Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> Persistent Environmental Reservoirs of <i>Salmonella</i> Newport in Southwest Indiana Melon-Growing Regions: A Call for Longitudinal Surveillance.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi","doi":"10.1177/15353141261473037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261473037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261473037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Foodborne Pathogens: Risks and Mitigation of Microbial Safety of Raw Milk and Dairy Products.","authors":"Della Della, Uma Tiwari, Geraldine Duffy, Pablo Silva Boloña, Mark Fenelon, Triona O'Brien","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0034","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM), unlike clinical mastitis, characterized by the absence of visible symptoms such as swelling and abnormal milk, represents an under-recognized challenge for microbial safety within the dairy industry. Because SCM lacks visible signs, it can serve as a silent source of contamination that is not easily identified or managed during milk production. The review critically examines the multifaceted interplay between SCM and the transmission of such pathogens in milk, highlighting their entry routes, detection modalities, and contributory risk factors to the dairy industry, considering global and regional variability, the prevalence, diversity, and emerging trends in milk-borne pathogens are considered. To address these challenges, an integrative One Health-aligned mitigation framework that combines microbial risk assessment, genomic surveillance, and data-driven risk prioritization is recommended. Such strategies aim to harmonize detection protocols, optimize antimicrobial stewardship, and strengthen control measures across dairy value chains. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review article underscores the importance of SCM as a food safety issue and offers a critical foundation for developing comprehensive strategies to mitigate public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"503-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Causes of Enteric Outbreaks in New South Wales, Australia, from 2000 to 2017.","authors":"Neil Franklin, Kirsty Hope, Kathryn Glass, Martyn Kirk","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0030","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are an estimated 4.7 million cases of foodborne illness in Australia each year, but the contaminated food items that are the source of these illnesses are rarely identified. Current knowledge relies largely on the few foodborne outbreaks where the implicated food commodity was identified. To better understand which foods cause outbreaks, we analyzed 18 years of foodborne outbreak data collected in New South Wales (NSW) and classified the food dishes responsible for the outbreaks into standardized categories based on type of dish and preparation method. A total of 869 outbreaks were reported in NSW from 2000 to 2017. Outbreaks with a suspected contaminated food or dish reported (57.1%) underwent dish reclassification that assigned the implicated food into two groupings that characterized the food consumed into commonly understood dish types (e.g., sandwich, stew, etc.) and how it was prepared (e.g., sliced, heated, etc.). The dish type associated with the most outbreaks was sandwiches (18.8%) followed by desserts (13.1%) and then stir fries (9.1%). The dishes associated with more serious outbreak outcomes (higher numbers of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths per outbreak) were those associated with ready to eat fresh produce. Dish preparations that did not involve a cooking step also resulted in more serious outcomes. While identifying contaminated food is crucial for food safety reasons, people rarely consider these risks when eating. Food carries the combined risks posed by the ingredients and preparation method followed. Education of food business operators and consumers needs to promote a view of food safety risk that goes beyond unsafe commodities, encouraging a holistic perspective that considers ingredients and preparation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"532-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Biocontrol of Tick Populations.","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks are significant vectors of various pathogens affecting humans and livestock, necessitating effective control strategies. The widespread use of chemical acaricides has led to resistance development and environmental concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), particularly <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, have emerged as promising biocontrol agents due to their pathogenicity against arthropods. This study evaluates the efficacy of these fungi in controlling tick populations under laboratory and field conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fungal isolates of <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> were cultured and applied to adult and nymphal ticks using direct immersion and topical application methods. Tick mortality was monitored over 14 days, and lethal time 50% (LT₅₀) and lethal concentration 50% (LC₅₀) values were determined using probit analysis. Environmental stability assays assessed conidial viability under different temperature and ultraviolet (UV) exposure conditions. A field trial was conducted to evaluate fungal efficacy in reducing tick populations in a natural setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both <i>M. anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> induced significant mortality in ticks, with <i>M. anisopliae</i> exhibiting slightly higher virulence. LT₅₀ values were 5.8 ± 0.4 days for <i>M. anisopliae</i> and 6.9 ± 0.5 days for <i>B. bassiana</i>. Conidial viability declined under high temperatures and prolonged UV exposure, but fungal application in shaded areas improved efficacy. The field trial showed a 67.3% reduction in tick populations after fungal treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings demonstrate the potential of EPF as effective biocontrol agents for tick management. While environmental factors influence fungal persistence, protective formulations and targeted application