Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Innovations in Bacteriophage Genome Engineering for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Riska Ayu Febrianti, Erlia Narulita, Erma Sulistyaningsih, Hardian Susilo Addy","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophage engineering is a promising strategy to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections that pose significant challenges to public health due to the overuse of antibiotics. Bacteria can develop resistance mechanisms, such as receptor modification and activation of antiviral defense systems, which further complicates the application of phage therapy. Additionally, long-term phage therapy can result in the production of anti-phage antibodies, which may interfere with treatment. These factors require advanced engineering techniques to improve the efficacy of phages and expand their host range. Recent advances in genome engineering methods, including CRISPR/Cas9, homologous recombination, and other synthetic biology techniques, offer promising solutions to these challenges. By modifying receptor-binding proteins and using high-yield screening methods, researchers can create phages that are better equipped to target MDR bacteria effectively. Furthermore, understanding the intricate interactions between phages and their bacterial hosts is critical to guiding these engineering efforts. Future development perspectives lie in integrating these advanced engineering techniques into clinical practice, potentially putting bacteriophages at the forefront of fighting MDR bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxicological and Antimicrobial Efficiency of <i>Curcuma longa</i>.","authors":"Helal F Al-Harthi, Ioan Pet, Eman El-Dawy, Youssuf A Gherbawy","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i>) is a spice widely used worldwide. It has been used in the treatment and prevention of diseases since ancient times. During harvesting and storage, turmeric is exposed to contamination by different fungi that are responsible for mycotoxins production. Mycobiota and mycotoxins associated with turmeric spices samples were screened in this study. <i>Aspergillus</i> was the dominant genus, it recorded with an average total counts of 4.76 log colony-forming unit/g, and appeared in all 40 tested samples. Molecular identification with internal transcribed spacer sequence was used to identify the species. The common species were <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (with 80% frequency of occurrence) and <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (100%). Twelve and 20 samples were contaminated with total aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxins A (OTA) with concentrations 1.8-2.8 and 3.3-4.6 Parts Per Billioni (PPB), respectively. The search for suitable alternative antimicrobial drug resistance has increased, and this led researchers to explore the use of plant extract in the treatment of infections in both humans and animals. The antimicrobial activity of turmeric with two samples (sample no. 13 positive AFs and OTA, sample no. 2 with no toxins) on selected <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was evaluated. Different types of turmeric extracts were prepared using three solvents namely water, methanol, and ethanol using the disc diffusion method. The two tested turmeric samples extracts showed inhibition activity against all tested microorganisms. The zones of inhibition exhibited by extract of turmeric in methanol solvent from sample no. 13 against test organisms more effective and ranged from 10.6 to 15.4 mm. This is due to the confusion between antimicrobial activity of extract and its positively to mycotoxins content.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cryptosporidium</i> Spp. in Mink, Foxes, and Raccoon Dogs in Five Provinces of Northern China.","authors":"Zhen-Qiu Gao, Hai-Tao Wang, Nian-Yu Xue, Zhong-Yuan Li, Ya Qin, Xue-Min Li, Qing-Yu Hou, Jing Jiang, Li-Hua Yang, Xing Yang, Hong-Bo Ni, Yan Tang, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. is a common intestinal pathogen that causes diarrhea in both humans and animals. Northern China has a large-scale fur animal farming industry. Although there have been related studies, systematic data remain lacking. In this study, a total of 871 fecal samples were collected from fur animals in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces. Using nested polymerase chain reaction, 75 <i>Cryptosporidium</i>-positive samples were detected, and the overall infection rate was 8.61%. The infection rates ranged from 4.23% to 16.81% across different provinces, with the highest rate was observed in Shandong (16.81%, 19/113), followed by Jilin (15.07%, 11/73). Additionally, foxes (15.06%, 53/352) showed a higher infection rate compared with mink (4.55%, 13/286) and raccoon dogs (3.86%, 9/233), suggesting that foxes may be more susceptible. Four species/genotypes were identified: <i>Cryptosporidium canis</i> (<i>n</i> = 66), <i>Cryptosporidium