Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Trends and Directions of Preference Elicitation and Assessment in Food Science: Single-, Pair-, and Multi-Criteria Ranking Methods","authors":"László Sipos,&nbsp;Zsófia Galambosi,&nbsp;Péter Biró,&nbsp;László Csató,&nbsp;Sándor Bozóki","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Different ranking methods have long been used in sensory testing. Their diffusion was mainly due to their simplicity, their standardized methods, their software support, and their wide range of applications. However, a number of research and industrial problems have emerged recently that cannot be adequately solved by the standard approaches, making it necessary to apply and adapt methods from other disciplines. This article discusses the ranking methods of international sensory standardization (single-, pair-ranking methods, balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) according to the structure of standardization). We overview ranking methods in international sensory competitions. We evaluate some potential applications of ranking methodological developments pair ranking, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), graph theory, developed and applied by other disciplines, which are less used in sensory sciences. The principles and applications of these methodologies are summarized, and factors affecting their effectiveness and limitations are discussed. Preference modeling and quantification are key questions of decision and sensory sciences. Both areas require true, unbiased individual responses as well as their appropriate aggregation. Competitions are typically multi-criteria problems, evaluated by several decision makers. To better understand consumer preferences and to explore complex consumer choices, different methods and software from other disciplines—decision and social choice theory, operations research, economics (e.g., ranking based on pairwise comparisons, AHP, MCDM, graph theory)—are adapted and disseminated. In addition to surveying latest trends, we propose some areas of future research development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Raw, Aged, and Fermented Garlic: Influence of Processing Methods","authors":"Luis M. Cocom,&nbsp;Hsiao-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Kuo-Chan Tseng,&nbsp;Yung-Lin Chu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70743","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) is widely recognized for its bioactive properties, primarily attributed to its sulfur-containing compounds (SCs), which provide both prophylactic and therapeutic benefits. This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of raw, aged, and fermented garlic, utilizing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Processed garlic samples, including fermented garlic in fruit vinegar (FGV), honey (FGH), ethanol (FGE), aged garlic (AGE60), and fresh raw garlic (RAW), were analyzed to determine the effects of different processing methods on their functional properties. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method to measure inhibition zones (IZ) and microdilution techniques to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Pichia guilliermondii</i>. The results indicate that FGV, FGH, FGE, and AGE60 exhibited notable antimicrobial activity, while RAW garlic demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial effects, primarily due to its high allicin content and other sulfur-containing organosulfur compounds (OSCs), which are recognized as potent antimicrobial agents. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated through free radical scavenging activity (RSA) using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total phenolic content (TPC). AGE60, FGH, and FGV exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with fermentation and aging processes contributing to the production of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, thereby enhancing antioxidative capacity. However, these processing methods did not significantly improve antimicrobial properties. These findings highlight the impact of processing methods on garlic's functional properties, suggesting that different processing techniques may be tailored to optimize specific health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-Dwarfing Reduced Height Genes Hardly Influenced Gluten Protein Composition While Extreme Dwarfing Genes Decreased Glutenins in Wheat","authors":"Sabrina Geisslitz,&nbsp;Matías Schierenbeck,&nbsp;Andreas Börner,&nbsp;Katharina Anne Scherf","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The introduction of reduced height (<i>Rht</i>) genes into wheat during the Green Revolution led to lower plant height, but their effect on protein composition was unknown. Therefore, the protein composition of near isogenic lines (NILs) of four <i>Triticum aestivum</i> genotypes with five different <i>Rht</i> allele/allele combinations was compared to the tall wild-type (<i>rht</i>) by modified Osborne fractionation. The semi-dwarfing (<i>Rht1</i>, <i>Rht2</i>) and the dwarf <i>Rht</i> gene combination (<i>Rht1 + 2</i>) only had a small effect on protein composition. The extreme dwarfing genes (<i>Rht3</i> and <i>Rht2 + 3</i>) decreased glutenin content leading to higher gliadin-to-glutenin ratios compared to the tall wild-type (<i>rht</i>). A strong environmental influence on the protein composition was observed. The introduction of the semi-dwarfing and dwarfing <i>Rht</i> genes (<i>Rht1</i>, <i>Rht2</i>, <i>Rht1 + 2</i>) that are predominantly present in modern wheat does not represent the primary factor contributing to the observed variation in protein composition between modern and pre-Green Revolution wheat cultivars. The extreme dwarfs <i>Rht3</i> and <i>Rht2 + 3</i> are not recommended to be included in wheat breeding programs due to their lower glutenin content. The high number of harvest years and biological replicates strengthen our findings. