Food Science & Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Artemisitene Ameliorates Diabetic Wounds by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through Activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway","authors":"Xu Honghao,&nbsp;Bu Yitian,&nbsp;Zhao Yuan,&nbsp;Long Zhengyang,&nbsp;Zhou Feiya,&nbsp;Cai Leyi,&nbsp;Gao Weiyang,&nbsp;Wang Anyuan,&nbsp;Wu Hongqiang","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70952","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetic wounds are hard to heal due to ferroptosis, a specific type of cell death triggered by high blood sugar in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the lining of blood vessels. Ferroptosis occurs as a result of excessive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The resulting impairment in endothelial function and tissue scaffolding creates a persistent barrier against effective wound healing. Our study found that artemisitene (ATT), a bioactive compound derived from the herb <i>Artemisia annua</i>, speeded up diabetic wound healing by blocking ferroptosis through the Nrf2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2, also known as NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/GPX4 (Glutathione peroxidase 4) pathway. In studies with HG (high glucose)-damaged HUVECs, treatment with ATT (20 μM) effectively counteracted harmful iron buildup and lipid peroxidation, while also restoring mitochondrial health and reducing the levels of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Computational modeling confirmed that ATT binds tightly to both Nrf2 and GPX4 molecules. Notably, when Nrf2 was blocked, ATT completely lost its protective effect, indicating that Nrf2 is essential for its action. In diabetic rats, applying ATT directly to wounds (20 mg/kg/day) significantly accelerated the rate of wound closure. This treatment worked by triggering two key regenerative processes: stronger new blood vessel growth and better-organized collagen structure. In practical terms, ATT prevents diabetic wound complications through three connected mechanisms: it uses GPX4 to counteract lipid peroxides, leverages Nrf2 to restore healthy antioxidant balance, and regenerates endothelial cells to drive new blood vessel formation. As the first drug of its kind to target ferroptosis this way, ATT offers a promising multitarget approach for diabetic wounds, tackling the combined problems of oxidative damage, mitochondrial failure, and poor tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism and Prediction of Gray Jujube Fruit Quality Using Explainable ANN","authors":"Mingyang Yu,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Junkai Zeng,&nbsp;Weifan Fan,&nbsp;Lanfei Wang,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li,&nbsp;Jianping Bao","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gray jujube (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill) is an important economic fruit crop in Xinjiang, China, whose fruit quality is regulated by complex interactions among tree architecture, physiological functions, and environmental factors. Based on 2 years of field experiments, we developed an interpretable artificial neural network model integrating 13 structural and physiological indicators to predict four quality parameters: vitamin C (VC), soluble sugar, titratable acid, and sugar-acid ratio. The model architecture was optimized through Bayesian optimization, resulting in a 13–4–1/13–5–1 network structure with high prediction accuracy (<i>R</i>² = 0.89–0.98). Biological interpretation of the connection weights revealed that the elongation of bearing shoots (1.2–3.1 cm/month) and SPAD values (33–41.5) were key drivers of VC accumulation, reflecting their roles in photosynthate transport and light-harvesting efficiency. Canopy structural characteristics, particularly leaf inclination angles of 26°–34° combined with a direct beam transmittance of 0.32–0.43, were found to synergistically enhance sugar accumulation by optimizing light distribution while maintaining sufficient gas exchange. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rates exceeding 12 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ significantly reduced organic acid content, indicating a shift in carbon partitioning toward sugar synthesis. These findings demonstrate that the model successfully bridges computational analysis with biological processes, providing both a predictive tool and mechanistic insights for gray jujube quality management. The integration of architectural, physiological, and environmental parameters in this framework offers a comprehensive approach for precision cultivation of this important crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12438962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Potential of Djiboutian Abundant Seaweeds, With Their Food Applications in Doughnut and Tartare","authors":"Moustapha Nour,&nbsp;Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau,&nbsp;Abdourahman Daher,&nbsp;Solène Connan,&nbsp;Ahmed Ali,&nbsp;Louna Marchand,&nbsp;Matthieu Waeles,&nbsp;Sylvain Petek","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70956","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the