Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Integrative Profiling of Phytohormones, Metabolomics, and Transcriptomics Reveals Key Regulators of Cold Tolerance in Cucumber Leaves","authors":"Shijun Sun,&nbsp;Shuiyuan Hao,&nbsp;Ye Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoni Gao,&nbsp;Tianlei Mu,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Yusong Luo,&nbsp;Zhengnan Li","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A low-temperature condition in a root zone is a major abiotic stress that threatens cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus L.</i>) growth and development, yet the molecular mechanism by which the leaf reacts to root zone chilling stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we applied three temperature treatments, including room temperature (20°C–22°C), suboptimal temperature (13°C–15°C), and low temperature (8°C–10°C), to investigate how root zone chilling affects hormone dynamics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in the leaves of the cucumber variety “Jinyou 35”, the main cultivar in northwest and southwest China. Through integrative physiological and biochemical analysis, auxin emerges as the most significant accumulated hormone, accounting for 88% in room temperature-treated leaves (RL), 99% in suboptimal temperature-treated leaves (SL), and 94% in low-temperature-treated leaves (LL). Under chilling stress, flavanones were the most abundant metabolite in cucumber leaves, constituting over 50% of total metabolites, while phenolic acids showed a marked decrease. Several differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs), such as <i>LOB</i> (<i>CsaV3_3G020650</i>), <i>MYB</i> (<i>CsaV3_3G043510</i>), and <i>bHLH</i> (<i>CsaV3_2G005070</i> and <i>CsaV3_4G029740</i>), were upregulated in SL and LL, potentially enhancing cucumber's defense against chilling injury. Additionally, terminal flower formation was observed under suboptimal and low-temperature conditions, with <i>CsFT</i> expression in SL and LL lower than in RL, and a significant negative correlation observed between <i>CsFT</i> and <i>CsNAC6</i>. These findings deepen our understanding of cucumber's resilience mechanisms to root zone chilling stress, shedding light on its cold tolerance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Traditional Gum Exudate From Pistacia atlantica Ameliorates Etha-Nol-Mediated Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Possible Molecular Mechanisms","authors":"Talal Salem Al-Qaisi,&nbsp;Ahmed A. J. Jabbar,&nbsp;Mohammed M. Hussein M. Raouf,&nbsp;Najat Jabbar Ahmed Berwary,&nbsp;Qosay Al-Balas,&nbsp;Parween Abdul-Samad Ismail,&nbsp;Muzhda Haydar Saber,&nbsp;Ramzi A. Mothana,&nbsp;Abdullah R. Alanzi,&nbsp;Mahmood Ameen Abdulla,&nbsp;Rawaz Rizgar Hassan,&nbsp;Musher Ismael Saleh,&nbsp;Sidgi Hasson","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pistacia atlantica</i> (Bene) is a native Mediterranean plant that exudates a resinous therapeutic oleoresin gum used for many inflammatory-related diseases. Therefore, the present study evaluates the acute toxicity and the gastroprotective effects of <i>Pistacia atlantica</i> gum (PAG) on ethanol-mediated gastric ulcers in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (30) were placed in 5 cages: Group A received 10% tween 20; Group B, ulcer control, received 10% tween 20; reference rats (C, received 20 mg/kg omeprazole), groups D and E received 250 and 500 mg/kg of PAG, respectively. After 60 min, Groups B–E rats received absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). The acute toxicity results showed a lack of any physiological alterations in rats supplemented with up to 5 g/kg of PAG. In the gastroprotective trial, the ulcer controls exhibited extensive gastric mucosal injuries, reduced stomach mucus secretion, a highly acidic stomach, and increased lesion areas. Ethanol ingestion caused significant inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative stress indicators in their gastric tissues. The ulcer controls revealed reduced HSP 70, elevated Bax protein expressions, and lowered antioxidant enzymes and up-regulated MDA contents. PAG treatment restored these negative effects of ethanol, which could be because of its terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids potentials that positively modulated the gastric defense barriers (mucopolysaccharides), gastric antioxidants, mucus secretion, and significantly increased gastric pH and reduced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). The gastro-prophylactic potentials are validated by its modulatory actions of gastric defense mechanisms, providing scientific evidence for future biochemical characterizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Traditional Chinese Medicines for Anti-Dengue Using a National Health Insurance Research Database and Bioassays","authors":"Wan-Yu Su,&nbsp;Hsiang-Hui Lo,&nbsp;Yuan-Liang Wen,&nbsp;Jeng-Wei Lu,&nbsp;I-Chuan Yen,&nbsp;Yi-Jung Ho,&nbsp;Li-Ting Kao","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dengue fever is a widespread viral infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Despite the potentially fatal consequences for some individuals, no antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of this disease. Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database (NHID) holds extensive medical records for almost every resident, encompassing conventional and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments. This study aims to uncover potential TCM formulas with antiviral properties against dengue fever by analyzing NHID data. Initially, the NHID was screened to identify candidate TCM formulas. Subsequently, immunofluorescence assays were conducted to evaluate the anti-dengue virus (DENV) effects of these TCM compounds. Selected TCM formulas underwent testing for cytotoxicity and anti-DENV activity. The study identified 62 promising TCM formulas, focusing on those most frequently prescribed and their potential efficacy. Among these, 23 TCM formulas showed promise in preventing severe illness, with 20 subjected to further analysis for cytotoxicity and anti-DENV effects. Notably, Gastrodiae Rhizoma and Pinellia Rhizoma exhibited significant anti-DENV activity at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs). This research introduces a novel methodology for identifying potential antiviral compounds against dengue fever, leveraging NHID data alongside immunofluorescence assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of In-Home Usage Experience and Price: Results of Consumer Research on Nutritional Innovations for Improving Maternal and Child Nutrition in Ethiopia","authors":"Rebecca Olson,&nbsp;Puja Peyden Tshering,&nbsp;Kalpana Beesabathuni,&nbsp;Srujith Lingala,&nbsp;Afomiya Mekonnen,&nbsp;Masresha Tessema,&nbsp;Alemnesh Petros,&nbsp;Tarik Taye Birhanu,&nbsp;Abeba Ayele,&nbsp;Sufia Askari,&nbsp;Rowena K. Merritt","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.4758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4758","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite progress in improving maternal and child nutrition, there are still high levels of stunting and anemia in Ethiopia, primarily caused by dietary diversity and low consumption of animal-sourced foods (ASFs). One promising solution is the utilization of egg powder, for it requires reduced transport and storage costs, has an extended shelf life, and versatile usage compared to whole eggs. A consumer research study conducted by Sight and Life (SAL) and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) aimed to explore opportunities for introducing powdered egg products targeting pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and children 6–60 months old in Ethiopia. The qualitative study assessed participants' usage of egg powder across four prototypes: (i) plain egg powder, (ii) Shiro with egg powder, (iii) porridge mixed with egg powder, and (iv) egg powder scrambled with the local flatbread (injera). The research focused on participants' reactions to each prototype, considering preparation, cooking, and consumption experience, and gauged perceptions regarding each prototype's relevance, pricing, packaging, and place of purchase. A total of 38 participants were recruited across four regions with the following criteria: (1) Mothers with at least one child under 5; (2) PLW; (3) Decision-makers in their households regarding food purchases; (4) Literate, to ensure comprehension of the recipe booklet and label elements; (5) Not averse to the consumption of eggs; (6) No history of egg allergies (including family members); and (7) Belonging to lower-income categories. Overall, the egg powder received positive feedback, with identified areas for improvement indicated, mostly from an organoleptic point of view (unpleasant smell during the preparation stage). An in-home usage study of egg powder revealed positive reactions, particularly for the Shiro and baby porridge prototypes. The results are critical in identifying and introducing the most appropriate egg powder product for women and children in Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.4758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allium Macrostemon Bge. Attenuates the Cognitive Decline of Aging Mice by Enhancing BDNF/TrkB Pathway","authors":"Ruilin Sheng,&nbsp;Meihuan Zhao,&nbsp;Keting Pu,&nbsp;Yongtao Zhou,&nbsp;Li Zeng,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Chen,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Shijun Xu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Allium macrostemon</i> Bge. (AM) is a widely utilized culinary spice recognized for its numerous health-promoting properties. Aging-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) represents a significant global health concern during the aging process. However, the potential of AM to attenuate ARCI has not been investigated. This work aims to reveal the effects and potential mechanisms of the water extraction of AM (WEAM) in alleviating ARCI, with a particular emphasis on the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. The findings showed a significant enhancement in memory function and a reduction in hippocampal neuronal damage in aging mice following treatment with WEAM, manifested by an increased spontaneous alternation rate in the Y-maze, prolonged step-through latency, and decreased number of errors in the PAT test, a shortened escape latency and increased platform swimming time and platform crossing times in the MWM test. Additionally, WEAM reduced oxidative stress, elevated the expression of proteins related to synaptic plasticity (SYN and PSD95), and activated the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in