meleagridis</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), and mink genotype (<i>n</i> = 7). Among these, <i>C. parvum</i> and <i>C. meleagridis</i> were found in raccoon dogs and foxes, respectively, while the mink genotype was detected only in mink. <i>C. canis</i> was present in all three animal species and was the dominant species in foxes. These findings indicate that farmed fur animals may serve as potential reservoirs for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> transmission to humans. This study provides essential epidemiological data on <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infections in fur animals, contributing to a better understanding of its distribution and potential zoonotic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Prediction Model Based on Decomposition-Integration for Foodborne Disease Risks.","authors":"Ke Qin, Jingxiang Zhang, Xiaoting Dai, Linhai Wu, Minguo Gao","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are contagious, explosive, clustered diseases caused by the ingestion of contaminated foods, which represent huge economic and health burdens globally. Reliably predicting the risk trend of FBDs has become a major challenge in the field of public health. This study aimed to design a risk prediction model suitable for predicting FBD risks by using the decomposition-integration technique. A total of 28,646 FBD cases from FBD surveillance data reported by all sentinel hospitals in Wuxi from 2019 to 2023 were included in the study. The obtained FBD risk data were decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, which were then reconstructed by calculating the sample entropy. Finally, the time dependence of the reconstructed IMFs was explored using a temporal convolution network-long short-term memory (TCN-LSTM) model to obtain the prediction results of each component, which were then linearly added to obtain the final prediction results. Compared with other models, our proposed prediction model significantly improved the prediction accuracy of FBD risks, with a best average root mean square error of 5.349 and mean absolute error of 3.819, demonstrating at least a 40% improvement in accuracy over standalone LSTM. The FBD risk prediction results obtained by the method proposed in this study can provide data support for food safety management and policy making and enable more accurate early warning of FBDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Polygonatum sibiricum</i> Extract Inactivates <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> Isolated from Powdered Infant Formula.","authors":"Yunhe Chang, Yiru Zhai, Yan Ma, Xiujuan Fan, Zekun Pang, Lin Qu, Hongxia Feng, Yilin Liu, Peng Fei, Ruxue Fang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of <i>Polygonum sibiricum</i> extract (PSE) against <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> (<i>C. sakazakii</i>) isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and growth curves were measured to evaluate the antibacterial effects. The antibacterial mechanism was elucidated by revealing the changes in cell membrane potential, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cell membrane permeability, protein and nucleic acid leakage, and cell morphology of <i>C. sakazakii</i>. The antibacterial effects of PSE against <i>C. sakazakii</i> in biofilm on stainless steel and in PIF were further analyzed. The results showed that the MIC and MBC of PSE against <i>C. sakazakii</i> were 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, respectively. The growth of <i>C. sakazakii</i> can be completely inhibited by two MIC of PSE. Cell membrane depolarization, increased and then decreased intracellular ROS content, significantly increased cell membrane permeability (<i>p</i> < 0.05), more leakage of intracellular protein and nucleic acid, and severely damaged cell morphology were found in <i>C. sakazakii</i> after treatment with PSE. Furthermore, PSE can significantly reduce the viable bacteria count of <i>C. sakazakii</i> in biofilm on stainless steel and in PIF (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that PSE has the potential to serve as a natural antibacterial agent to reduce contamination by <i>C. sakazakii</i> in PIF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worker and Restaurant Characteristics Associated with Food Safety Culture: An Environmental Health Specialists Network Study.","authors":"Adam J Kramer, Nicole Hedeen, Brendalee Viveiros, Lauren DiPrete, Douglas J Irving, David C Nicholas, Wendy McKelvey, Jo Ann Monroy, Joyce Tuttle, Laura G Brown","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 800 foodborne illness outbreaks have been reported to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) annually. Researchers have suggested that improving food safety culture in restaurants (i.e., shared values, beliefs, and norms about food safety) is an important way to reduce foodborne outbreaks. However, we know relatively little about the connections between food safety culture and food safety outcomes in restaurants. To