Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Simulation of Gastrointestinal Conditions and Antagonistic Potential of Probiotic-Fermented Tomato-Watermelon Juice.","authors":"Kousalya Padmanabhan, Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim, Yaya Rukayadi, Norhasnida Zawawi, Nor Azmiraah Abdul Jabar, Kah Hui Chong, Mahmud Ab Rashid Nor-Khaizura","doi":"10.1177/15353141261472226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261472226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the gastrointestinal tolerance and antagonistic potential of probiotic-fermented tomato-watermelon juice formulated with <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> LP01 and <i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i> BB12. A 75:25 (tomato: watermelon) formulation inoculated with 1.0% probiotics was selected based on physicochemical stability and viability (≥8 log₁₀ CFU/mL). Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, probiotic counts remained above 6 log₁₀ CFU/mL, with intestinal counts reaching 9.71 log₁₀ CFU/mL, and only minor reductions under gastric and bile stress. Antagonistic assay demonstrates that during 72 h storage, fermented samples effectively inhibited <i>Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella</i> Enteritidis, <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in fermented samples at both 4°C and 25°C, whereas nonfermented controls supported pathogens' growth up to 8.56 log₁₀ CFU/mL at 25°C. Probiotic populations remained ≥8 log₁₀ CFU/mL during storage and reached approximately 8.4 log₁₀ CFU/mL at 25°C, while fermentation reduced pH to 3.0-3.4, contributing to antimicrobial activity. These findings confirm strong gastrointestinal tolerance, sustained probiotic viability, and effective biopreservative capacity of the fermented formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261472226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and Regional Trends of Pediatric Enteric Infections, 1990-2021: Rising Modeled Burden of Invasive Non-Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> in High-Income Regions.","authors":"Wensi Fan, Kai Wang, Tingting Tan, Junjie Wang, Yingchuan Li","doi":"10.1177/15353141261470593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261470593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed global and regional incidence trends of three major enteric infections in children aged 0-14 years from 1990 to 2021. Data on diarrheal diseases (DD), typhoid and paratyphoid fever (TP), and invasive non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (iNTS) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), average annual percentage changes (AAPCs), and correlations between the socio-demographic index (SDI) and ASIRs were analyzed to characterize temporal, regional, and socioeconomic patterns. From 1990 to 2021, DD and TP declined globally, whereas iNTS showed an overall increasing trend. Globally, iNTS cases increased from 245,607 (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 174,385-328,774) in 1990-356,475 (95% UI: 248,066-484,385) in 2021, representing a 45.14% increase. The global AAPC of iNTS was 0.951% (95% CI: 0.763-1.140). Among SDI regions, the high-SDI region had the highest AAPC (0.733%, 95% CI: 0.390-1.078). Among GBD regions, Western Europe had the highest AAPC (2.719%), followed by high-income Asia Pacific (1.941%) and high-income North America (1.353%). At the country level, the UK had the highest AAPC (4.857%, 95% CI: 4.348-5.368). In contrast, regions with high absolute iNTS burden, such as Western sub-Saharan Africa (AAPC: -0.0399%) and Nigeria (AAPC: -0.4849%), showed declining trends. Compared with previous all-age analyses, this study provides a pediatric-specific assessment of enteric infections in children aged 0-14 years and explicitly contrasts iNTS trends with DD and TP. Although DD and TP declined substantially, iNTS showed modeled increases globally and in several high-income regions. These findings should be interpreted with caution because GBD estimates depend on data availability, diagnostic capacity, and modeling assumptions. The modeled increases in high-income regions warrant enhanced surveillance, serovar and antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261470593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Trends, Inequalities, and Projections of Typhoid Fever Burden Among Children and Adolescents, 1990-2045: A Global Burden of Disease 2021 Analysis with a Focus on South Asia.","authors":"Kui Wang, Shanshan Zhang","doi":"10.1177/15353141261466560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261466560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Typhoid fever remains a vaccine-preventable cause of childhood and adolescent morbidity in settings with limited water, sanitation, diagnostic capacity, and treatment capacity. We used Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 estimates to assess typhoid fever burden among individuals aged 0-19 years in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2045. We analyzed prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs); estimated average annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression; decomposed changes into epidemiological and demographic components; assessed Sociodemographic Index (SDI)-related inequality using the Slope Index of Inequality and Concentration Index; benchmarked countries against SDI-adjusted incidence frontiers; and projected future burden using Bayesian age-period-cohort models. Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate declined from 653.07 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 194.81 in 2021, while incident cases decreased from 14.76 million to 4.98 million. Deaths declined from 152,567 to 69,364, and DALYs from 12.93 million to 5.86 million. Despite these reductions, the burden remained concentrated in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, and low- and low-middle-SDI settings. In 2021, South Asia accounted for 3.37 million incident cases, 44,095 deaths, and 3.74 million DALYs. Decomposition showed that declining age-specific rates drove global reductions, whereas population growth partly offset gains in lower-DI settings. Negative inequality indices indicated persistent concentration of burden among lower-SDI countries. Frontier analysis identified large excess-incidence gaps in South Asia, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Projections suggested continued global reductions under historical-trend assumptions but persistent concentration in South Asia and widening uncertainty. Integrated typhoid conjugate vaccine scale-up, water and sanitation investment, diagnostic strengthening, and antimicrobial-resistance surveillance remain priorities for equitable typhoid control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261466560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects on <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Prevalence and Levels from Feeding Two Formulations of Direct-Fed Microbial to Feedlot Cattle.","authors":"Terrance M Arthur, Getahun E Agga, Norasak Kalchayanand","doi":"10.1177/15353141261472168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261472168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preharvest interventions are critical to reduce beef carcass contamination with <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 during processing. We determined the effects of feeding two direct-fed microbials (DFMs), Bovamine Defend and 10-G, to beef cattle to suppress the prevalence and load of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in the gastrointestinal tract. Each DFM was fed daily to eight pens of cattle (100 animals/pen) from May to September. Fecal swabs were collected from 23 to 25 animals/pen at midpoint (∼70 days on feed) and at the end of the feeding period (140 days on feed). Hide swabs were collected at the final sampling. The prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in feces ranged from 8% (<i>n</i> = 193) in the samples collected at midpoint from the Bovamine Defend group to 25% (<i>n</i> = 192) in the samples collected at the end of the feeding period from the 10-G group. After controlling for the effect of sampling occasion, cattle that were fed 10-G had 70% higher odds of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 positivity than cattle that were fed Bovamine Defend (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.7; <i>p</i> = 0.019). Overall, 15 of 386 (4%) and 27 of 384 (7%) fecal samples had quantifiable numbers of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 from the Bovamine Defend and 10-G groups, respectively. The total number of super-shedders from both sampling occasions did not statistically differ (<i>p</i> > 0.50) between groups. The prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 on hides (Bovamine Defend, 67.7% [<i>n</i> = 192]; 10-G, 60.4% [<i>n</i> = 192]) did not statistically differ (<i>p</i> = 0.56) between treatment groups. Neither treatment prevented animals from super-shedding, much less shedding >200 colony forming units of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7/swab, a shedding level previously associated with high prevalence of cattle hide contamination, suggesting that neither treatment may be sufficiently efficacious as a preharvest intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261472168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured Co-Contamination Patterns of Foodborne Pathogens Across Raw Foods: Implications from a Decade-Long Public Health Surveillance Study in Gwangju, South Korea.","authors":"Duck Woong Park, Hae Bi Yun, Young Gyu Jo, Jeong Hee Park, Hyohee Kim, Hyang Hee Lee, Sun-Ju Cho, Min Gyou Lee, Hye Jin Jeong, In Sook Kang, Min Ji Kim","doi":"10.1177/15353141261469385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261469385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, zoonotic bacterial pathogens like <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> remain leading causes of foodborne illness. While raw materials are critical exposure interfaces, long-term evidence regarding multi-pathogen co-contamination across food matrices is limited. We conducted a decade-long surveillance study (2016-2025) in South Korea, analyzing 4653 raw food samples-including livestock, agricultural, and marine products-for 12 zoonotic pathogens. Co-contamination was a structured, frequent feature, observed in 16.0% of livestock, 15.8% of agricultural, and 5.6% of seafood samples. Within livestock, chicken exhibited the highest co-contamination rate (27.4%), while pork showed the lowest (3.7%). Matrix-specific pathogen combinations predominated: pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> plus <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in livestock; <i>C. perfringens</i> plus <i>Bacillus cereus</i> in agricultural products; and <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> plus <i>V. vulnificus</i> in marine products. Notably, enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (EPEC) constituted 75.0% of pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> in poultry, whereas cattle showed diverse profiles including enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and EPEC. Statistical analysis (Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test) revealed no significant seasonal variation in contamination or co-contamination rates (all <i>p</i> > 0.56), suggesting that stable processing and handling factors exert more influence than climatic drivers. By conceptualizing multi-pathogen co-contamination as a reproducible feature of food systems rather than an incidental event, this study provides critical epidemiological insights into polymicrobial exposure. These findings support