Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Jiawei Danxuan Koukang and Its Component Kaempferol Alleviate Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Restoring Epithelial-Fibroblast Homeostasis and Suppressing Neutrophil Recruitment via the ANXA1/FPR2 Axis.","authors":"Yao Xiao, Yisi Tan, Yanli Liu, Ruiyi Chen, Tao Zhou, Zhaoyong Hu, Jin Tan","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71785","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a betel quid chewing-associated precancerous disorder. Studies have shown that the traditional Chinese medicine Jiawei Danxuan Koukang (JDK) exhibits inhibitory effects on OSF, but its specific mechanisms and molecular targets remain unstated. This study aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of JDK and its component kaempferol in treating OSF. OSF rat model and in vitro cell models were induced by arecoline. Techniques, including hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and molecular docking were used to evaluate the effects of JDK and kaempferol on OSF pathological damage, Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) expression, neutrophil infiltration, collagen deposition, and fibroblast activation. JDK and kaempferol alleviated pathological damage in the oral mucosa tissues of OSF rats, inhibited collagen deposition and fibroblast activation marker expressions, including fibroblast activation protein (FAP), vimentin (VIM), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), and improved mouth opening function. Further studies revealed that JDK and kaempferol upregulated ANXA1 expression, thereby suppressing neutrophil recruitment, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and collagen deposition. In vitro experiments confirmed that kaempferol directly bound to ANXA1 in epithelial cells, enhancing its stability, and interacted with FPR2 signaling in fibroblasts to inhibit their activation, thereby restoring epithelial-fibroblast homeostasis. However, knockdown of ANXA1 reversed these protective effects. JDK and kaempferol attenuated OSF by upregulating the ANXA1/FPR2 axis, inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and fibroblast activation, suggesting ANXA1 as a potential therapeutic target for OSF. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that JDK/kaempferol exert anti-fibrotic effects in OSF specifically through the ANXA1/FPR2 axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Gastrointestinal Stability and Functional Evaluation of Yogurt Fortified With Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics.","authors":"Gökçe Eminoğlu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71787","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, yogurt formulations with paraprobiotic (heat inactivated <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>) and postbiotic (autolyzed and dried <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) additions were developed to improve the techno-functional properties of yogurt/probiotic yogurts. Yogurt/probiotic yogurt samples were prepared by adding 0.5% autolyzed and dried <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and 10⁹ cfu/mL heat-killed <i>L. acidophilus</i> cells and stored at 4°C ± 1°C for 21 days. Using a standard in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model simulating digestion in the gastric and intestinal phases, bacterial survival, antioxidant and phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial properties in yogurt samples were determined and compared with the pre-digestion. The addition of inactive <i>L. acidophilus</i> cells had no significant effect on the physicochemical, microbiological, antioxidant or antimicrobial properties of yogurt samples. In contrast, the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the samples containing autolyzed and dried <i>S. cerevisiae</i> were affected, and these effects also varied with storage time. The antioxidant and phenolic contents of the samples increased by 69%-117% and 8%-25%, respectively, during the gastric digestion compared to pre-digestion levels, whereas after intestinal digestion, these values reached 122%-208% and 135%-172%. In vitro digestion analyses revealed that samples containing postbiotics and paraprobiotics exhibited higher levels of bioavailable compounds throughout the digestion stages. These findings suggest that the addition of postbiotics and paraprobiotics may be an effective strategy to improve the functional properties of fermented dairy products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects and Mechanisms of Pomegranate on Regulating Lipid Metabolism.","authors":"Hao Wang, Jingtao Liu, Xin Dong, Tiantian Shi, Xuena Zhang, Yide He, Shaonan Hu, Yuewu Wang, Jian Zheng, Peifeng Xue","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71789","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.71789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet effective dietary interventions remain underexplored. Pomegranate (POG) has been recognized for its potential lipid-lowering effects, but its underlying mechanisms require further investigation. To elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of POG in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats, a comprehensive strategy combining metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses was implemented. Here, we demonstrate that POG exerts hypolipidemic effects through modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. The findings revealed that POG administration significantly reduces body weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue accumulation, while alleviating hepatic steatosis. These metabolic improvements were accompanied by ameliorated lipid metabolism, manifested through significant reductions in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with concurrent elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Metabolomic analysis reveals that POG treatment significantly alters sphingolipid, pyrimidine, and arachidonic acid metabolism, highlighting its role in lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling identifies 440 differentially expressed genes enriched in lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways, including lipid and atherosclerosis, NF-κB, and TNF signaling pathways. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the regulatory effects of POG on lipid metabolism and inflammation, rendering it conducive to incorporation into functional foods or pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Multifunctional Qualities of Palm Oil With Plant-Derived Essential Oils: An Integrated HPLC and RSM Approach.","authors":"Manal A Almalki, H Uguru, O Nyorere, O Eboibi, O Akpomedaye, Nashi K Alqahtani, Sarah Alharthi, Rokayya Sami, Norah E Aljohani, Afnan M Alnajeebi, Mahmoud Helal","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major goal of this research was to develop a suitable model-based optimization strategy that will preserve the bioengineering properties of palm oil by optimizing natural essential oils-precisely, turmeric oil (TUO), ginger oil (GO), and banana peel oil (BPO). The palm oil was blended by using a well-structured experimental design based on optimal mixture and response surface methodology. All the oil samples were heated to 200°C for 150 min, and the antioxidant effect of the treatments on the thermal degradation of the samples was determined in accordance with standard procedures. The results revealed that the kinematic viscosity, flash point, carotenoids, and tocopherols of the fresh palm oil were 32.05 mm²/s, 319.74°C, 751.67 mg/kg, and 871.00 mg/kg, respectively. However, the extended exposure to high temperature caused the iodine value, kinematic viscosity, carotenoids, tocopherols, oxidative stability index, and breakdown voltage of untreated palm oil to decrease by 52.37%, 63.34%, 41.11%, 94.26%, 76.98%, and 65.23%, respectively. Also, based on the Combined I-optimal mixture and response surface experimental design results, the treatments substantially inhibited the degradation of the PO, thereby preserving its quality. The anti-thermal degradation ability of the EOs was further confirmed by the treated oil's BDV values, spectra, and DPPH values. After heating, the unfortified PO sample exhibited the maximum O-H and peak values of 3400 cm^-1 and 1710-1720 cm^-1, respectively; while the blended PO showed the minimum peak value of 2920 cm^-1. Remarkably, the model developed in this study was able to predict the effectiveness of these treatments in improving the PO quality, as well as stabilizing these attributes in the presence of extended high temperatures. The model validation revealed that the PO samples blended with high concentrations of TUO yielded the optimal results, with consistent high retention levels of breakdown voltage, carotenoids, oxidative stability index, and tocopherols, as well as lower values of the free fatty acids and peroxides. Specifically, the hybridization results showed that the ranking of thermal stability effectiveness of the essential oils trailed this pattern: TUO> GO > BPO. Finally, the outcomes of this study will provide a scientific foundation for utilizing plant-based essential oil to achieve more thermally stable vegetable oils, with enhanced dietary, engineering, and pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Role of Rumen Microbiome in Modulating Intramuscular Fat Deposition of Pingliang Red Cattle.","authors":"Hong Meng, Shuanping Zhao, Hai Jin, Huibin Zhang, Qian Li, Lupei Zhang, Junwei Hu, Fanyun Kong, Xinyi Du, Qinggang Li, Muhammad Ajwad Rahim, Lei Xu, Yanfeng Xue","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pingliang Red cattle is renowned for its tender meat and symmetrical intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition. Rumen microbiota are crucial for energy metabolism and nutrient acquisition in cattle, significantly influencing IMF deposition. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how rumen microbiota impact IMF deposition in Pingliang Red cattle. 34 castrated Pingliang Red cattle were subjected to the same management for 2 months, followed by centralized and unified slaughtering. Based on the measured IMF content in the longissimus dorsi, 18 cattle were selected and divided into a high-intramuscular-fat group (HIMF, <i>n</i> = 9) and a low-intramuscular-fat group (LIMF, <i>n</i> = 9). Rumen fluid was subsequently collected for metagenomic sequencing. Results showed significant differences in taxonomic abundance at both the genus and species levels, the relative abundance of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) families, and functional profiles (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specific rumen microbes, such as <i>Limosilactobacillus panis</i> (AUC = 0.765) and <i>Fibrobacter succinogenes</i> (AUC = 0.753), served as potential biomarkers for HIMF