bridge these gaps in knowledge, state and local health department staff with CDC's Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net) conducted a study in which they interviewed managers and administered written surveys to food workers in 321 restaurants across eight EHS-Net jurisdictions. Data on restaurant characteristics (e.g., the existence of food safety policies) were collected through interviews with restaurant managers. Data on food worker characteristics (e.g., food safety knowledge) were collected through a worker survey. The survey also assessed worker beliefs about food safety in their restaurants (i.e., food safety culture). Analyses showed that several restaurant characteristics, including the existence of food safety policies and methods for monitoring policy implementation, were significantly and positively associated with workers' perceptions of their restaurant's food safety culture. The worker characteristics of having had food safety training and possessing food safety knowledge were also significantly and positively related to worker food safety culture beliefs. These findings suggest that management actions, such as providing food safety training, implementing food safety policies, and monitoring compliance with those policies, are associated with a strong food safety culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Group Bacteria Isolated from the Dairy Farm Environment and Raw Milk in Tunisia.","authors":"Randa Ben Akacha, Maroua Gdoura-Ben Amor, Hanen Sellami, Noël Grosset, Sophie Jan, Michel Gautier, Radhouane Gdoura","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0154","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i> group are well-known opportunistic foodborne pathogens. In this study, the prevalence, hemolytic activity, antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence factor genes, genetic diversity by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping, and adhesion potential were investigated in isolates from a Tunisian dairy farm environment and raw milk. A total of 200 samples, including bedding, feces, feed, liquid manure, and raw bovine milk, were examined. Based on PCR test targeting <i>sspE</i> gene, 59 isolates were detected. The prevalence of <i>B. cereus</i> group isolates in bedding, feces, liquid manure, feed, and raw milk was 48%, 37.8%, 20%, 17.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. Out of the tested strains, 81.4% showed β-hemolytic on blood agar plates. An antimicrobial resistance test against 11 antibiotics showed that more than 50% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and novobiocin, while a high sensitivity to other antibiotics tested was observed in most isolates. The distribution of enterotoxigenic genes showed that 8.5% and 67.8% of isolates carried <i>hblABCD</i> and <i>nheABC</i>, respectively. In addition, the detection rate of cytotoxin K (<i>cytk</i>), enterotoxin T (<i>bceT</i>), and <i>ces</i> genes was 72.9%, 64.4%, and 5.1%, respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting genotype analysis allowed discriminating 40 different profiles. The adhesion potential of <i>B. cereus</i> group on stainless steel showed that all isolates were able to adhere at various levels, from 1.5 ± 0.3 to 5.1 ± 0.1 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/cm² for vegetative cells and from 2.6 ± 0.4 to 5.7 ± 0.3 log CFU/cm² for spores. An important finding of the study is useful for updating the knowledge of the contamination status of <i>B. cereus</i> group in Tunisia, at the dairy farm level.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in Food Safety Concerns, Hygiene Practices, and Purchasing Behaviors During Pandemic Era: What We Learnt from Coronavirus Disease 2019.","authors":"Rabia Busra Isin, Damla Gumus, Mevlude Kizil","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0143","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the study is to evaluate the food safety concerns, purchasing behaviors, and hygiene practices of individuals who contracted and did not contract the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A total of 2393 individuals 18-65 years years of age, 760 who contracted and 1633 who did not contract SARS-CoV-2 infection, participated in the study. Participants were administered a questionnaire to assess demographic information, food safety concerns, hygiene practices, purchasing behavior, and fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Results indicated that 56.3% of participants expressed concern about food safety, and 67% were concerned about infected individuals while shopping. Participants who did not contract COVID-19 had higher levels of food safety concerns and generally adhered to better hygiene practices such as handwashing, hygienic food preparation, sanitizer use, and cleaning and disinfection practices (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, purchasing behaviors did not significantly differ by the infection status, except for a significant difference in reduced purchase