Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"From Mother to Baby: The Role of Human Milk Vitamins in Infant Body Development and Breast Milk Jaundice—An Observational Study","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Xuerong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenrong Xie,&nbsp;Jingjing Xiong,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Zhanhua Li,&nbsp;Yongkun Huang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70922","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vitamins in infants who are exclusively breastfed before 6 months of age mainly come from breastfeeding. Whether or not dynamic vitamin concentrations in human milk were affected by maternal factors and their roles in infant growth and diseases has yet to be determined. Using data from a tertiary hospital for 46 couples of fit mothers and infants aged 1 to 3 months in China, we collected mothers' human milk as samples for UPLC-MS/MS sequencing evaluation of vitamins. Multiple regression and binomial logistic regression were used in analyses that controlled for confounding. The content of vitamin B1 was significantly higher at 105 to 119 days postpartum than it was at 30 to 44 days after delivery (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, vitamin C was related to infant weight-for-age (<i>β</i> = 0.05, SE = 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Vitamins C (<i>β</i> = 0.00015, SE = 0.00006, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and B7 (<i>β</i> = 0.00048, SE = 0.00023, <i>p</i> = 0.04) were related to infant BMI. After adjustment for sample collection times, vitamins A and B1, the odds ratio for vitamin K in the BMJ group was 13.93 (95% CI, 0.93 to 208.48, <i>p</i> = 0.05). Overall, the vitamin B1 contents from human milk change in different stages of lactation. A longer duration of fully breastfeeding with vitamins B7 and C provides better developmental nutrients to infants aged 1 to 3 months. According to our study, vitamin K concentration seems to be increased in the human milk of mothers whose infants had BMJ.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> This trial was registered on 22/12/2023 as ChiCTR2300078973</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymol and Carvacrol: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Synergy With Conventional Therapies in Cancer Management","authors":"Ahmad Mujtaba Noman,&nbsp;Muhammad Tauseef Sultan,&nbsp;Shehnshah Zafar,&nbsp;Muhammad Maaz,&nbsp;Aimen Mazhar,&nbsp;Muzzamal Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Ahmed Mujtaba,&nbsp;Muhammad Tajammal Hussain,&nbsp;Suliman A. Alsagaby,&nbsp;Waleed Al Abdulmonem,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Khan,&nbsp;Entessar Al Jbawi","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70936","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70936","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monoterpenes like thymol and carvacrol are recognized for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, predominantly found in the <i>Lamiaceae</i> family, particularly in <i>Thymus</i> species, but also present in <i>Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae,</i> and <i>Apiaceae</i> families. This review explores their anticancer potential, molecular mechanisms, and synergism with other cancer therapies. The data was collected by using several keywords and MeSH terms, and data from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science indicate that thymol and carvacrol modulate key signaling pathways, including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, HH/GLI, and NF-κB. They upregulate pro-apoptotic genes (<i>Bax</i>, <i>Bak</i>, <i>Bid</i>, <i>p53</i>, and <i>SIVA</i>) while downregulating anti-apoptotic genes (<i>Bcl-2</i>, <i>Bcl-xL</i>, <i>XIAP</i>, and <i>cIAP1</i>), leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Thymol derivatives, such as 1,2,3-triazoles and carvacrol, effectively target breast cancer (BC) through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NOTCH pathways and inhibit <i>PIK3CA</i> expression. In lung cancer (LC), they act as SphK1 inhibitors in NSCLC H1299 and A549 cell lines. Additionally, thymol exhibits anti-EGFR activity, while carvacrol modulates the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, making them potential candidates for colorectal cancer (CRC) management. In vitro studies confirm their efficacy against multiple cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29, HeLa, PC-3, HepG2, HL-60), while in vivo animal models highlight their antiproliferative and antitumor effects. Their synergistic potential with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other