nutritional composition and potential food applications of marine macroalgae from the Tadjourah Gulf (Djibouti), including brown (<i>Padina pavonica, Sargassum ilicifolium, S</i>. <i>latifolium</i><i>, Turbinaria decurrens</i>), green (<i>Ulva clathrata</i>), and red (<i>Hypnea musciformis</i>) species. Analyses focused on their proximate composition, bioactive phenolics, mineral and trace elements, heavy metal content, and recommended daily Allowance (RDA). <i>Hypnea</i> and <i>Ulva</i> were rich in carbohydrates, while <i>Turbinaria</i> exhibited high amino acid levels. <i>Padina</i> stood out for its high chlorophyll <i>a, c</i>, carotenoids, phenolic content, and associated antioxidant activities. It also provided significant amounts of essential minerals, with RDA &gt; 15% for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc, positioning it as a valuable source for nutritional supplementation. All species complied with regulatory standards for heavy metal content, ensuring their safety for food consumption. Sensory evaluations highlighted their culinary potential in traditional dishes like doughnuts (seaweed flour) and tartare (seaweed flakes), with <i>Hypnea, Ulva</i>, <i>Padina</i>, and <i>S</i>. <i>ilicifolium</i> showing promising results. These findings positioned Djiboutian seaweeds as novel ingredients in traditional and modern food recipes and contributed to developing new supplements, recipes, and functional foods to diversify food in Djibouti. Moreover, it could strengthen food security in Djibouti, where addressing nutritional challenges is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ganoderma lucidum to Produce Functional Chocolate: Physicochemical, Textural and Sensory Properties","authors":"Yasamin Zahra Bazyar,&nbsp;Mohammad Rabbani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Azizi","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70676","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70676","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functional chocolate was developed by incorporating various concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (GL). Proximate chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antioxidant and antitumor activity of chocolate samples, were measured at day 1 and 4th month of storage. To evaluate the oxidative stability during storage, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and acid value were measured. Color indexes and texture hardness were measured as quality criteria. Nutritional analysis revealed that fiber, moisture, fat, and protein contents ranged from 0.45% to 5.32%, 0.32% to 0.34%, 34.09% to 36.13%, and 0.43% to 13.4%, respectively. At 20% GL concentration, TPC and TFC reached 68.23 and 201.1 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of GL-enriched chocolate was measured at 63.69 μg/mL, showing improved oxidative resistance. Additionally, MTT assay results indicated that increasing GL concentration enhanced antitumor activity. Color analysis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in lightness (<i>L</i>*) and yellowness (<i>b</i>*), with an increase in redness (<i>a</i>*). Sensory evaluation demonstrated a decline in texture, sweetness, and color preferences at higher GL levels, although 5% GL retained good acceptability. These findings suggest that 5% GL is a promising additive for the development of functional chocolate, combining health-promoting properties with acceptable sensory qualities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation and Childhood Metabolic Health: Analyzing Direct and Indirect Effects","authors":"Mehak Batra,&nbsp;Yibeltal Bekele,&nbsp;Eva Karaglani,&nbsp;Yannis Manios,&nbsp;George Moschonis,&nbsp;Bircan Erbas","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70959","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70959","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the direct and indirect effects of maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation on childhood metabolic outcomes, including blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI), with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and skinfold thickness as mediators. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2577 children (9–13 years) from the Healthy Growth Study (2007–2009, Greece). Maternal FA intake was reported via parental questionnaires. BMI, WC, and skinfold thickness were measured using standardized protocols. BP, fasting glucose, and insulin were assessed to compute HOMA-IR and QUICKI. Structural equation modeling evaluated direct and indirect effects, adjusting for maternal, pregnancy, and child-related confounders. FA supplementation had no direct effect. However, indirect effects via WC were associated with lower SBP (<i>β</i> = −0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.036) and DBP (<i>β</i> = −0.36, <i>p</i> = 0.041), improved insulin sensitivity (QUICKI: <i>β</i> = 0.0018, <i>p</i> = 0.044), and reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: <i>β</i> = −0.1099, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Skinfold thickness