deposition in Pingliang Red cattle. With the exception of <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Fibrobacter succinogenes, Limosilactobacillus panis</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, and <i>Streptomyces</i> exhibited positive correlations with IMF content. Functional analysis based on KEGG orthology (KO) indicated that specific enzymes promote IMF deposition by regulating the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), and lipopolysaccharides, as well as insulin signaling. These findings provide a theoretical reference for regulating rumen microbial communities to improve IMF deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Consumption and Risk of Diabetic Angiopathy: Mediating Role of Gut Microbiota Revealed by Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Wei Bao, Xiao-Jia Huang, Ning Gu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic angiopathy (DA) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Although traditional mechanisms emphasize hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in diabetes and its complications. Coffee consumption, rich in bioactive compounds, has been linked to metabolic health, but its relationship with DA remains unclear due to confounding factors. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effects of coffee consumption on DA and the mediating role of gut microbiota. Using genetic variants as instrumental variables, we analyzed summary data from large genome-wide association studies on coffee consumption, gut microbiota, and DA. Results indicated a causal association between higher coffee consumption and increased DA risk, with specific gut microbial <i>Lawsonibacter sp002161175</i> partially mediating this relationship. Multivariable MR (MVMR) and Bayesian weighted MR (BWMR) supported the robustness of these findings. This study provides genetic evidence for a causal link between coffee intake and DA and suggests a potential mediating role of gut microbiota, offering insights for preventive strategies against diabetic vascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Profiling Reveals the Effects of Feeding Approaches on Infants' Gut Microenvironment.","authors":"Simin Zhu, Wenjuan Tu, Wenting Zhang, Li Qing, Chengan Wang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast milk can improve infant health by exerting beneficial effects on the developing gut microbiota and metabolites. However, infant formula composition undergoes continual refinement to better approximate breast milk. This study aimed to timely monitor the evolving disparities in the gut microenvironment between breastfed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants. This prospective cohort study enrolled 44 healthy infants at 6 months of age, stratified by infant feeding modality into BF (<i>n</i> = 27) and FF (<i>n</i> = 17) groups. Fecal samples of all infants were collected and tested. Fecal microbiota was tested via full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal metabolites were tested via untargeted UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics. Associations between gut microbiota and metabolites were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation test. Bacterial full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus, and Rothia were more enriched in the BF group, but Enterococcus and Mediterraneibacter were more enriched in the FF group conversely (<i>p</i> < 0.05). UPLC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling revealed 600 dysregulated metabolites (<i>p</i> < 0.05) discriminating BF and FF infants, with 225 metabolites up-regulated and 375 metabolites down-regulated in the BF group. Further analysis of the significantly differential metabolites of the top 100 Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) revealed that 12 metabolites could be mapped onto Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) pathways, in which the metabolites were mostly mapped onto Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and were down-regulated in the BF group, including Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoid acid (HETE), (15S)-Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), and 11-dehydro-TXB2. Breastfeeding establishes a distinct ecological imprinting on the infant gut, promoting specific taxa and downregulating pro-inflammatory fecal AA metabolites. These disparities suggest breastfeeding uniquely modulates the microbial-metabolic axis to maintain a lower inflammatory tone, offering immunological advantages despite modern formula innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13079968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of Cherry Laurel (<i>Prunus laurocerasus</i>) Extracts via Spray and Freeze Drying: Effects on Bioactive Compounds, Volatile Profile, and Physicochemical Properties of the Powder.","authors":"Ahmet Alp Karamanoglu, Zekai Tarakçi, Mehmet Akif Karagol","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the encapsulation of cherry laurel (<i>Prunus laurocerasus</i>) fruit extracts by spray drying and freeze-drying using gum arabic, maltodextrin, and their mixture. Powder yields ranged from 63.57% (MD165) to 98.33% (MD-L), with freeze-dried samples showing higher recovery. Encapsulation efficiencies varied between 23.89% and 83.82%, highest in gum arabic-coated powders. Moisture contents ranged from 2.85% to 7.55%, with water activity below 0.32 for all samples. The