bioactive compounds strengthens their therapeutic promise. However, challenges such as stability, bioavailability, and the need for clinical trials hinder their clinical application. This review is the first to comprehensively report thymol and carvacrol in a single study, offering new insights into their anticancer potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Lightweight Object Detection Algorithm for Defect Identification in Paeoniae Radix Alba With Rapid Area and Diameter Estimation Using OpenCV","authors":"Miao Huan,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Qin Xu,&nbsp;Lu Gao,&nbsp;Zhouxiang Lu,&nbsp;Xingyun Shi,&nbsp;Miaohua Qian,&nbsp;Liangquan Jia,&nbsp;Chong Yao","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70947","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb, <i>Paeoniae Radix Alba</i> (white peony root, WP) not only has significant medicinal value in the field of Chinese medicine but is also widely used in food products and health supplements due to its food and medicine dual-use properties. The quality of <i>Paeoniae Radix Alba</i> is crucial for its efficacy, safety, and effectiveness in food applications, making efficient inspection methods essential. The algorithm uses a self-developed detection head (LSD-Head) combined with a Feature Fusion Attention (FCA) mechanism for effective defect detection. Additionally, OpenCV technology is used to accurately measure the physical dimensions of the slices. Compared to the YOLOv8 model (76.4% precision, 63.7% recall, 70.1% [email protected], 8.2 GFLOPs), the proposed model reduces parameter size by 13%, reaching only 65.8% of YOLOv8's size, while improving accuracy by 2.6%. For physical dimensions, the average error between the detected and actual sizes is controlled within 5%. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in defect detection and accurately measures the area and maximum and minimum diameters of <i>Paeoniae Radix Alba</i> decoction pieces.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Bioactivity Profiling of Unconventional Food Plant, Boehmeria caudata Leaves: FT-IR, GC–MS, Experimental, and In Silico Investigation","authors":"Md. Liakot Ali,&nbsp;Md. Ajib Jaber,&nbsp;Zihanul Hasan,&nbsp;Nawreen Monir Proma,&nbsp;Neamul Hoque,&nbsp;Md. Tashrif Rahman Tipu,&nbsp;Kutub Uddin Ahamed,&nbsp;Bakul Akter,&nbsp;Bibi Humayra Khanam,&nbsp;Mohammed Kamrul Hossain","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Boehmeria caudata</i> (Urticaceae) is an unconventional food plant found extensively across the neotropical region, including Central and South America, where its leaves are consumed as vegetables and traditionally used to treat sore throats. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of the methanolic extract of <i>B. caudata</i> leaves (MEBCL) and explore its pharmacological effects through in vitro<i>,</i> in vivo<i>,</i> and <i>in silico</i> methods. GC–MS investigation identified 14 phytochemicals, including two forms of Vitamin E. MEBCL exhibited a strong in vitro antioxidant effect, with IC₅₀ values of 63.61 μg/mL for the DPPH assay as well as 130.66 μg/mL for the FRAP assay. In vivo, MEBCL showed notable analgesic effects, as observed in both the acetic acid-induced writhing model and the formalin-induced paw-licking model. MEBCL also showed significant anxiolytic actions in the elevated plus maze and hole board tests. Additionally, MEBCL significantly reduced immobility time in both the forced swimming as well as tail suspension tests, indicating its antidepressant properties. Molecular docking studies revealed that the phytochemicals in MEBCL exhibited significant binding affinity to key drug target proteins associated with oxidative stress, pain, anxiety, and depression. These compounds also have a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, suggesting their potential as future drug candidates. Therefore, MEBCL can be a valuable reservoir of Vitamin E with notable antioxidant, analgesic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. However, more in-depth studies are essential to determine whether <i>B. caudata</i> leaves can be effectively used as a functional food and therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Phenolic Cocoa Enhances Drug-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference Independently of Increasing Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis","authors":"Sonia Melgar-Locatelli,&nbsp;María del Carmen Mañas-Padilla,&nbsp;Patricia Rivera,&nbsp;Celia Rodríguez-Pérez,&nbsp;Estela Castilla-Ortega","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70842","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cocaine