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that conducted Osborne fractionation on NILs with different <i>Rht</i> alleles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Ferula Plant Extract Against Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats","authors":"Serdar Yigit,&nbsp;Fatma Necmiye Kaci,&nbsp;Arzu Gezer,&nbsp;Muhammed Yayla,&nbsp;Lale Duysak,&nbsp;Pınar Aksu Kilicle,&nbsp;Erdem Toktay,&nbsp;Nilnur Eyerci,&nbsp;Gül Esma Akdogan Karadag,&nbsp;Seyit Ali Bingol","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70730","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and may cause oxidative damage in the stomach tissue. Scientific studies are carried out to discover alternative bioactive phytocompounds and to reveal herbal products with pharmacological effects. In our study, we investigated whether the Ferula, which is antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, used for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men, menopausal disorders, diabetes, and prevention of osteoporosis, is effective in the treatment of gastric ulcer. 36 Sprague–Dawley adolescent male rats were divided into six groups: indomethacin, indomethacin + Famotidine, indomethacin + Ferula 400 mg, indomethacin + Ferula 800 mg, Ferula 800 mg, and healthy. It was determined that ulcerative areas were decreased in the high-dose group of Ferula extract. SOD, GSH, and CAT levels increased with Ferula extract in 800 mg doses, and MDA levels decreased with Ferula extract in 800 mg doses compared to the indomethacin group. <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>p53</i> gene expression levels were decreased in Ferula extract in low doses (600 mg) compared to the indomethacin group. We determined that Ferula was effective in gastric ulcers. <i>Ferula orientalis</i> plant extract may be an alternative way to prevent drug-induced gastric ulcer. This anti-ulcer effect will be used as a food supplement in the future with further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Tea Wastes Prepared Using Different Composting Methods on the Seedling Growth and Selected Biochemical Properties of Maize (Zea mays var. indurata)","authors":"Gözde Hafize Yıldırım,&nbsp;Ebru Batı Ay,&nbsp;Mustafa Doğukan Şahin","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maize is a vital cereal crop globally and a key component of Turkey's agriculture. Sustainable practices, particularly the use of organic waste, are crucial for maintaining soil health and reducing environmental impact. Tea waste, rich in organic matter and bioactive compounds, presents a promising resource for composting and supports the circular economy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tea waste-based composts, prepared using different composting methods, on seedling growth and selected biochemical properties of maize. Five treatment combinations were established using tea composts enriched with various organic fertilizers, including chicken manure, vermicompost, and bat guano. The treatments were as follows: tea compost+chicken manure (TC+CM), tea compost+chicken manure+bat guano (TC+CM+BG), tea compost+bat guano (TC+BG), tea compost+bat guano+vermicompost (TC+BG+VC), and tea compost+vermicompost (TC+VC). To allow a broader evaluation of treatment effects, three local maize genotypes (G1, G2, G3) were included in the experiment. The effects of compost treatments were evaluated at the seedling stage based on key biochemical and morphological parameters. Different compost applications led to substantial differences in the biochemical and morphological characteristics of maize seedlings. The highest total phenolic content was observed in G1–TC+BG+VC; total flavonoid accumulation in G2–TC+VC and proline accumulation in G3–TC+VC; total antioxidant capacity in G2–TC+CM+BG; catalase activity in G1–TC and G3–TC+BG; ascorbate peroxidase activity in G3–TC+BG+VC; total chlorophyll in G3–TC+CM; and total carotenoid in G3–TC+BG treatments. Morphologically, the tallest seedlings were obtained in G1–TC+VC, the largest leaf area in G3–TC, and the highest fresh seedling weight in G3–TC+CM treatments. Enhanced tea compost mixtures positively influenced various biochemical and morphological traits in maize seedlings. Notably, the TC+CM, TC+VC, and TC+BG+VC treatments outperformed others across multiple parameters, demonstrating their potential to improve plant growth. These findings offer a promising pathway toward more environmentally conscious agricultural practices and reinforce the prospects of sustainable crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the pH-Shift Technique for Sequential Extraction of Intact Proteins and Sulfated Polysaccharide From Fish Heads: A Novel Biorefinery Approach","authors":"Shahab Naghdi,&nbsp;Masoud Rezaei,&nbsp;Mehdi