Nanoliposomal Formulation of Gynura procumbens Leaf Extract Potentiates Hepatorenal Protection in Cisplatin-Induced Rats

Gynura procumbens, commonly known as longevity spinach, is traditionally used in Southeast Asia for its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antihyperglycemic properties. This study aimed to enhance the hepatorenal protective effects of G. procumbens leaf extract (GLE) by incorporating it into a nanoliposomal drug delivery system (LIP), thereby improving its dispersibility/solubility and therapeutic efficacy. The resulting nano-formulation, LIP–GLE, produced micelles with an average size of 112 ± 2.6 nm, showing a 6.6-fold and 4.6-fold improvement in dispersibility in water and simulated gastric fluid, respectively, compared to GLE. In a rat model of cisplatin-induced acute hepatorenal injury (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), oral administration of LIP–GLE (75 mg GLE/kg) significantly improved liver and kidney function, as indicated by reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, and creatinine. Histopathological investigations further confirmed reduced tissue damage in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, LIP–GLE enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH) and reduced oxidative stress markers (NO, AOPP), indicating strong protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative injury. These findings demonstrate that liposomal encapsulation significantly enhances the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of GLE, making it a promising approach for enhancing the nutraceutical potential of G. procumbens.