is a powerful psychostimulant that disrupts brain function, affecting both physical and mental health. Natural cocoa, rich in polyphenols, influences neuroplasticity and cognitive processes. This study examined the effects of a high-phenolic cocoa-enriched diet on mice previously exposed to cocaine in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, assessing CPP maintenance, cognitive and emotional behavior, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) after protracted abstinence. Forty-two male and female C57BL/6JRj mice were divided into saline (VEH) and cocaine (COC) groups. The CPP paradigm included pre-conditioning, 2 weeks of conditioning with alternating cocaine (20 mg/kg) and saline pairings, and a post-conditioning test. COC mice then received either a 10% cocoa-enriched diet or regular diet. After 24 days, mice underwent a second CPP test session and a cocaine-induced reinstatement session (10 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments and immunohistochemistry for AHN-related markers followed. While cocaine did not produce long-term emotional and cognitive changes, it reduced the survival of adult-born cells differentiating into mature neurons. Cocoa consumption did not influence the long-term CPP maintenance but significantly increased cocaine-induced reinstatement and heightened subsequent anxiety-like behavior in the COC mice. Additionally, cocoa-fed mice showed enhanced AHN; however, mediation analysis confirmed that neurogenesis did not influence drug-seeking. No sex differences were observed. These findings suggest that a cocoa-rich diet may modulate addiction-related behavior through pathways independent of AHN. Although cognitive, emotional, and neuroprotective benefits are associated with cocoa consumption, its role in cocaine addiction requires further investigation, as there is a potential risk of cocoa interacting with drug reward or drug-seeking.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the Effect of Ultrasonication, Probiotic Lacto-Fermentation, and Blanching on Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidants Activities, and Antinutrients of Tomato","authors":"Abdul Rehman Ayub,&nbsp;Muhammad Waseem,&nbsp;Zulfiqar Ahmad,&nbsp;Jaza Maqbl Alshammari,&nbsp;Tariq Ismail,&nbsp;Muhammad Ammar Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan Javed,&nbsp;Muhammad Saleem,&nbsp;Rana Muhammad Aadil,&nbsp;Muhammad Faisal Manzoor,&nbsp;Muhammed Adem Abdullahi","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Present study was conducted to assess the lactic acid fermentation (LAB, 24 h), ultrasonication (10, 20, and 30 min), and blanching (90°C, 1 min) on the nutrients, antinutrients, and antioxidants. LAB fermentation reported the presence of <i>L. plantarum</i> and total plate counts of 4.10 and 1.02 log₁₀ CFU/g, respectively. However, biological, thermal, and non-thermal processed tomato powder exhibited the highest ash, fibers, proteins, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe, that is, 11.82 g/100 g, 8.22 g/100 g, 22.35 g/100 g, 792 mg/100 g, 2246 mg/100 g, 159 mg/100 g, 271 mg/100 g, and 5.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Among various treatments, LAB fermentation anticipated the highest decline in phytates, oxalates, glycoalkaloids, and saponins by 95%, 94%, 87%, and 89%, respectively. Similarly, LAB fermentation resulted in the maximum contents of lycopene, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid, that is, 177 mg/100 g, 14.7 mg/100 g, and 113 mg/100 g, respectively. Likewise, the maximum total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were measured in the fermented tomato powder, that is, 765 mg GAE/100 g, 647 mg QE/100 g, and 87%, respectively. The findings suggest that LAB fermentation is the most effective treatment for reducing the antinutrients by contributing to the safety profile of tomatoes and increasing health-promoting nutrients and antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Dairy Products in Birjand, Iran: A Contribution to Human Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Ayub Ebadi Fathabad,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Zarghi,&nbsp;Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki,&nbsp;Nabi Shariatifar,&nbsp;Negin Johari,&nbsp;Saeid Yousefi,&nbsp;Ramin Aslani","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70966","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the current research was to examine the AFM1 contents in 150 milk and dairy product samples (including raw milk, UHT milk, yogurt, ice cream, and pasteurized milk) marketed in Birjand, Iran. The samples were analyzed utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The