Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Determining the Range for Appropriate Gestational Weight Gain Proportion for Singleton Pregnant Chinese Women","authors":"Yin Jia,&nbsp;Haili Jiang,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Yuhui Fu,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Huili Wang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To examine the optimal proportion of gestational weight gain (GWG) for Chinese singleton women based on Chinese body mass index (BMI) categories. A retrospective cohort study with 16,977 singleton pregnant women was conducted. Among the included subjects, 2/3 of whom were randomly imported into the training set for calculating the optimal proportion of GWG ranges, and another third of the women were imported into the validation set to evaluate the GWG ranges calculated with different methods. The detection rate of adverse outcomes of pregnant women with appropriate weight gain proportion under the above three methods was evaluated by paired chi-square test, using the data of pregnant women in the validation database. According to the percentile method, the suitable proportion of GWG of pregnant women with underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obesity before pregnancy was 25.8%–37.8%, 20.3%–30.8%, 13.0%–23.1%, respectively. According to the Odds ratio method, the suitable proportion of GWG for pregnant women with different BMI categories was 24%–34%, 14%–18%, and 4%–14%, respectively. According to the combined risk curve method, the suitable proportion of GWG for pregnant women with different BMI categories was 27.9%–32.5%, 11.5%–16.8%, and −2.1%–5.5%, respectively. When the proportion of GWG ranges from 27.9%–32.5%, 11.5%–16.8%, and −2.1%–5.5% for different BMI categories, the pregnant women with appropriate weight gain proportions have the lowest detection rate of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. The GWG proportion serves as a valuable clinical indicator for enabling personalized weight management strategies and tailored nutritional guidance during pregnancy. The recommended proportion of GWG in this study for underweight, normal, overweight, and obese pregnant women was 27.9%–32.5%, 11.5%–16.8%, and −2.1%–5.5%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of the Medicinal Mushroom Fomitopsis pinicola in Inhibiting Biofilm and Reducing Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Başar Karaca,&nbsp;Noah Kyalo Kilonzo,&nbsp;Şilan Korkmaz,&nbsp;Okan Onar,&nbsp;Özlem Yıldırım,&nbsp;Arzu Çöleri Cihan","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activity of <i>Fomitopsis pinicola</i> against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strains and its potential to improve the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and exert selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Ethanolic extracts of <i>F. pinicola</i> were analyzed for antibacterial activity by MIC and time-kill assays. Synergistic interactions with antibiotics were quantified using checkerboard assays. Antibiofilm activity was analyzed on polystyrene and stainless-steel surfaces. Anti-quorum sensing activity was determined by the inhibition of violacein in <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>. Efflux pump inhibition was assessed by the accumulation of the ethidium bromide. The down-regulation of virulence genes (<i>agrA</i>, <i>hla</i>) was measured by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR). FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopy characterized the bioactive compounds, and the cytotoxicity assays on HT-29 colon cancer and Vero cells evaluated selective toxicity. The extract showed strong antibacterial effects with a MIC of 312.5 μg/mL and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. Synergistic interactions with antibiotics led to FIC indices ≤ 0.5. The extract significantly inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated already formed biofilms. Sub-MIC concentrations reduced quorum sensing by 85.01%, inhibited efflux pump activity, and down-regulated virulence-associated genes. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of triterpenoids and terpenoids. The extract displayed selective cytotoxicity on HT-29 cancer cells, showing strong inhibition, while normal Vero cells were spared. These results emphasize the potential of <i>F. pinicola</i> as a robust candidate for antimicrobial therapeutics, especially against biofilm-associated and multidrug-resistant pathogens, as well as a selective anticancer agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turkish Adaptation of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire Milk Feeding and Solid Feeding Versions","authors":"Mahmut Caner Us,&nbsp;Hatice Ezgi Baris,&nbsp;Elif Öztürk,&nbsp;Ayşe Şahin,&nbsp;Gökçe Nizam,&nbsp;Betül Şenyürek,&nbsp;Perran Boran","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to conduct a Turkish language adaptation of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire Milk Feeding (FPSQ-M) and (Semi-)Solid Feeding versions (FPSQ-S), which were developed to assess dietary content and parental feeding practices in early childhood, for use in our country. Subjects were recruited from an internet sample through social media. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and test–retest reliability by Pearson's correlation test and paired <i>t</i>-test. Principal component factor analysis was used for factorial validity. A total of 411 parents with children aged 0–24 months participated in the study (<i>n</i>: 181 for the FPSQ-M, <i>n</i>: 224 for the FPSQ-S). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FPSQ-M was found to be 0.78 and the four-component model accounted for 61.69% of the total variance, with all four subscales showing moderate to good internal consistency (using food to calm: 0.88, parent-led feeding: 0.81, persuasive feeding: 0.79, and feeding on demand: 0.66). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FPSQ-S was found to be 0.87, and the six-component model accounted for 59.71% of the total variance, with all six subscales showing moderate to good internal consistency [using (non-)food rewards: 0.89, using food to calm: 0.85, persuasive feeding: 0.83, family meal environment: 0.83, feeding on demand: 0.68, and parent-led feeding: 0.60]. Both versions demonstrated significant and moderate to strong test–retest reliability. The Turkish adapted FPSQ-M with 16 items distributing a four-factor structure and the FPSQ-S with 31 items distributing a six-factor structure were reliable questionnaires for measuring feeding practices among Turkish children aged 0–24 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Insights Into Dietary Factors, Metabolic Traits and Myasthenia Gravis Risk: A Large-Scale Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study in European Populations","authors":"Guoliang You,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Minheng Zhang,&nbsp;Hongwei Liu,&nbsp;Xuan Chen,&nbsp;Haixia Fan","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of dietary factors and metabolic traits on the risk of myasthenia gravis (MG) is not well understood. This study utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationships between 16 dietary factors and 10 metabolic traits with MG risk. Using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, we identified significant causal associations and tested for heterogeneity using Cochran's <i>Q</i> test. The MR-Egger intercept was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy, and the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) framework was applied to detect and correct for potential outliers. Our analysis revealed that increased fresh fruit intake was associated with a reduced risk of MG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.023, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001–0.683, <i>p</i> = 0.029). In contrast, higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 2.696; 95% CI = 1.524–4.770; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), waist circumference (OR = 2.995, 95% CI = 1.457–6.156, <i>p</i> = 0.003), hypothyroidism (OR = 1.337, 95% CI = 1.033–1.730, <i>p</i> = 0.027), and hyperthyroidism (OR = 2.240, 95% CI = 1.001–4.683, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were positively associated with MG risk. After adjusting for the false discovery rate (FDR), BMI and hyperthyroidism remained significantly linked to MG. No significant associations were found between MG and the other 15 dietary factors or 6 metabolic traits. These findings highlight the potential nutritional and metabolic pathways that may contribute to MG risk, suggesting that dietary interventions, particularly increasing fruit intake, and managing metabolic factors like BMI and thyroid health could play a role in the prevention and management of MG.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Causal Association Between Circulating Copper Levels and Erectile Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Analysis via Bidirectional Two Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Zilong Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Xu,&nbsp;Meilu Li,&nbsp;Zhenghao Li,&nbsp;Dandan Li,&nbsp;Changze Song,&nbsp;Xiaobin Wang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition severely impacting men's quality of life. While micronutrient balance is critical for sexual health, observational studies on micronutrient and ED remain inconclusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the causal role of circulating levels of copper and other micronutrients in ED risk by Mendelian randomization (MR). We conducted bidirectional two-sample MR using summary statistics from European-ancestry cohorts involving thirteen micronutrients. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR was complemented by sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO, and pooled analysis of two GWAS-based datasets was performed to substantiate the findings of MR. In this study, circulating copper levels significantly increased ED risk in the discovery (OR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.004–1.27, <i>p</i> = 0.042) and replication (OR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.001–1.242, <i>p</i> = 0.0476) stages, as well as pooled analyses (OR = 1.122, 95% CI: 1.036–1.214, <i>p</i> = 0.0046). Sensitivity analyses reinforced the robustness of these findings, with no significant heterogeneity or directional pleiotropy observed. Reverse MR found no causal effect of ED on micronutrients. In summary, this study provides robust genetic evidence that elevated circulating copper levels are a modifiable risk factor for ED. Personalized management of copper intake, guided by genetic predisposition, may mitigate ED risk and improve sexual health outcomes. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of copper homeostasis in ED prevention and underscore the need for targeted nutritional interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dietary Guideline Adherence and Risk of Sarcopenia in Elder Taiwanese","authors":"Yih-Jin Liou,&nbsp;Edward Giovannucci,&nbsp;Wu-Chien Chien,&nbsp;Li-Wei Wu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dietary strategies play an important role in determining longevity and healthy aging. There is an increasing awareness of dietary factors and sarcopenia, which presents as a decline in muscle mass and function, mainly in the senior population. The aim of this study is to explore the association of adherence to the Dietary Guideline (DG) on muscle health in the elder Taiwanese. We included 410 adults aged 65 or older, of whom 189 (46.1%) were women, in the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) during 2014–2016 with comprehensive records of food frequency questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls, as well as measurements of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for muscle mass and 8-m gait speed for physical performance. A novel indicator, named Healthy Eating Index for Taiwanese (HEI-TW), was developed as an amended version of HEI-2015 to assess how dietary patterns adhere to the DG of Taiwan. Participants who fulfilled “low muscle mass” and “poor physical performance” defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were recognized as having sarcopenia; others, in contrast, were recognized as healthy controls. Seventy-one (17.3%) participants categorized into the sarcopenia group had significantly lower mean scores of overall HEI-TW, total vegetables, unrefined grains, and dairy products. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for sarcopenia were 0.98 (0.95–1.00) for overall HEI-TW, 0.78 (0.66–0.94) for total vegetables, and 0.85 (0.76–0.95) for dairy, respectively, for one unit increase in these components. In subgroup analysis stratified by sex and age, the overall HEI-TW was inversely associated with the odds of sarcopenia among men and individuals aged 75 or older. This study showed that a higher HEI-TW score adhering to Taiwan DG and abundant consumption of total vegetables and dairy products is associated with lower prevalence of muscle loss and sarcopenia in elder Taiwanese.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Mechanisms of Lycii fructus in Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Comorbidity Through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamics","authors":"Peng Sun,&nbsp;Jiahui Song,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xiujing Li,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang,&nbsp;Yuxing Zhou,&nbsp;Wei Gong","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prevalent metabolic disorders that frequently coexist, yet their shared molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, and current therapies often yield suboptimal outcomes. <i>Lycium barbarum</i> L. (<i>Lycii fructus</i>, LF), a traditional medicinal herb, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating both conditions, but its mechanism of action in comorbidity management remains unclear. Active LF compounds were identified via the TCMSP database, with potential targets predicted using Swiss Target Prediction and PharmMapper. Disease-associated proteins for NAFLD and DM were curated from OMIM, GeneCards, DisGeNET, UniProt, DrugBank, and TTD. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed from these targets, and GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed using the DAVID platform. Key targets were further refined through network module analysis via Metascape. Drug-likeness of bioactive compounds was assessed using SwissADME and ADMETlab 2.0. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations validated interactions between core targets and LF compounds. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis tested causal relationships between core genes and disease phenotypes. We identified 58 shared therapeutic targets for NAFLD-DM comorbidity, including HSP90AA1, ESR1, MMP9, EGFR, AKT1, and CASP3. GO analysis implicated LF in blood pressure regulation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. KEGG pathways highlighted modulation of MAPK, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, and mTOR signaling. 24-methylenelanost-8-enol and cryptoxanthin monoepoxide emerged as core bioactive compounds with favorable drug-likeness. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding of 24-methylenelanost-8-enol to HSP90AA1 and cryptoxanthin monoepoxide to MMP9, further supported by dynamics simulations. MR analysis revealed a significant causal role for CASP3 in both NAFLD and DM, aligning with network pharmacology predictions. LF's therapeutic effects on NAFLD-DM comorbidity likely arise from terpenoid and cryptoxanthin mediated modulation of apoptosis and inflammation pathway. This study identifies shared molecular networks, proposes candidate mechanisms for LF's efficacy, and provides a framework for targeting multifactorial metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Soy-Derived Peptides With Micelle Disruption Activity of Secondary Bile Acids","authors":"Shota Shimizu,&nbsp;Keita Hirano,&nbsp;Tsutomu Saito,&nbsp;Hirokazu Akiyama,&nbsp;Kazunori Shimizu,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Honda","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bile acids, which originate in the liver as primary bile acids, facilitate the absorption of lipophilic components into the intestines and exist as micellar structures. Intestinal bacteria convert primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), which is associated with colorectal cancer. Therefore, their elimination from the body is preferred. Soy protein hydrolysates are known for their bile acid-binding properties, which prompted our investigation of DCA-specific binding and micelle-disrupting