also mediated BP reductions. BMI was not a significant mediator (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Maternal FA intake may indirectly influence childhood metabolic health via adiposity markers, emphasizing the need for targeted maternal nutrition interventions to improve childhood metabolic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Tart Cherry on Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fateme Barforoush,&nbsp;Sara Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Maryam Karimian Abdar,&nbsp;Shabnam Khademi,&nbsp;Nava Morshedzadeh","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70923","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This systematic review examined the association between tart cherry consumption and sleep disorders. Tart cherries contain active compounds such as melatonin and anthocyanins that may be effective in improving sleep quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tart cherry consumption on sleep quality and duration, sleep efficiency, melatonin levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EMBASE databases in January 2025 without time restrictions. English-language interventional studies that examined the effect of tart cherry consumption on sleep, inflammation, and neurotransmitter synthesis were included, and studies related to other chronic diseases were excluded. In total, seven interventional studies were included in the review. Three studies reported significant improvements in sleep indicators such as sleep duration, sleep efficiency, or sleep onset time. Three studies also reported an increase in melatonin levels after tart cherry consumption. Two studies also reported a decrease in inflammatory markers such as CRP and MDA. However, there were large differences in dose, duration of intervention, and characteristics of the participating populations. Although tart cherry consumption may be effective in improving sleep quality, reducing inflammation, and increasing antioxidant capacity, the available evidence is still limited and heterogeneous. To demonstrate clinical efficacy and clarify the mechanisms of action, high-quality, carefully designed clinical trial studies in diverse populations are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12438961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coaxial Electrospraying for Black Seed Oil Nanoencapsulation: Improved Thymoquinone Stability and Bioactivity","authors":"Elif Atay,&nbsp;Aylin Altan,&nbsp;Derya Yetkin,&nbsp;Furkan Ayaz","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thymoquinone is the primary bioactive compound in black seed oil (BSO), but it has limited stability under harsh conditions. Nanoencapsulation using zein via coaxial electrospraying is an effective approach to improve its stability and bioactivity during gastrointestinal transit. Therefore, this study aimed to develop BSO-loaded nanoparticles using coaxial electrospraying, evaluate their stability at different temperatures (4°C, 25°C and 60°C), and investigate their in vitro bioaccessibility, intestinal permeability using Caco-2 cell models, and immunomodulatory potential. Nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency (74.38% ± 2.6%) and loading capacity (12.99% ± 3.6%) retained thymoquinone content at 91.3%, 74.7%, and 52.0% after 55 days of storage at 4°C, 25°C, and 60°C, respectively. The bioaccessibility of thymoquinone in nanoparticles increased from 21.7% to 33.1% when orange juice was fortified with nanoparticles. The apparent permeability of thymoquinone in nonencapsulated oil, nanoparticles, and orange juice fortified with nonencapsulated oil and nanoparticles was 2.10 × 10⁻⁷, 5.76 × 10⁻⁷, 4.39 × 10⁻⁷, and 7.38 × 10⁻⁷ cm/s, respectively. When the intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed for its intracellular mechanism of action, thymoquinone nanoparticles affected the activation levels of the p38 MAPK and PI3K proteins and stimulated macrophages to generate substantial levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL6, GMCSF, and IL12p40. BSO-loaded nanoparticles can be incorporated into functional food formulations to deliver health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Fish From Lake Kivu and Its Potential Risk to Consumers in Rwanda","authors":"Valens Habimana,&nbsp;Svetlana Gaidashova,&nbsp;Egide Kalisa,&nbsp;Antoine Nsabimana,&nbsp;Christopher A. Scholz,&nbsp;Charles T. Driscoll","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lake Kivu, located between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is subject to trace element contamination primarily due to the geological composition of its bedrock, watershed soils, and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of trace elements in 13 fish species from Lake Kivu, with samples obtained from fishermen in Rubavu, Karongi, and Rusizi. The fish samples were digested and analyzed for selected trace element concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The concentrations of trace elements in the fish ranged from 0.07 to 2.53 mg/kg for mercury (Hg), 0.69 to 1.16 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd), 0.28 to 0.76 