strategies could enhance field performance. Integrating EPF with other control measures may provide a sustainable approach to tick population suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"561-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Levels of Protection Against Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Institute of Cancer Research Mice with a Novel Low-Temperature Inactivated <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Candidate Vaccine Adjuvanted with HA201/HA203.","authors":"Shao-Yuan Bai, Guo-Qing Zhou, Yu-Yuan Li, Ming Pan, Lizhi Fu, Si-Yang Huang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0159","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a highly complex protozoan parasite that poses significant health risks to humans and livestock. Traditional inactivated vaccines have simple preparation and high safety characteristics, but the protection is insufficient. This study aimed to find a new way to prepare an inactivated vaccine and find a suitable adjuvant to evaluate the immunoprotection. Inactivated vaccine (IVAC) was prepared by a novel low-temperature inactivation method, and different adjuvants were selected to evaluate the immune response. To assess immune protection, cytokines and other quantifiable factors associated with protection were examined, and then acute and chronic immune-protected experiments were carried out. IVAC has good integrity and biosafety. Immunizing mice with the adjuvant vaccine resulted in increased immunoglobulin G antibody and interferon-gamma levels, indicating the induction of a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Most notably, vaccination significantly improved the survival rate of mice. The IVAC can achieve a 10% protection rate, and the protection rate with adjuvant HA201 and HA203 can reach 50% and 70%, respectively. We found a new method to prepare IVAC and identified two adjuvants that could improve survival rates by 40-60%. These results provide valuable insights for future research on the <i>Toxoplasma</i> vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"547-554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usage of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Insight into Foodborne <i>Escherichia coli</i> Linked to Fresh Vegetables in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Oluwadamilola N Adeyemi, Esther Ajide, Moses A Abiala","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, the consumption of fresh produce has increased due to their health and nutritional benefits. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is a growing concern about fresh produce, harboring foodborne bacterial pathogens. Among the foodborne bacterial pathogens associated with the consumption of fresh produce is <i>Escherichia coli</i> known for causing foodborne infections. Based on the threat from foodborne infectious <i>E. coli</i>, beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics are always the first-line treatment regularly used to mitigate these foodborne infections in SSA. As a result of misuse of prescribed and continuous use of unprescribed β-lactam antibiotics, there has been a growing resistance in <i>E. coli</i> strains associated with fresh produce, which includes vegetables in SSA. This review therefore discussed not only the usage of β-lactam antibiotics as first-line treatment for foodborne infections in SSA but also the consumption of fresh vegetables linked to resistant <i>E. coli</i>. In addition, country-based cases regarding β-lactam antibiotic-resistant <i>E. coli</i> isolates linked to fresh vegetables were also discussed. The details herein therefore serve as hands-on information for consumers, health personnel, and policymakers not only in SSA but also globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"516-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Retail Pork and Market Environments: Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in Thailand.","authors":"Sutsiree Intongead, Phirabhat Saengsawang, Sumalee Boonmar, Yukio Morita, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Ruethai Narinthorn, Ratchadaporn Boripun","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) highlights the growing issue of multidrug resistance within the food processing chain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, molecular genetic structures, and genetic diversity of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolated from pork, cutting boards, and knives. A total of 90 samples were collected from 10 local markets in Southern Thailand. ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> were identified in 9 samples (10%), with knife samples showing the highest contamination rate (5/90, 5.55%). The ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates exhibited high-level resistance to ampicillin (100%), ceftriaxone (88.89%), and cefpodoxime (88.89%), followed by tetracycline (77.78%). Multidrug resistance was detected in 88.89% (8/9) of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates and 28.26% (13/46) of all <i>E. coli</i> isolates. All presumptive ESBL-producing isolates carried ESBL resistance genes (9/9, 100%), with <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-1 being the most prevalent (6/9, 66.67%). Additionally, the <i>tetA</i> gene was frequently detected in ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> (6/9, 66.67%) and in all <i>E. coli</i> isolates (16/46, 34.78%). Overall, <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 was identified in 5 isolates (10.87%). The genetic relatedness analysis revealed that five ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> isolates were closely related to <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 23502. Our findings confirm a high prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> carrying resistance genes in knife samples, underscoring the importance of proper sanitary handling practices to minimize microbial contamination in pork retail shops.