highest total phenolic content (469.14 mg GAE/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (514.39 mg TE/100 g) were observed in freeze-dried samples. Thirty-three volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS; alcohols and hydrocarbons were found at higher levels in freeze-dried samples, whereas ketones were primarily formed in spray-dried powders. PCA and heatmap analyses confirmed that drying method and coating material significantly affected volatile profiles. PCA score plots clearly separated freeze-dried and spray-dried groups, with PC1 and PC2 explaining over 60% of total variance. Heatmap clustering showed gum arabic improved retention of acetic acid and esters, while maltodextrin preserved aldehydes like benzaldehyde. SEM images revealed smooth, spherical particles in spray-dried samples and porous, fractured structures in freeze-dried powders. Overall, freeze-drying combined with gum arabic achieved the best retention of bioactive and volatile compounds, while spray drying with maltodextrin produced powders with good morphology and flowability. These results highlight how encapsulation method and wall material selection optimize the functional quality of cherry laurel powders for use in value-added functional food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13079965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Production of Hypoglycaemic Peptides: Exploring the Potential of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>.","authors":"Qian Li, Keying Su, Chunmin Yang, Xiaoyan Sun, Jing Huang, Saiyi Zhong, Lai-Hoong Cheng","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has emerged as a major global health challenge, while currently available therapeutic drugs are frequently associated with drug resistance and adverse side effects. In recent years, bioactive peptides have attracted increasing attention as promising hypoglycaemic candidates due to their favorable safety profiles, good tolerability, and multi-target physiological regulatory activities. As a GRAS-designated unicellular green alga, <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> is characterized by a high protein content, with approximately 46.9% of its dry biomass composed of protein, making it a rich source for the development of hypoglycaemic short peptides. Previous studies have shown that proteolytic products derived from <i>C. reinhardtii</i> markedly inhibit key glucose-regulating enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase, exhibiting superior inhibitory potential compared with various terrestrial protein sources. Nevertheless, challenges remain in the large-scale production of <i>C. reinhardtii</i>-derived hypoglycaemic peptides, precise control of the proteolytic process, and validation of their in vivo efficacy. This review summarizes the major sources of hypoglycaemic peptides, current extraction and characterization strategies, and their underlying mechanisms of action, while highlighting the application potential and key limitations of <i>C. reinhardtii</i>-derived hypoglycaemic peptides. Addressing these challenges is expected to facilitate the development and application of <i>C. reinhardtii</i>-based functional foods and nutraceuticals for diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13079433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Nutrient Intakes on the Stages and Mortality of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Jianbo Qing, Jiaying Hu, Kaili Qin, Mingjing Gao, Yimiao Ma, Sayna Norouzi, Junnan Wu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.71747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with substantial mortality. As diet is a key modifiable determinant in the development and progression of CKM syndrome, this study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary nutrient intake and CKM syndrome to inform prevention and management strategies. We integrated data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to provide both global and individual-level insights. Global age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) attributable to dietary risks were analyzed for six CKM-related diseases. Multinomial logistic regression and weighted Poisson regression were used to assess associations between 26 dietary nutrients and CKM syndrome stages and mortality, and a nutrient-based mortality risk prediction model and nomogram were further developed and validated. Marked regional variations in ASDR and ASMR were observed, particularly in Eastern Europe. Significant differences in nutrient intake patterns were found across CKM syndrome stages. Lower potassium and higher sodium intake were associated with advanced CKM stages. Cholesterol intake was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk, whereas higher intakes of dietary fiber, choline, vitamin K, and PFA 20:4 were associated with reduced mortality risk. The nutrient-based nomogram demonstrated good predictive performance for mortality risk in CKM syndrome. In conclusion, this study integrates global burden estimates with individual-level nutrient data to characterize dietary determinants of CKM syndrome progression and mortality, highlighting modifiable nutrient targets and providing a data-driven framework for dietary risk prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"14 4","pages":"e71747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147689070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}