peptides. We designed a peptide library from eight soy protein sequences and selected 42 candidate peptides based on their DCA-binding activity. These peptides were synthesized, and their ability to disrupt bile acid micelles was assessed using a 96-well high-throughput assay system. Of the 42 peptides evaluated, 41 exhibited significant DCA micelle degradation, and 21 showed specific activity only for DCA micelles. Further research involved preparing soy protein pepsin hydrolysates and identifying 1,354 free peptides. Among these, 10 peptides containing sequences from the initial peptide library were identified. All peptides exhibited DCA micelle-disrupting activity. These peptides are believed to facilitate the excretion of secondary bile acids. Notably, FGSLRKNAM and SLRKNAM selectively disrupted DCA micelles without affecting the micelles of other bile acids. As these two peptides were also identified in the undigested high molecular weight fraction, they are considered key peptides with high potential for efficiently promoting the excretion of DCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Buckwheat-Containing Bread on Postprandial Glycemia, Appetite, Palatability, and Gastrointestinal Well-Being","authors":"Khoula Begum,&nbsp;Imran Khan,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Al-Rizeiqi,&nbsp;Stuart K. Johnson,&nbsp;Ali Madi Almajwal","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.4697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pseudocereals like buckwheat are a significant source of health-promoting bioactive components. Consumption of pseudocereals may positively modify biomarkers associated with chronic conditions. The main objective of the research was to determine how adding buckwheat-containing bread to wheat flour affected gastrointestinal health, appetite, palatability, and postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals. In a randomized cross-over trial, 20 healthy subjects were given either control bread (CB) or 50% buckwheat bread (BB) at breakfast after a 10- to 12-h fast. The recommended daily bread intake was determined based on 50 g of available carbohydrates. Blood glucose levels and appetites were assessed before fasting and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after bread intake. Standardized questionnaires were used to examine palatability and gastrointestinal well-being. Buckwheat bread significantly lowered postprandial blood glucose levels compared to control bread. While peak glucose level occurred at 45 min for both, BB showed a smaller glucose increase. Repeated measure ANOVA confirmed a significant reduction at 30, 45, and 60 min. Overall, BB resulted in a lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC), indicating improved postprandial glycemic control. Additionally, BB demonstrated a trend toward enhancing satiety during the early postprandial phase (15–60 min) as reflected in Figure 2, potentially indicating a role in promoting satiety. The participants enjoyed all the bread-containing buckwheat, and no gastrointestinal issues were noted. The study concluded that BB decreased appetite and enhanced postprandial glycemia compared to CB. Further research is suggested to investigate the process behind these reported impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.4697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and Associated Factors of Breakfast Consumption Among Chinese Residents: A National Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ming Liu,&nbsp;Shujie Dong,&nbsp;Yifan Li,&nbsp;Shaolin Liang,&nbsp;Chun Kai Leung,&nbsp;Casper J. P. Zhang,&nbsp;Sicun Li,&nbsp;Yibo Wu,&nbsp;Wai-kit Ming","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While the importance of breakfast for human health is widely acknowledged, there is limited understanding of the factors influencing breakfast habits among Chinese residents. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey between June 20 and August 31, 2022, analyzing weekly breakfast frequency, food categories, and associated factors to daily breakfast consumption using multivariable logistic regression, with subgroup analyses by gender and residence (urban or rural). Among 21,875 participants, 41.0% reported non-daily breakfast consumption. Common breakfast items included staples like rice, wheat, and corn (70.5%), eggs (56.2%), dairy products (42.0%), and soy drinks (36.8%), while less frequently consumed items included meat products (26.3%), potatoes (23.4%), fresh vegetables and fruits (20.2%), and pickled vegetables (18.2%). Behavioral factors such as sleeping 6–7 h and abstaining from smoking and sugar-sweetened beverages, along with health factors like better quality of life, family health, and higher self-efficacy, were positively associated with daily breakfast consumption. Depression was negatively associated. Sociodemographic factors including female gender, living in southern China, and having children were positively associated, whereas rural residency, higher education levels, being a student or unemployed, and living alone were negatively associated. Subgroup analyses revealed pronounced variations in breakfast habits by residence (urban vs. rural) but fewer differences by gender. Non-daily breakfast consumption is prevalent among Chinese residents, with multiple sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors influencing this behavior. Region- and gender-specific strategies are essential to promote healthy breakfast habits, address disparities, and encourage healthier breakfast practices across diverse subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}