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"524-531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of <i>Pentatrichomonas hominis</i> in Farmed Mink and Raccoon Dogs Across Five Provinces in China.","authors":"Na Lu, Hai-Tao Wang, Qing-Yu Hou, Ya Qin, Xue-Min Li, Xing Yang, Jing Jiang, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0047","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pentatrichomonas hominis</i> is a zoonotic pathogen with a wide host range, yet epidemiological data in mink and raccoon dogs remain sparse. This study investigates the prevalence of <i>P. hominis</i> in these species by analyzing 498 fecal samples collected from Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces in China. Results revealed an overall infection rate of 9.64% (48/498, 95% confidence interval 7.19-12.58), with mink showing a 0.36% infection rate (1/276) and raccoon dogs 21.17% (47/222). Female animals had higher infection rates (9.87%, 47/476) than males (4.55%, 1/22). Adults exhibited higher infection rates (10.31%, 46/446) compared with juveniles (3.85%, 2/52). Phylogenetic analysis identified the CC1 genotype in all <i>P. hominis</i> detected. This study provides important epidemiological data on <i>P. hominis</i> infection in mink and raccoon dogs across five provinces, offering new insights into its regional distribution and transmission dynamics. These findings contribute to the development of more effective control strategies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"555-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NutriClay^Zn Harbors Bioavailable Zinc and Suppresses Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Choleraesuis.","authors":"Steven J T Jackson, Kathleen Andrews, Robert E Droleskey, William J Banz, Gary A Apgar, Kelly J Rivenbark, Meichen Wang, Robin C Anderson, Roger B Harvey, Timothy D Phillips","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0016","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacological doses of zinc oxide (ZnO), far in excess of the nutritional requirement for zinc, are commonly added to weanling swine feed to suppress enterotoxigenic bacteria and thereby support piglet weight gains. However, excessive ZnO in the diet has come under scrutiny due to concerns that excreted zinc may accumulate beyond safe levels within topsoil and water supplies, as well as foster antibiotic drug resistance in bacterial pathogens that could then infect livestock and/or humans. Indeed, multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> have been isolated from swine feces, focusing attention on new technologies to protect swine (and ultimately humans) while reducing dietary zinc toward the nutritional requirement. We hypothesized that NutriClay^Zn (an edible Generally Recognized As Safe substance consisting of low-dose ZnO immobilized on montmorillonite clay) could suppress MDR <i>Salmonella</i>, provide bioavailable zinc, and serve as a novel feed ingredient for weanling swine. NutriClay^Zn dose-response efficacy and thermal stability were assessed in cultures of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Choleraesuis. Dissociated elemental zinc was measured under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. NutriClay^Zn consumption was assessed via <i>ad libitum</i> feeding, with bioavailable zinc calculations according to weanling swine treatment group intakes. <i>Salmonella</i> Choleraesuis (resistant to quinolone, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics) was susceptible to growth inhibition by heat-stable NutriClay^Zn. Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, 22.8 µg of elemental zinc were released per milligram NutriClay^Zn. Furthermore, the rate at which weanling swine consumed NutriClay^Zn-containing feed (0.6 kg/day) supports fulfillment of the nutritional zinc requirement. These findings encourage future MDR <i>Salmonella</i> pathogen challenge trials, designed with NutriClay^Zn replacing pharmacological ZnO for control of enterotoxigenic bacteria in swine, as well as potentially eliminating the zinc component of mineral premixtures that are currently added to feed for nutritional purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"539-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Enteric Parasites and Biosecurity Measures in Household Family Farming Systems in the Northwestern Nariño Region, Colombia.","authors":"David Álvarez-Sánchez, Patricia Betancourth-Chaves, Filadelfo Hernández-Oviedo, Jhon Borja-Tintinago, Pedro Bacca-Acosta, Dario Vallejo-Timarán, Martha Bolaños-Benavides","doi":"10.1177/15353141261473461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261473461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fresh vegetables cultivated in small-scale household systems may facilitate the transmission of foodborne parasitic structures due to environmental exposure and inconsistent hygienic conditions. This study identified the presence, prevalence, and distribution of enteric parasitic structures in vegetables and soils from family farming systems undergoing an agroecological transition process in the Colón-Génova subregion, Colombia, and characterized the biosecurity measures employed by producers. Standard parasitological methods were used to analyze vegetable samples (<i>n</i> = 216) from six horticultural species and farm soil samples. Strongyle-type eggs (order Strongylida), larvae morphologically compatible with intestinal nematodes, <i>Entamoeba coli</i>, and <i>E. histolytica/dispar</i>-like cysts were detected with varying frequencies, primarily in broad-leaved vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, and Swiss chard. Soil samples also contained viable parasitic structures compatible with environmental contamination, suggesting that soil may function as a potential environmental source of contamination. The biosecurity assessment indicated an intermediate level of compliance, with critical deficiencies related to disinfection of tools and footwear, incomplete composting of organic fertilizers, and inadequate exclusion of domestic animals from cultivation areas. These results demonstrate that household gardens may harbor enteric parasitic structures of public health relevance. These findings highlight the need to strengthen hygiene protocols, improve the management of organic amendments and water sources, and adopt One Health-based preventive strategies to reduce contamination risk in small-scale horticultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261473461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}