Turkish Adaptation of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire Milk Feeding and Solid Feeding Versions

Abstract

This study aimed to conduct a Turkish language adaptation of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire Milk Feeding (FPSQ-M) and (Semi-)Solid Feeding versions (FPSQ-S), which were developed to assess dietary content and parental feeding practices in early childhood, for use in our country. Subjects were recruited from an internet sample through social media. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and test–retest reliability by Pearson's correlation test and paired t-test. Principal component factor analysis was used for factorial validity. A total of 411 parents with children aged 0–24 months participated in the study (n: 181 for the FPSQ-M, n: 224 for the FPSQ-S). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FPSQ-M was found to be 0.78 and the four-component model accounted for 61.69% of the total variance, with all four subscales showing moderate to good internal consistency (using food to calm: 0.88, parent-led feeding: 0.81, persuasive feeding: 0.79, and feeding on demand: 0.66). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FPSQ-S was found to be 0.87, and the six-component model accounted for 59.71% of the total variance, with all six subscales showing moderate to good internal consistency [using (non-)food rewards: 0.89, using food to calm: 0.85, persuasive feeding: 0.83, family meal environment: 0.83, feeding on demand: 0.68, and parent-led feeding: 0.60]. Both versions demonstrated significant and moderate to strong test–retest reliability. The Turkish adapted FPSQ-M with 16 items distributing a four-factor structure and the FPSQ-S with 31 items distributing a six-factor structure were reliable questionnaires for measuring feeding practices among Turkish children aged 0–24 months.