D-galactose-induced aging mice. To elucidate the mechanism by which WEAM alleviates ARCI, both a TrkB activator (7,8-DHF) and an inhibitor (ANA-12) were employed. The results demonstrated that the effects of WEAM on synaptic plasticity were potentiated by 7,8-DHF and diminished by ANA-12. Finally, 11 chemical compositions of WEAM were analyzed and quantified using HPLC-MS/MS, including macrostemonoside, sarsasapogenin, diosgenin, timosaponin AIII, N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine, guanosine, adenosine, phenylalanine, adenine, arginine, and valine. These results suggest that AM may serve as a promising culinary spice for mitigating ARCI by promoting the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, thereby enhancing synaptic plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of High-Yielding and Drought-Tolerant Melon Genotypes Based on Yield–Trait Combinations: A Comparison of Pcor Index and GYT Biplot Approaches","authors":"Mohammad Reza Naroui Rad,&nbsp;Behnam Bakhshi,&nbsp;Ahmad Ghasemi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mohammad Ghasemi,&nbsp;Jahangir Abbasi Kohpalekani","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melon is a spring plant that grows well in Iran's warm, arid climate, so it is in high demand during the summer season. However, the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) effect and the difficulty of choosing several agronomic characteristics make breeding high–yielding melon cultivars difficult. This study utilized a novel methodology for genotyping that incorporates several characteristics, employing the genotype by yield by trait (GYT) biplot method. This technique uses yield–trait combinations to rate genotypes and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that genotypes with various combinations of yield and trait can be found and employed to enhance genetic material in melon breeding programs. The best genotypes were 23, 13, and 8, as they exhibited an ideal combination of plant output under drought stress circumstances and agro-physiological traits. The most superior genotype, genotype number 23, can be suggested for breeding operations based on the Pcor index and the GYT biplot analysis. This study shows the usefulness and effectiveness of the recently introduced Pcor and GYT biplot, which can assist breeders in choosing the best cultivars for high-yielding and drought-tolerant melon genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Infrared Radiation on Peeling and Roasting Chestnut Seeds (Castanea sativa Mill.) and Its Effect on the Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Characteristics of the Product","authors":"Shima Ezzati,&nbsp;Majid Javanmard dakheli,&nbsp;Hamed Ahari,&nbsp;Hossein Ahmadi Chenarbon,&nbsp;Gholamhassan Asadi","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The application of infrared radiation has proven effective for roasting, peeling, and inactivating microbes in food, leading to its increased use. This study explores its use for chestnut processing and its effects on storage. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized conditions for both infrared roasting and peeling: Radiation power (490.5 W), duration (21.42 min), distance (5.55 cm), and initial moisture content (13.77% and 2.72%). Under these conditions, the physicochemical properties, antioxidant content, color, mold count, microstructure, and sensory characteristics of chestnut samples were evaluated during 60 days of storage in polyethylene bags. Storage generally increased hardness and decreased moisture across all chestnut samples, but those processed with infrared radiation exhibited superior outcomes. Hot air roasting yielded the highest phenolic content. Initial color analysis showed no significant difference between IR and control groups, except for manually peeled samples exhibiting lower lightness (<i>L</i>* index) and browning index. Notably, on day 30, IR-roasted chestnuts had the lowest mold count, while hand-peeled samples had the highest. Finally, after 60 days, sensory evaluation revealed the lowest overall acceptance scores for hand-peeled chestnuts, while IR-roasted samples received the highest ratings. These findings demonstrate that IR technology for both roasting and peeling significantly improves the quality and sensory attributes of chestnuts during storage, suggesting its potential for industrial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Punicalagin Potential Against Cancers: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Muhammad Hammad Ul Hassan,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz,&nbsp;Ushna Momal,&nbsp;Hammad Naeem,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Abdelgawad,&nbsp;Mohammed M. Ghoneim,&nbsp;Ehab M. Mostafa,&nbsp;Ahmed H. El-Ghorab,&nbsp;Suliman A. Alsagaby,&nbsp;Waleed Al Abdulmonem,&nbsp;Muzzamal Hussain,&nbsp;Tadesse Fenta Yehuala","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Punicalagin, being a bioactive polyphenol, has gained significant interest owing to its potential anticancer effects. Researchers are studying punicalagin to determine its ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This paper focuses on highlighting the therapeutic potential of punicalagin against tumors and cancers. Punicalagin inhibits tumor growth within the body through various cellular pathway