Tabarsa,&nbsp;Mehdi Abdollahi","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70673","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pH-shift technology was successfully expanded for the sequential recovery of proteins and sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from rainbow trout heads. Adjusting the pH of the remaining process water after protein recovery at their isoelectric point to 8 enabled precipitation and recovery of SPs with the aid of ethanol at both alkaline and acid process versions and named SP-11.5 and SP-2.5, respectively. The mass yield of SPs recovered using the alkaline process version was 3.25%, nearly double that of SP (1.75%) from the acid version. SP-11.5 contained higher levels of carbohydrates (61.22%), proteins (13.29%), and sulfates (12.13%) compared to SP-2.5. FTIR, DSC, and XRD analyses showed no significant differences in the structural properties of the recovered SPs as a function of the pH-shift process version. However, SP-11.5 exhibited better antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and metal chelating tests and superior antibacterial properties against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> than SP-2.5. This study suggests that the pH-shift process can be effectively extended for sequential extraction of both protein isolates and SPs from fish by-products for a multiple product biorefinery where the alkaline version outperformed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torreya grandis Seed Polyphenols Protect RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation","authors":"Ran Liu,&nbsp;Baogang Zhou,&nbsp;Kundian Che,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Haoyuan Luo,&nbsp;Jialin Yang,&nbsp;Zhanjun Chen,&nbsp;Wenzhong Hu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70682","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The seeds of <i>Torreya grandis</i> are rich in polyphenols, yet their chemical characteristics and biological activities require systematic elucidation. In this study, <i>T. grandis</i> seed polyphenols (TGSP) were prepared using ultrasound-assisted extraction (70% ethanol, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, 210 W power, 55°C, 50 min) coupled with AB-8 macroporous resin purification. The resulting TGSP were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Subsequently, their biological activities were systematically evaluated through in vitro chemical assays and in a cellular model. Structural analysis indicated that TGSP are abundant in gallic acid and catechins. TGSP exhibited selective scavenging activities against different free radicals, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) for 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS·+), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·), and hydroxyl radical (·OH) being 0.194 ± 0.015, 0.301 ± 0.020, and 1.013 ± 0.018 mg/mL, respectively. For comparison, the IC₅₀ values of vitamin C (VC) for ABTS·+ and DPPH· radicals were well below 0.1 mg/mL, and its IC₅₀ for ·OH radicals was 0.108 ± 0.011 mg/mL. At the cellular level, TGSP effectively inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, TGSP significantly counteracted hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and suppressing caspase-3/9-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that <i>T. grandis</i> seed polyphenols exert significant cytoprotective effects through a multi-target mechanism, including direct free radical scavenging, inhibition of inflammation, and attenuation of oxidative stress-induced damage. This suggests their potential for development as functional food ingredients or natural pharmaceutical components.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallic Acid and Vitamin C Mitigate Histopathological Changes in the Retina by Attenuating Dyslipidemia and Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Eyes of Type 2 Diabetic Rats Induced With Fructose/Streptozotocin","authors":"He Wang,&nbsp;Lina Guan,&nbsp;Hanyue Guan,&nbsp;Jingheng Zhong,&nbsp;Jiangtao Zhong","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The result of combined supplementation of gallic acid and vitamin C on histopathological changes in the retina of type 2 diabetic rats induced with fructose and streptozotocin (STZ) was studied. Albino male rats (numbering 25) were assigned into five groups of five rats each as follows: Normal control and diabetic control (non-diabetic and diabetic rats given rat feeds and water); diabetic + gallic acid (diabetic rats given gallic acid, 20 mg/kg, orally), diabetic + vitamin C (diabetic rats given vitamin C, 25 mg/kg, orally), diabetic + gallic acid + vitamin C (diabetic rats given gallic acid, 20 mg/kg and vitamin C, 25 mg/kg, orally). The study lasted for 10 weeks. The diabetic rats had a marked increase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin resistance (IR), lipase, dyslipidemia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pro-apoptotic marker level, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, and a significant decline (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in pancreatic beta cell function index (HOMA-β), serum levels of amylase and vitamin C, body weights, anti-apoptotic marker level as well as histopathological changes in their retina. These changes were improved after supplementing with gallic acid, vitamin C, and their