frequency (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, purchasing behavior varied in relation to fear levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). As the pandemic appears to be increasingly controlled, the insights gained from managing outbreaks might contribute to improved understanding and preparedness for global pandemics and food safety education in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140189627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Testing in New York 2011-2022 Reveals Increase in Non-O157 Identifications.","authors":"Ashley E Cukrovany, Danielle Wroblewski, Samantha E Wirth, Lisa M Thompson, Amy L Saylors, Julia A Connors, Deborah J Baker, Michelle C Dickinson, Charles E MacGowan, Cyndel Vollmer, Daniel T Woods, Kimberlee A Musser, Lisa A Mingle","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0152","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are an important cause of bacterial enteric infection. STEC strains cause serious human gastrointestinal disease, which may result in life-threatening complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. They have the potential to impact public health due to diagnostic challenges of identifying non-O157 strains in the clinical laboratory. The Wadsworth Center (WC), the public health laboratory of the New York State Department of Health, has isolated and identified non-O157 STEC for decades. A shift from initially available enzyme immunoassay testing to culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) has increased the uptake of testing at clinical microbiology laboratories. This testing change has resulted in an increased number of specimen submissions to WC. During a 12-year period between 2011 and 2022, WC received 5037 broths and/or stool specimens for STEC confirmation from clinical microbiology laboratories. Of these, 3992 were positive for Shiga toxin genes (<i>stx1</i> and/or <i>stx2</i>) by real-time PCR. Furthermore, culture methods were utilized to isolate, identify, and characterize 2925 STEC from these primary specimens. Notably, WC observed a >200% increase in the number of STEC specimens received in 2021-2022 compared with 2011-2012 and an 18% increase in the number of non-O157 STEC identified using the same methodologies. During the past decade, the WC testing algorithm has been updated to manage the increase in specimens received, while also navigating the novel COVID-19 pandemic, which took priority over other testing for a period of time. This report summarizes updated methods for confirmation, surveillance, and outbreak detection of STEC and describes findings that may be related to our algorithm updates and the increased use of CIDTs, which is starting to elucidate the true incidence of non-O157 STEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Flesh-Eating Bacteria (<i>Vibrio Vulnificus</i>) Type A (Environmental) and Type B (Clinical) in Tilapia Fish Samples: Phenotypic and Molecular Characterizations.","authors":"Hany M Yehia, Nourhan H Mohamed, Shereen M Korany, Abeer S Aloufi, Manal F El-Khadragy, Abdulhakeem Alzahrani, Mosffer M Al-Dagal","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0147","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio vulnificus</i>, both types A and B, in tilapia fish causes several diseases in humans-septicemia, gastroenteritis, and wound infection-that primarily occur due to the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. Using fresh tilapia fish samples collected from Riyadh market in Saudi Arabia, this study attempted to phenotypically detect <i>V. vulnificus</i> using specific media, such as thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar, CHROMagar™ <i>Vibrio</i>, and cellobiose polymyxin colistin agar, while Api 20NE was employed. Molecular detection was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to characterize the clinical (genotype B) and environmental strains (genotype A) of <i>V. vulnificus</i>. Virulence genes, such as hemolysin A (<i>Vvh</i>A) and <i>Viu</i>B which encodes vulnibactin siderophores, were employed to detect both strains, in addition to capsular polysaccharide (<i>CPS</i>) and allele 1 genes. Virulence-correlated (<i>vcg</i>) genes <i>vcg</i>C and <i>vcg</i>E were also considered. The multidrug resistance of both strains to different antibiotics was tested, while whole-cell protein profiles were used to examine their differences based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The tilapia fish contained type A and B of <i>V. vulnificus</i> at a ratio of 12% and 4%, respectively. Generation times of the clinical and environmental strains were 14.45 min and 12.04 min, respectively. Analysis of the 16S rRNA, <i>Vvh</i>A, <i>CPS</i>, <i>Viu</i>B, <i>vcg</i>C, and <i>vcg</i>E in type A and B revealed that both strains comprised all virulent genes in different ratios. Raw tilapia fish contained <i>V. vulnificus</i> type A and B, so care in handling is essential or during cooking these kinds of fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}