mg/kg for copper (Cu), 2.58 to 3.83 mg/kg for chromium (Cr), and 0.22 to 0.68 mg/kg for manganese (Mn). The highest bio-concentration factor (BCF) was observed for mercury. <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> exhibited significantly higher BCFs for mercury compared to other species, with a value of 16,867 L/kg. <i>Haplochromis scheffersi</i> also displayed a high BCF for mercury at 3533 L/kg, followed by <i>Labeo victorianus</i> with a BCF of 2867 L/kg. Mercury (Hg) posed a potential risk for adults in 77% of the fish species analyzed, as indicated by target hazard quotient (THQ) values exceeding 1. Additionally, Cd, Cr, and Hg posed potential risks for children in over 75% of the fish species analyzed. Continuous monitoring of trace element sources and concentrations in the water column and fish of Lake Kivu is urgently needed to assess contamination sources and exposure levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AL6-1 Strain Isolated From Air-Dried Meat Mitigates N-Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice","authors":"Erke Sun,&nbsp;Xueying Sun,&nbsp;Jin Guo,&nbsp;Lina Sun,&nbsp;Ye Jin,&nbsp;Lihua Zhao,&nbsp;Lin Su","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excessive intake of N-dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) can lead to liver damage and carries a potential carcinogenic risk. This study screened a strain of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (<i>L. plantarum</i>) AL6-1 from traditional fermented products in Inner Mongolia. The strain not only has the ability to degrade NDMA efficiently (the degradation rate is 73.62%), but also has better tolerance than other strains, and it has strong adhesion. These functional characteristics were further verified by genome-wide sequencing. Functional genes related to antioxidant activity, DNA repair, and metabolic regulation were also identified in the genome data, which provided a molecular basis for the protection of the strain against liver injury. Animal experiment results showed that intervention with <i>L. plantarum</i> AL6-1 slowed weight gain in mice, reduced liver index, significantly improved liver tissue structure and reduced the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, and significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, malondialdehyde and NDMA levels in mouse plasma were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione levels were significantly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, this strain ameliorated liver damage by regulating the expression of hepatic metabolic enzymes Cytochrome P450 2E1, Cytochrome P450 2C37, and Cytochrome P450 1A2. Therefore, the findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of <i>L. plantarum</i> AL6-1 in alleviating NDMA-related liver damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fsn3.70861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Deep Learning for Instant Pest and Disease Detection in Precision Agriculture","authors":"Muhammad Bilal,&nbsp;Asghar Ali Shah,&nbsp;Sagheer Abbas,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan Khan","doi":"10.1002/fsn3.70963","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fsn3.70963","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global farm productivity is constantly under attack from pests and diseases, resulting in massive crop loss and food insecurity. Manual scouting, expert estimation, and laboratory-based microscopy are time-consuming, prone to human error, and labor-intensive. Although traditional machine learning classifiers such as SVM, Random Forest, and Decision Trees provide better accuracy, they are not field deployable. This article presents a high-performance deep learning fusion model using MobileNetV2 and EfficientNetB0 for real-time detection of pests and diseases in precision farming. The model, trained on the CCMT dataset (24,881 original and 102,976 augmented images in 22 classes of cashew, cassava, maize, and tomato crops), attained a global accuracy of 89.5%, precision and recall of 95.68%, F1-score of 95.67%, and ROC-AUC of 0.95. For supporting deployment in edge environments, methods such as quantization, pruning, and knowledge distillation were employed to decrease inference time to below 10 ms per image. The suggested model is superior to baseline CNN models, including ResNet-50 (81.25%), VGG-16 (83.10%), and other edge lightweight models (83.00%). The optimized model is run on low-power devices such as smartphones, Raspberry Pi, and farm drones without the need for cloud computing, allowing real-time detection in far-off fields. Field trials using drones validated rapid image capture and inference performance. This study delivers a scalable, cost-effective, and accurate early pest and disease detection framework for sustainable agriculture and supporting food security at the global level. The model has been successfully implemented with TensorFlow Lite within Android applications and Raspberry Pi systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12418,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Nutrition","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}