total mean of AFM1 in the raw milk, UHT milk, pasteurized milk, yogurt, and ice cream was 50.22 ± 12.39 ng/L, 12.17 ± 5.52 ng/L, 35.49 ± 11.07 ng/L, 13.03 ± 4.06 ng/kg, and 116.79 ± 40.35 ng/kg, respectively. The AFM1 contents of all samples were within the US FDA standard limits (500 ng/kg). The amounts of AFM1 in 16 samples of ice cream exceeded the limits set by the Iran National Standard Organization (INSO, 100 ng/kg). The contents of AFM1 in 41 samples exceeded the EU regulation (50 ng/kg). Furthermore, the health risks resulting from AFM1 occurrence in samples were evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The 95th percentile value of the hazard index (HI) and the margin of exposure (MoE) in total samples for children was 9.028 and 2206, respectively, while those for adults were 1.934 and 10,295. The 95th percentile value of quantitative liver cancer risk (CR) in total samples for children and adults was 0.261 and 0.056 cancers/year/per 10⁵ individuals. The risk assessment results indicated the potential health risk posed by AFM1 in milk and dairy products. The implementation of appropriate management policies is recommended to prevent and control AFM1 contamination of food and feed chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting SIRT1 via Exosomes Derived From Oleuropein-Treated Cells: A Novel Approach to Rejuvenation Skin Through miRNA Modulation","authors":"Naeimeh Safavizadeh,&nbsp;Zahra Noormohammadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Zaefizadeh,&nbsp;Kazem Nejati Koshki","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Sirtuin1</i> (<i>SIRT1</i>) plays an important role in skin aging by regulating cellular processes such as oxidative stress response, inflammation modulation, <i>Collagen</i> and <i>Elastin</i> synthesis. This study aims to examine oleuropein's (OLE) effect on <i>SIRT1</i> gene expression and to analyze <i>SIRT1</i>-related miRNAs in exosomes produced from Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSC) and Human Fetal Foreskin Fibroblast 2 (HFFF2) cells, along with these treated exosomes' impact on <i>SIRT1</i> gene expression and the studied miRNAs in HFFF2 cells to decrease skin aging. A nontoxic concentration (400 μg/mL) of OLE was applied to the MSCs and HFFF2 cells. Then, Gradient Ultracentrifugation extracted their exosomes; cell-derived exosomes were confirmed by DLS assay and western Blot. Exosomes were applied at 50 μg/mL (exosome protein concentration) to HFFF2 cells. The expression of <i>SIRT1</i> gene and related miRNAs relative to the control group were examined using qRT-PCR. This analysis was conducted on cells OLE-treated for <i>SIRT1</i>, on exosomes treatment with OLE for miRNAs, and on HFFF2 cells treated with cell-derived exosomes for both <i>SIRT1</i> and miRNAs. <i>SIRT1</i> expression was upregulated (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) in both OLE and cell-derived exosomes. Also, <i>hsa-miR-29c-3p</i> and <i>hsa-miR-9-5p</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), whereas <i>hsa-miR-155-5p</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) in exosomes OLE-treated and in HFFF2 cells treated with these exosomes. This study introduces a novel approach to skin rejuvenation by using manipulated exosomes OLE-treated, which enhance <i>SIRT1</i> expression and suppress related miRNAs. This method potentially offers a more effective and less immunogenic alternative to direct OLE application due to the exosomes' ability to penetrate cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Seed Oil Profile and Morphological Characteristics in Sunflower Cultivars Under Salinity Stress and Nanoparticle Treatments","authors":"Shiva Shariatzadeh,&nbsp;Seyed Mehdi Talebi,&nbsp;Kimia Anjomani,&nbsp;Mansour Ghorbanpour","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70968","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This study investigated the effects of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles and two salinity levels on the morphological characteristics and seed fatty acid profiles of two sunflower hybrids (G1601 and Shams). The research aimed to understand the impacts of these treatments/stresses potentially leading to strategies for improving crop resilience in water-scarce environments, especially considering their potential roles as fertilizers and stress mitigators. This experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement (nanoparticle type, salinity levels, hybrid type, and age) of five treatments (50 and 150 mM salinity, 20 ppm ZnO and Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles, and control samples) with 20 replications. Morphological measurements