combination. The HOMA-β levels of the diabetic rats that received vitamin C (1.39 ± 0.59) and the combination of gallic acid and vitamin C (0.86 ± 0.77) were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than the diabetic rats that received gallic acid (−0.01 ± 0.62) while their HbA1C and VEGF levels were lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than the diabetic rats that received gallic acid. Vitamin C treatment was better than gallic acid, and its combination with gallic acid enhanced the therapeutic effect of gallic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Yogurt: Enhancing Color Stability, Functional Quality, and Storage Life With Malabar Spinach (Basella alba L.) Fruit","authors":"Md. Akhtaruzzaman,&nbsp;Tanjim Ahmed,&nbsp;Md. Rakibul Islam,&nbsp;Sharmin Akther,&nbsp;Md. Sajib Al Reza","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70710","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malabar spinach (<i>Basella alba</i> L.) is a leafy green vegetable rich in betalains, and is found in its fruit. It is also rich in bioactive and antioxidant compounds. This study investigated the potential use of malabar spinach fruit extract (MSFE) at four concentrations (T₀ = 0 μL (control), T₁ = 500 μL, T₂ = 1000 μL, and T₃ = 2000 μL) in yogurt as a natural colorant during 21 days of refrigerated storage. The pH and syneresis of the MSFE-containing yogurt significantly decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the total soluble solids, viscosity, and titratable acidity increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner and maintained a similar pattern upon storage. Furthermore, compared with the control yogurt, the MSFE-treated yogurt exhibited higher total phenolic content (29.97 mg GAE/100 g DM, T₃) and total flavonoid content (6.72 mg QE/100 g DM, T₃) as well as increased antioxidant activity (15.47%, T₃). Higher MSFE levels significantly reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) the initial total plate count from 520.5 × 10⁶ CFU/g (T₁) to 118.7 × 10⁶ CFU/g (T₃). However, bacterial proliferation led to an increase in the total plate count during storage. MSFE significantly enhanced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) yogurt color properties, with T₃ resulting in the highest betalain content (2.776 mg/L). The betalain content slightly decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) after 14 days but regenerated by the end of the storage period. Nevertheless, MSFE exhibited acceptable color stability over a wide pH range during storage. These findings suggest that MSFE is a viable natural colorant for yogurt, offering improved nutrition and consumer appeal, which was further confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza on Hormonal and Cellular Parameters of Spermatogenesis in Male Rats After the Consumption of Ibuprofen","authors":"Fatemeh Salehi,&nbsp;Leila Zarei,&nbsp;Yaser Mokhayeri,&nbsp;Omid Rajabzadeh","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> (SM), a medicinal herb known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been traditionally used to treat various physiological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of SM extract on spermatogenesis in male Wistar rats following ibuprofen administration. A total of 42 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group; SM group (200 mg/kg); ibuprofen-treated groups at doses of 15 mg/kg (IbL) and 30 mg/kg (IbH); and two co-treatment groups receiving SM (200 mg/kg) along with either 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg of ibuprofen. Serum levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH were measured using ELISA assay kits. Oxidative stress markers including TAC, MDA, GPx, and CAT were also assessed using specific commercial diagnostic kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Histopathological evaluation of testicular tissue was performed using the Johnsen scoring system, and sperm parameters were analyzed from the epididymal tail. Significant histopathological changes were observed only in the IbH group (30 mg/kg), showing a decrease in seminiferous tubule thickness and count compared to control (<i>p &lt; 0.05</i>). No significant differences were found in Johnsen scores or necrosis grades among groups. Serum testosterone levels significantly increased in the SM-treated group (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05), while FSH and LH levels remained unchanged. The highest CAT activity was observed in the SM group, whereas the lowest was in the IbH and IbL groups (<i>p &lt;</i> 0.05). The highest MDA level was detected in the IbL group, and the highest GPx level was seen in the SM + IbH group. Sperm parameters improved significantly in the SM-treated groups but were adversely affected by high-dose ibuprofen (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These findings indicate that ibuprofen, especially at a high dose, may impair spermatogenesis and sperm quality, potentially through induction of oxidative stress. In contrast, SM demonstrated protective effects by improving testosterone levels, enhancing antioxidant defense (TAC), and partially restoring sperm parameters. These results suggest that SM could serve as a potential natural supplement to mitigate the adverse effects of ibuprofen on male reproductive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}