.007; Q4: aOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.77, <i>p</i> = 0.015). Beneficial gut microbiota scores also showed a protective effect (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57–0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Among women aged ≥ 35 years, moderate flavonoid intake (Q2) showed a significant inverse association with female infertility risk (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.66, <i>p</i> = 0.009). Our findings reveal novel evidence that higher DI-GM scores and moderate flavonoid intake are significantly linked to a lower risk of female infertility, with age-specific patterns observed. Higher DI-GM scores showed significant protective effects in younger women (&lt; 35 years), while moderate flavonoid intake was protective in women aged ≥ 35 years. These findings underscore the potential of personalized dietary strategies targeting gut microbiota composition and flavonoid intake as cost-effective approaches for female infertility prevention and management across different reproductive life stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nano-Encapsulation of Sweet Lime Peel Extract Through Its Application on Irradiated Chicken Meat Patties","authors":"Hadia Hanif,&nbsp;Muhammad Sajid Arshad,&nbsp;Waseem Khalid,&nbsp;Felix Kwashie Madilo,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair Khalid,&nbsp;Abu Talah,&nbsp;Ayesha Siddiqa,&nbsp;Ayman Luqman,&nbsp;Sulaiman Ali Alharbi,&nbsp;Hossam M. Aljawdah","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Study was aimed to investigate the combined effects of gamma irradiation and nano-encapsulation of extracts (2 kGy + 3% SPP and 4 kGy + 3% SPP) prepared from sweet lime peel powder to evaluate the antioxidant properties of irradiated chicken meat patties. The impact of various treatments on irradiated chicken patties was evaluated on physicochemical properties, storage stability analysis, peroxide value (POV), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by varying storage intervals (0, 7, and 14 days) at freezing temperature (−5°C). The results showed that the gamma irradiated samples (4 kGy) led to a substantial decrease in the microbiological load in SPP added treated samples (T₅: 4 kGy + 3%SPP&gt;T4:2 kGy 3% SPP&gt;T₂: 4 kGy) as compared to control. Other parameters including heme pigment, hunter's color value, POV, TBARS, and TVBN also varied among various treatments and storage intervals significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The highest POV and TBARS with irradiation (4 kGy) observed in T₁ was 0.46 ± 0.04 meq peroxide/kg and 0.68 ± 0.12 MDA/kg, respectively, at 14th day of storage. While the highest POV (0.55 ± 0.09 meq peroxide/kg) was observed in T₄ treatment samples with 4 kGy + 3% SPP. Total phenolic content and antioxidant potential (DPPH) were also observed to be higher in treated samples (T₅ 59.41% ± 0.03%; T₄ 63.7 ± 0.05bmg/g GAE respectively) as compared to control groups during storage. Conclusively, study results confirmed that the sweet lime peel powder extracts encapsulation combined with gamma irradiation resulted in improved physiochemical and antioxidant characteristics along with microbial quality of chicken meat patties during storage at freezing temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and Preservative Effects of Epilobium angustifolium Extract in Beef Burgers Products: Physicochemical Properties, Color Stability, Lipid Oxidation, and Molecular Docking Analyses","authors":"Nazik Meziyet Dilek,&nbsp;Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu,&nbsp;Gamze Demirel,&nbsp;Alper Durmaz,&nbsp;Emine Incilay Torunoğlu,&nbsp;Erdi Can Aytar,&nbsp;Kübra Ünal","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumers are increasingly seeking natural alternatives to synthetic preservatives in meat products. This study evaluated the effects of willow <i>E. angustifolium</i> extract on beef burgers' physicochemical properties, color stability, and lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with a total phenolic content of 1263.48 mg GAE/L and a total flavonoid content of 278.43 mg <span>CE</span>/L. The pH values of the beef burgers decreased over time, with significant effects on Days 4 and 8 in the treated groups, except T1. The color properties, including lightness (<i>L</i>*), redness (<i>a</i>*), and yellowness (<i>b</i>*), were affected by the plant extract, with 1 g and 3 g concentrations leading to darker and redder hues. Moreover, adding 9 g extract led to discoloration due to increased <i>b</i>* values. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances analysis showed increased lipid oxidation, with the T3 group (9 g extract) exhibiting higher values, suggesting a prooxidant effect at higher concentrations. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified a range of phytochemicals, including α-pinene and β-thujone, which contributed to the complex, volatile profile of the extract. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of significant phenolic compounds, such as ascorbic acid and gallic acid, with high antioxidant potential. Molecular docking studies indicated that gallic acid exhibited a moderate binding affinity with the target protein 9R-lipoxygenase (5EK8), followed by β-thujone and α-pinene, suggesting their potential as bioactive compounds in food preservation. The results provide insights into the functional potential of <i>E. angustifolium</i> extract as a natural antioxidant and preservative in meat products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moringa oleifera Extracts as Strategic Phyto-Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Rita Carrotta,&nbsp;Silvia Vilasi,&nbsp;Maria Assunta Costa,&nbsp;Fabio Librizzi,&nbsp;Vincenzo Martorana,&nbsp;Rosa Passantino,&nbsp;Carla Buzzanca,&nbsp;Vita di Stefano,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Ortore,&nbsp;Silvia Piccirillo,&nbsp;Alessandra Preziuso,&nbsp;Simona Magi,&nbsp;Maria Rosalia Mangione","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last decades, plant extracts have received great attention. In particular, many studies pointed out the potential neuroprotective effect of polyphenols-rich extracts from plants. Evidence indeed highlights the action of polyphenols, both as antioxidants and as inhibitors in the formation of amyloid protein aggregates, known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, aqueous extracts obtained at high and room temperature from leaves of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (MO) harvested in Sicily were characterized for polyphenolic content, anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging capacity. UHPLC-HESI-MS analysis shows that both water extracts are rich in terms of polyphenols. Then, MO aqueous extracts were tested as inhibitors in the amyloid aggregation process of Amyloid β-peptide 1–42 (Aβ_1-42). This peptide is strongly involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), its overproduction and aggregated species being considered a hallmark of AD. Results show that MO extracts cause a strong inhibition on the amyloid process. Biophysical characterization of the extracts reveals the presence of stable polyphenol assemblies. Both free and aggregated polyphenols elicit an efficient inhibition mechanism held up by their ability to interact with metastable species, strongly hindering autocatalytic amyloid growth. Finally, the effects of the MO room temperature extract have been tested on an AD cell model, retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells challenged with glyceraldehyde (GA). Cell pretreatment with MO extract results in an improved cell viability in comparison with the control and furthermore in the reduction of both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and GA-stimulated Aβ_1-42 production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation Reveal Ganodermanontriol Modulates Pneumonia via TNF/NF-κB/MAPKs Signaling Pathway","authors":"Shizhan Deng,&nbsp;Dequan Zhong,&nbsp;Yonggan Dong,&nbsp;Yanan Qian,&nbsp;Biao Wang,&nbsp;Mengxue Hu,&nbsp;Meng Liu,&nbsp;Kemeng Tan,&nbsp;Chaojie Zhang,&nbsp;Heng Tang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst, commonly known as Lingzhi, has long been employed in traditional Chinese medicine for its medicinal properties, particularly in alleviating respiratory issues like cough and asthma. Recognized both as a therapeutic agent and an edible supplement, Lingzhi is celebrated for its health-promoting benefits. Despite its widespread use, the effectiveness of <i>G. lucidum</i> in treating pneumonia has not been extensively studied, highlighting the need for further research. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of <i>G. lucidum</i> in pneumonia treatment and to uncover the mechanisms behind its effects, specifically examining how its active constituents influence inflammatory pathways. The study utilized approaches such as network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analyses revealed eight triterpenoids in <i>G. lucidum</i>, with ganodermanontriol being the most prominent. Molecular docking studies anticipated the interactions between these compounds and target proteins, while in vivo experiments on pneumonia-induced rat models assessed the efficacy of ganodermanontriol. Additionally, HPLC and LC–MS confirmed the presence of eight triterpenoids in the ethanol extract of <i>G. lucidum</i>, predominantly ganodermanontriol. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified key genes—including TNF, EGFR, ESR1, HIF1A, HSP90AA1, and SRC—that played significant roles in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. In vivo results demonstrated that ganodermanontriol treatment mitigated lung tissue damage in rats with experimentally induced pneumonia by reducing the release of inflammatory mediators. Further mechanistic studies showed that ganodermanontriol downregulated TNF-α and inhibited the NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathways. These findings suggested that ganodermanontriol holds promising potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for pneumonia by targeting the TNF/NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway, offering a novel therapeutic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}