for the root, leaf, stem, and seed dimensions were taken using a digital caliper. For both hybrids, seed priming with Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles resulted in the highest root dimensions, while 150 mM salinity stress led to the lowest values for these parameters. For both hybrids, the highest and smallest yielded seeds belonged to the control and 150 mM salinity-stressed plants, respectively. In the G1601 hybrid, salinity stress (50 mM) produced the largest leaves, whereas Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in second, third, and sixth week and ZnO nanoparticles in fourth and fifth week resulted in the smallest. In the Shams hybrid, the smallest leaves were recorded for the Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles treated in first to fourth week and the control plants in fifth to seventh week, while the biggest leaves belonged to the control in first to second week and ZnO nanoparticles treated samples in third, fifth, and seventh week. The Shams hybrid seed oil analysis showed linoleic acid as the dominant fatty acid (63.29%–72.98%), followed by oleic acid (15.33%–22.78%). Conversely, the G1601 hybrid seed oil was characterized by oleic acid as the primary fatty acid (46.54%–80.34%), with linoleic acid presented at a lower percentage (8.67%–40.29%). In the Shams hybrid, oleic acid amount significantly increased in all the treated/stressed samples, except for those that were subjected to 50 mM salinity stress. Conversely, linoleic acid amounts decreased in these salinity-stressed samples. Meanwhile, in the G1601 hybrid, linoleic acid content increased significantly, while oleic acid content decreased in the treated/stressed samples. Additionally, the total percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid amounts changed under these treatments/stresses. The responses of sunflower plants to nanoparticles and salinity stresses were not uniform; they varied based on several factors, including the plant's genetic structure (hybrid type), age, and the specific type of nanoparticle or salinity treatment/stress applied. Developing more tolerant sunflower hybrids requires understanding how different treatments affect fatty acid biosynthesis involved genes and how hybrids res","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Behavioral Intervention on Maternal Breastfeeding Practice and Infant Growth in Congenital Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Huimei Wang,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Sun,&nbsp;Xueping Zhang,&nbsp;Yuehong Ren,&nbsp;Yalan Dou,&nbsp;Chuyi Zhan,&nbsp;Ming Ye,&nbsp;Ying Gu","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70907","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breastfeeding offers critical health benefits for infants, including those with mild congenital heart disease (CHD). However, breastfeeding in this population faces multifaceted challenges. At the individual level, maternal anxiety associated with the CHD diagnosis may undermine breastfeeding confidence; at the systemic level, institutional support for establishing and sustaining breastfeeding remains inadequate. Behavioral interventions may influence feeding practices for these infants. To evaluate the effect of a Behavioral Breastfeeding Intervention Program (BBIP) for infants with mild CHD on maternal breastfeeding behavior, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates, and infant growth. Sixty-eight mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to the BBIP group (<i>n</i> = 34) or a control group receiving routine care (<i>n</i> = 34). The BBIP was grounded in the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) behavior change theory and included personalized counseling, home visits, and ongoing support via social media. The primary outcome was breastfeeding behavioral scores. Secondary outcomes included EBF rates, the proportion of breast milk in the daily diet, and infant growth metrics assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Mothers in the BBIP group reported significantly higher breastfeeding behavioral scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). EBF rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 47.1%, 45.5%, and 43.8%. Proportion of breast milk in the daily diet was approximately 78.35%, 69.67%, and 56.40%. Growth data over 6 months showed non-inferiority in outcomes for infants with CHD. The behavioral intervention significantly enhanced breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants with mild CHD through multidimensional strategies. Non-inferior growth trajectories were observed in breastfed infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}