interactions. This compound effectively eliminates tumor cells from the liver, stomach, prostate, and lungs. Different animal model studies have demonstrated the potential of punicalagin in blocking the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, fighting against cancer. Through the inhibition of cell division, punicalagin may be capable of eradicating breast cancer cells. Punicalagin strongly inhibits the activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and uPA. Punicalagin effectively inhibits the androgen receptor (AR), a protein essential for the development and metastasis of prostate cancer. Lung cancer cells can be eliminated by initiating the caspase cascade and inhibiting protein synthesis, which is facilitated by punicalagin. In numerous animal models, punicalagin significantly reduces metastasis. Cyclokinase B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 promote colon cancer; when colon cancer cells reach the G2/M phase, punicalagin induces apoptosis by inhibiting the action of these proteins. Punicalagin inhibits tumor development and cancer propagation by inhibiting blood vessel proliferation. There is still a need for further clinical trials and studies to fully reveal punicalagin's potential as well as its safety; despite the fact that it may decrease the threat of increasing tumors and provide an alternative treatment for many cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peony Seed Oil Inhibited Neuroinflammation by PPAR/RXR Signaling Pathway in D-Gal Induced Mice","authors":"Tianyu Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Andong Ji,&nbsp;Runjia Shi,&nbsp;Huiying Li,&nbsp;Qiangcheng Zeng","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Essential fatty acids could regulate inflammation, especially n-3 PUFA (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), which are considered to have a protective effect to inhibit neuroinflammation. Peony seed oil is one of the most abundant n-3 PUFAs in oils. but the mechanism of peony seed oil affecting inflammation in mice brains is still lacking convincing evidence. Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into four groups: D-gal (D-galactose) induced model group, FO (D-gal + fish oil), PSO (D-gal + peony seed oil). After 10 weeks, the fatty acid composition in liver and brain tissues and potentially related genes were examined. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher, while arachidonic acid (AA) was significantly lower in both in the PSO and FO groups than that in the model group in the brain and liver. In the PSO and FO groups, the relative mRNA levels of <i>Fads1/2</i>, <i>Elovl2</i>, and <i>Acaa1a</i> were significantly up-regulated, but <i>Acox1</i> and <i>Acox3</i> were significantly down-regulated compared to the model group. In the PSO and FO groups, the relative protein levels of PPARG, RXRA, and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated, and the expressions of AGERs, TNF-α, PLA2, and PGF2α were significantly down-regulated compared to the model group. The phosphorylation-tau of total tau protein ratio was significantly lower in the PSO and FO groups than in the model group. Peony seed oil, rich in n-3 PUFA, inhibited neuroinflammation and rescued the disruption of alternative splicing of the <i>Mapt</i> gene by activating the PPAR/RXR signaling pathway and promoting n-3/n-6 biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remodeling of Gut Microbiome of Pakistani Expats in China After Ramadan Fasting","authors":"Hafiz Arbab Sakandar,&nbsp;Feiyan Zhao,&nbsp;Jiahe Kang,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem Khan,&nbsp;Zhihong Sun","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Time-restricted intermittent fasting (TRIF) has gained popularity as an intervention for addressing overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. It may influence the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting various microbiome-mediated functions in humans. However, limited studies have been conducted involving TRIF and microbiome on developing and underdeveloped populations. Here, we investigated the impact of TRIF/Ramadan fasting (16:8) on the changes of gut microbiome and functional profiling of microbial communities during and after the month of Ramadan in Pakistani Expats living in China. We observed substantial change in alpha diversity during TRIF; the changes in gut microbial structure by the end of TRIF were higher vis-a-vis in the beginning. Significant differences were observed among individuals; several bacteria (<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, <i>Coprococcus comes</i>, and <i>Lactococcus lactis,</i> among others) were changed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism; glycan biosynthesis; and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were significantly affected by TRIF. Pyridoxamine, glutamate, citrulline, arachidonic acid, and short-chain fatty acids showed substantial differences at different time points based on the predicted metabolic pathways. The preliminary results from this study demonstrate significant potential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying gut microbiome stability and enhancing the effectiveness of microbiome-tailored interventions among the Pakistani populace to ameliorate metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}