the transition toward multi-hazard, pattern-based surveillance and integrated risk-management strategies to enhance zoonotic foodborne disease prevention in public health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261469385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Salmonella</i> Reading Inoculation Dose Impacts the Host Colonization and Immune Response in Turkey Poults.","authors":"Davis A Fenster, Estefania Novoa Rama, Jasmine Kataria, Cortney Leone, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, Manpreet Singh, W Evan Chaney, Vivek A Kuttappan, Rami A Dalloul","doi":"10.1177/15353141261471660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261471660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Reading has been associated with foodborne disease outbreaks from contaminated poultry products. This study investigated the effect of <i>S</i>. Reading inoculation dose on <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence and cecal loads, and the mRNA abundance of immune response genes in turkey poults, with higher doses expected to increase colonization and elicit stronger immune responses. Day-old poults (<i>n</i> = 487) were assigned to four groups based on <i>S</i>. Reading inoculation doses of 2, 4, 6, and 8-log CFU/mL per bird, with 28 birds per pen and 4 replicate pens per treatment group. Additional poults (<i>n</i> = 39) were assigned to a single pen as the non-inoculated control group. On d 7, all birds were inoculated with their respective dose of <i>S</i>. Reading. On d 9 and d 21, the ceca, liver, and spleen were collected from 10 birds per group to assess <i>S</i>. Reading colonization. Cecal tonsils and spleens were collected to measure the mRNA abundance of immune response genes. On d 14, ceca were collected from 19 birds per pen (76 birds/group) to measure <i>S</i>. Reading loads using the SalQuant™ procedure of the BAX^® PCR System. Higher doses (6 and 8-log) resulted in increased colonization of <i>S</i>. Reading in the ceca on d 9 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and d 14 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and increased prevalence of <i>S</i>. Reading-positive cecal samples on d 9 (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and d 14 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to lower doses. The 8-log <i>S</i>. Reading dose resulted in greater mRNA abundance of cytokines IFN-γ (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and IL-10 (<i>p</i> = 0.037), and Toll-like receptors (TLR)-4 (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and TLR-15 (<i>p</i> = 0.002) in the cecal tonsils on d 9 compared to all other groups. Inoculation with higher <i>S</i>. Reading doses resulted in greater prevalence among poults and a heightened local innate immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261471660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Identification of Microbial Food Pathogens in Green Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>): Influence on Catechins, Flavonoids, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Potential.","authors":"Shubhangee Agarwal, Pavita Thapa, Nishant Rai, Jigisha Anand","doi":"10.1177/15353141261467634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261467634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tea is the second most consumed beverage worldwide, with quality largely determined by phytochemicals, particularly catechins. However, its phytobiome comprising pathogens poses a major threat to tea quality and consumers' health. The current study is designed to systematically link environmental factors and processing conditions with tea quality by integrating microbiological, physicochemical, and phytochemical analyses. The microbial contaminants from leaves, tea infusion, and water used in the cleaning of tea processing machinery were isolated and identified through morphological, biochemical characterization, 16s rRNA sequencing. Aflatoxins in the final product were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, tea catechins at different tea processing stages were quantified using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared, and HPLC. Concurrent assessment of cultivable soil and water physicochemical parameters provided insight into how environmental inputs influence both microbial load and stability of catechins during tea processing. The study revealed a gradual decrease in catechins level (71.6%) throughout different tea processing stages (<i>p</i> < 0.05), consistent with presence of several microbial contaminants from the tea leaves and the water samples. Among the isolates, pathogens like <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (12 × 10⁴ C.F.U/mL)<i>, Candida</i> sp. (1.2 × 10⁵ C.F.U/mL), <i>B. zhangzhouensis</i> (1.5 × 10⁵ C.F.U/mL), <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i> (4 × 10⁵ C.F.U/mL), etc., were detected in tea leaves while, <i>Penicillium</i> sp. (4 × 10² C.F.U/mL), <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> (4.3 × 10³ C.F.U/mL), and <i>Sphingomonas paucimobilis</i> (1.4 × 10³ C.F.U/mL), etc., were isolated from water samples. However, aflatoxins were absent, and no microbial contamination was detected in the tea infusion. Phytochemical evaluation across different stages of tea processing demonstrated that variation in environmental quality and hygiene practices could modulate catechin concentration. Overall, rolling, drying, and post-processing handling were identified as critical control points, demanding regulatory monitoring to ensure both the safety and quality of green tea. Collectively, the findings establish a clear interrelationship between environmental parameters, microbial dynamics involving pathogens, and phytochemical integrity, underscoring the need for integrated environmental and HACCP-based food safety management systems across cultivation and processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261467634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation to Sublethal Sodium Hypochlorite Enhanced Biofilm Formation of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis on Food-Contact Surfaces.","authors":"Yuan Liang, Lu Sun, Kun Yan","doi":"10.1177/15353141261469731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261469731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a widely used disinfectant in food processing to control foodborne pathogens. However, exposure to sublethal concentrations of NaClO may induce adaptive responses in bacteria, potentially affecting their persistence on food-contact surfaces. In this study, the effects of adaptation to sublethal NaClO on the biofilm-forming characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and the underlying regulatory mechanisms were investigated. NaClO-adapted cells exhibited significantly increased biofilm biomass on stainless steel 304 and glass compared with non-adapted cells. Compositional analysis of the biofilm matrix revealed that 48-h biofilms of NaClO-adapted cells contained higher levels of extracellular proteins, carbohydrates, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Furthermore, adaptation to NaClO resulted in a significant reduction in motility, with swimming diameter decreasing from 7.73 ± 0.37 cm to 3.45 ± 0.42 cm. Additionally, NaClO-adapted cells exhibited enhanced cell surface hydrophobicity and a marked increase in auto-aggregation ability, with an auto-aggregation index of 39.12%, compared to 25.42% in non-adapted cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that adaptation to NaClO significantly upregulated key biofilm-related genes, including the biofilm master regulator <i>csgD</i>, cellulose synthase <i>bcsA</i>, global regulator <i>csrA</i> and quorum sensing <i>luxS</i>. In contrast, the flagellar biosynthesis gene <i>fliA</i> was significantly downregulated in NaClO-adapted cells, which was consistent with the observed reduction in motility. This study highlights the unintended risks related to improper NaClO application and provides critical insights for optimizing disinfection strategies to mitigate the persistence of biofilm-forming <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and improve food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261469731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Imported Foods in China.","authors":"Hangtian Ma, Lina Zhao, Yuqiu Zhang, Xin Wang, Jilin Yang, Yuan Jiang, Yu Feng, Min Xu, Qiong Liu, Jinling Shen, Shuai Zhi","doi":"10.1177/15353141261466472","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261466472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This 3-year surveillance study investigated the contamination patterns and genomic characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in 2133 imported food samples, including frozen beef, frozen pork, frozen fish, frozen chicken, and cheese. An overall <i>S. aureus</i> contamination rate of 4.4% (93/2133) was observed, with frozen beef showing the highest prevalence (6.0%, 68/1139). The 93 isolates showed high resistance rates to ampicillin at 61.3% and penicillin at 58.1%. Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) strains were identified in 14.0% (13/93) of them. Substantial genetic diversity was observed, with 24 sequence types (STs) and 41 <i>spa</i> types identified. The major prevalent clones included the globally prevalent ST5 (19.4%), of which 44.4% (8/18) carried at least one enterotoxin gene, as well as the livestock-associated ST398 (11.8%), which was significantly lower than its prevalence rate in China. The clone ST1460-t156 (10 strains) derived from equine-associated lineages was detected in strains isolated from beef samples. Virulence gene profiling revealed diverse enterotoxin carriage, with some strains carrying four or five enterotoxin genes simultaneously. Although a relatively low contamination rate of <i>S. aureus</i> was observed in the imported food products, the high prevalence of MRSA and carriage of several virulent strains necessitate close monitoring of <i>S. aureus</i> within global food supply chains to provide essential data for developing risk-based food safety interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261466472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Growth Media for Primary Foodborne <i>Campylobacter</i>: Potential Factors and Considerations.","authors":"Steven C Ricke, Aaron R Bodie, Corliss A O'Bryan, Elena G Olson, Michael J Rothrock","doi":"10.1177/15353141261466556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261466556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter</i> is a major foodborne pathogen of significant public health concern, as it is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. This bacterium has specialized growth requirements, such as specific temperature ranges, a microaerophilic environment (low oxygen levels), and nutrient-rich media. Consequently, the growth and detection of <i>Campylobacter</i> can be challenging, particularly for inexperienced laboratory personnel. Over time, researchers have developed various selective media to recover <i>Campylobacter</i> from diverse food and environmental matrices. However, the variable conditions of these media, along with ongoing efforts to optimize <i>Campylobacter</i> growth and detection, remain active areas of research. This review will focus on the factors that impact <i>Campylobacter</i> growth and recovery. By understanding the unique characteristics and growth requirements of this pathogen, researchers and laboratory personnel can improve their ability to identify and monitor <i>Campylobacter</i>, ultimately contributing to enhanced food safety and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261466556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}