Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Honey as a Functional Food: Evaluating Its Antimicrobial Properties and Bacterial Safety Concerns.","authors":"Kobra Shirani, Amirmohammad Mottaghi, Mohammad Shabani","doi":"10.1177/15353141251392181","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251392181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey is increasingly recognized as a functional food with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. Its complex chemical makeup, high sugar content, low water activity, acidic pH, hydrogen peroxide generation, and a spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals create a multifaceted defense against microbial growth, yet honey also harbors diverse microorganisms, including potential pathogens, underscoring the need for robust quality control and safety considerations across production, processing, and storage. This study synthesizes current evidence on the antimicrobial mechanisms of honey and evaluates bacterial safety concerns, with emphasis on probiotic potential and risks associated with pathogens such as <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>, to inform safe use and innovative functional food applications. A comprehensive review of existing literature and honey-specific data was conducted to collate chemical, microbiological, and safety-related parameters. Key antimicrobial mechanisms (osmotic pressure, acidic environment, hydrogen peroxide production, and bioactive compounds such as methylglyoxal in certain varieties) were mapped to their effects on diverse microbes. Safety considerations, contamination pathways, and regulatory frameworks were qualitatively assessed to identify critical control points. Honey's antimicrobial activity arises from synergistic interactions among sugars, pH, hydrogen peroxide, enzymes, and phytochemicals, yielding broad-spectrum inhibition. Beneficial lactic acid bacteria from honey and bees contribute probiotic potential, while the risk of contamination by pathogens necessitates stringent hygiene, processing controls, and adherence to quality standards. Processors can leverage nonthermal and thermal reduction methods to balance safety with the preservation of bioactive components. Honey remains a robust functional food with antimicrobial advantages and probiotic opportunities, provided that meticulous quality control and regulatory compliance are maintained to mitigate safety risks for vulnerable populations. Future work should optimize honey-based probiotic formulations and establish standardized safety protocols across the supply chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"839-853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145388305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Morphology During Gastroscopy Associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection.","authors":"Mo Qu, Chendi Wang","doi":"10.1177/15353141251388852","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251388852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) colonizes and thrives in the gastric mucosa. To enable early detection and treatment of <i>H. pylori</i> infection through exploring the clinical value of white light gastroscope endoscopic features in diagnosing <i>H. pylori</i>. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 968 patients who underwent routine gastroscopy over a 2-year period (March 1st, 2021-March 1st, 2023). A significant association was observed between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and age (<i>p</i> < 0.001), family history of <i>H. pylori</i> infection (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and gastric symptoms (<i>p</i> < 0.001). White light gastroscope findings demonstrated that diffuse erythema (<i>p</i> < 0.001), spotted redness (<i>p</i> < 0.001), mucosal swelling (<i>p</i> < 0.001), elongated and enlarged folds (<i>p</i> < 0.001), digestive tract ulcers (<i>p</i> < 0.001), proliferative polyps (<i>p</i> = 0.018), and erosions with depression (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were more frequent in <i>H. pylori</i>-infected individuals. Conversely, old bleeding spots (<i>p</i> = 0.003), gastric fundic glandular polyps (<i>p</i> = 0.048), and regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were less common in <i>H. pylori</i>-infected patients. Diffuse erythema (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, <i>p</i> = 0.002), spotted redness (OR = 2.63, <i>p</i> = 0.008), mucosal swelling (OR = 1.97, <i>p</i> = 0.007), elongated and enlarged folds (OR = 2.15, <i>p</i> = 0.015), digestive tract ulcers (OR = 1.49, <i>p</i> = 0.036), and erosions with depression (OR = 1.86, <i>p</i> = 0.022) were identified as independent risk factors for <i>H. pylori</i> infection, while the RAC served as a protective factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"854-858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bongkrekic Acid: A New Threat for Food Safety?","authors":"Rakesh Sehgal, Chandra Kanta Bhusal","doi":"10.1177/15353141251389591","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251389591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bongkrekic acid (BA) represents an emerging food safety threat with significant public health implications. This review examines the current understanding of BA, a potent mitochondrial toxin produced by <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i> pathovar <i>cocovenenans</i>, which has caused numerous foodborne illness outbreaks with mortality rates ranging from 30% to 100%. The toxin, first identified in 1895 from Indonesian fermented coconut products (tempe bongkrek), has been implicated in over 300 cases globally, with recent outbreaks reported in China, Indonesia, Mozambique, and Taiwan. BA production occurs in fermented foods under specific conditions, including neutral pH, temperatures of 22-30°C, and high fatty acid content, particularly oleic acid. Common implicated foods include fermented corn flour, rice noodles, rehydrated mushrooms, and coconut products. As little as 1-1.5 mg can be fatal, causing gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms progressing to multi-organ failure. The toxin's unique mechanism involves inhibiting mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase, disrupting cellular ATP/ADP transport with no known antidote. Detection relies on chromatography and mass spectrometry, though newer ELISA and immunochromatographic methods are being developed. Prevention through proper food handling and awareness remains critical, as treatment is purely supportive. Enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capabilities are urgently needed to address this growing threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"834-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145312751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Carcasses and Cross-Contamination Risk Factors in Pig Slaughterhouses: A Systematic Evaluation and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Chen Xu, Yiran Shi, Xianyue Zhai, Xinyuan Miao, Bowen Liu, Xilong Kang, Xinan Jiao, Chuang Meng, Zhiming Pan","doi":"10.1177/15353141251394923","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251394923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> can survive and contaminate food products at all stages of the pig production chain, posing a serious threat to human health. Slaughtering is an important step in controlling contamination in pigs from farms carrying <i>Salmonella</i>. Inadequate cleaning and disinfection in slaughterhouses can lead to <i>Salmonella</i> survival in carcasses and cause cross-contamination. However, studies on <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence in pig carcasses collected from slaughterhouses are limited. Here, we searched 13,697 documents in the database and retained 250 papers for data extraction through screening and exclusion. We then aggregated the effect size analyses to determine <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence in pig carcasses and on slaughterhouse equipment. The analysis showed that the overall <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence in pig carcasses was 10%. This analysis also suggests that feces and splitting machines are critical control points for controlling <i>Salmonella</i> contamination and that production processes and preventive and control measures need to be optimized and strictly implemented to reduce the spread of <i>Salmonella</i> in pig slaughterhouses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"825-833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145548777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Prevalence of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> in Ruminants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuan Ma, Jinbao Lv, Lei Zhang, Xi Zhu, Zhiguo Liu, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1177/15353141251387598","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251387598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Haemonchus contortus</i> is a highly pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode that significantly impacts ruminant health and productivity. Despite extensive research, a comprehensive understanding of the global prevalence of <i>H. contortus</i> infections and associated risk factors remains lacking. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature on <i>H. contortus</i> in ruminants was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to January 1, 2025. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a random-effects model. A meta-analysis of 64 studies on <i>H. contortus</i> infection in ruminants worldwide revealed a pooled prevalence of 37%. Continent subgroup significantly influenced prevalence (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the highest rate reported in Europe and the lowest in Oceania. Environmental factors played a critical role, with regions classified under the Cwb climate exhibiting significantly higher infection rates than other climate zones (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Higher prevalence was also associated with high-altitude areas, annual rainfall ≥800 mm, and lower temperatures. Host-related factors were equally important, with animals over 1 year of age and females showing greater susceptibility. These findings underscore the importance of developing control strategies adapted to different climates and host species, with a particular emphasis on targeted surveillance and deworming efforts against <i>H. contortus</i> in high-risk regions to reduce infection burden and support sustainable ruminant production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"815-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of <i>Shigella</i> spp. and Assessed Their Pathogenic Potential Using the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Infection Model Associated with Acute Diarrheal Patients in Tangail, Bangladesh.","authors":"Antora Kar, Parvez Ahmed, Nazmus Sakib, Abu Zaffar Shibly, Fatama Tous Zohora, Amit Dutta, Pratul Dipta Somadder, Md Masuder Rahman","doi":"10.1177/15353141251393834","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251393834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Shigella</i> infection is a leading cause of diarrheal diseases, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, data on <i>Shigella</i> prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns remained limited. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of <i>Shigella</i> among patients with acute diarrhea at Tangail Medical College and Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh, and to analyze the serogroup distribution and AMR profiles of the isolated strains. Stool samples from 96 patients with diarrhea were collected from May 2018 to December 2018 and tested for <i>Shigella</i> using biochemical, molecular, and serotyping methods. The isolates were further examined for antibiotic resistance. In addition, pathogenicity of <i>Shigella</i> spp. was assessed using <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> in a solid agar infection assay. Of the total participants, 28.1% were <i>Shigella</i>-positive by culture, while 5.2% and 4.15% were positive by molecular and serotyping methods, respectively. All <i>Shigella</i> isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to common antibiotics. <i>Shigella flexneri</i> isolates exhibited high resistance for nalidixic acid only among the tested antibiotics. <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i> was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid, while <i>Shigella boydii</i> showed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and nalidixic acid. However, no resistance was observed to azithromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. In the pathogenicity assay, a significant difference in survival was observed in <i>C. elegans</i> infected with <i>Shigella</i> spp. compared with the control group. <i>S. dysenteriae</i> exhibited the highest pathogenicity, with only 21.6% survival of <i>C. elegans</i> after 12 h postinfection, while <i>S. boydii</i> and <i>S. flexneri</i> exhibited 27.47% and 35.55% survival, respectively. This study highlights the importance of regular surveillance of <i>Shigella</i> prevalence and AMR patterns in Bangladesh. Furthermore, exploring genomic epidemiology and alternative treatments for <i>Shigella</i> infections is crucial in combating its spread and resistance in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"859-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145451459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Gene Profiling and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> from Farmed Sika Deer in Northern China.","authors":"Shuo Liu, Yan Tang, Yong Wang, Hong-Di Zhuang, Tong Ye, Guang-Rong Bao, He Ma, Ya Qin, Li-Hua Yang, Jian-Ming Li, Xiao-Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1177/15353141251394894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251394894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is an important zoonotic pathogen that can be carried by both humans and small ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the virulence gene profiles and antibiotic resistance characteristics of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolates from farmed sika deer. A total of 10 isolates were obtained from fecal samples, with an overall isolation rate of 2.59%. All strains were identified as type A. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed varying degrees of resistance to tetracycline (10%), tigecycline (50%), penicillin (50%), clindamycin (50%), and metronidazole (50%). Whole-genome sequencing identified 12 virulence-associated genes (including <i>nagK</i>, <i>nagH</i>, <i>colA</i>, <i>cloSI</i>, <i>plc</i>, and <i>pfoA</i>) and 8 resistance genes (<i>tetA</i>(P), <i>tetB</i>(P), <i>ermQ</i>, <i>mprF</i>, etc.). Molecular typing by multilocus sequence typing and core genome multilocus sequence typing uncovered limited clonal spread and substantial genetic diversity, with the majority of isolates (7/10) representing novel sequence types. These findings provide new insights into the genomic characteristics of <i>C. perfringens</i> in farmed sika deer and underscore the potential public health and animal health risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"877-885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145444416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Quercetin on the Accumulation of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Haorong Chen, Xiaofeng Luo, Panpan Liu, Jingge Wang, Junpeng Huang, Guiqin Wang","doi":"10.1177/15353141251394587","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251394587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinolones are one of the most widely used antibiotics globally for the treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections, and resistance to their various generations of drugs occurs. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin on quinolone-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>, triggered by efflux pumps, to assess its potential value as an efflux pump inhibitor. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin for resistant bacteria was determined by the micro broth dilution method, combined with UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, to observe the changes in ciprofloxacin accumulation in the antibiotic-resistant bacteria after treatment with quercetin, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the transcript levels of some efflux pump genes, finally, the whole proteins of <i>S. aureus</i> were extracted by the action of quercetin, following bicinchoninic acid (BCA) quantification, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and overall changes in total protein bands were observed. The results showed that 64-256 µg/mL quercetin significantly increased the accumulation of ciprofloxacin in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, inhibited the efflux of ciprofloxacin by 2-10-fold downregulation of the expression of the efflux pump genes <i>norA</i>, <i>norB</i>, <i>norC</i>, and <i>mepA</i>, and modulated the protein expression profile of <i>S. aureus</i>. This study revealed that quercetin has the potential to act as an efflux pump inhibitor, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"869-876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Contamination Dynamics and Source Tracking in Chinese-Style Pork Meatballs: A Cross-Sectional Industrial Study.","authors":"Minjun Liu, Yaowen Zhang, Xia Chen, Changbin Guo, Honggang Lai","doi":"10.1177/15353141261454998","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261454998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese-style pork meatballs are widely consumed, yet microbial contamination during processing poses risks to food safety and quality. This study investigated bacterial dynamics and potential contamination sources across seven industrial processing stages of Chinese-style pork meatballs. Culture-based enumeration combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a significant decline in total bacterial counts from thawing to cooking (<i>p</i> < 0.05), demonstrating the effectiveness of thermal processing. Total bacterial counts increased to 3.49 ± 0.00 log₁₀ CFU/g during the packaging stage, indicating the occurrence of postcooking contamination. This may be primarily attributed to inadequate sanitation and poor hand hygiene. Microbial community analysis showed <i>Chryseobacterium</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i> were predominant throughout the production chain, while <i>Pseudomonas</i> dominated the packaging stage and final products. Listeriaceae and Weeksellaceae were mainly associated with kneading and thawing stages, respectively. Source tracking indicated that most contamination in final products originated from unidentified sources, reflecting the limitation of SourceTracker when only measured analysis constrained by potential sources is included. These findings highlight critical contamination points in pork meatball processing and provide guidance for targeted hygiene management to improve microbial safety in industrial meat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"886-897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serovar Distribution, Virulence Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chicken Meat from the Broiler Slaughterhouse and Processing Plant in Central Thailand.","authors":"Wattana Pelyuntha, David Yembilla Yamik, Haemarat Khongkhai, Rungarun Chasuepue, Wichanan Wannasrichan, Kitiya Vongkamjan","doi":"10.1177/15353141261453452","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261453452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> species are among the most important foodborne pathogens of public health concern, described by the World Health Organization as high-priority foodborne pathogen causing a wide range of infections. <i>Salmonella</i> harbors numerous virulence genes (VGs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenicity and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this cross-sectional surveillance study aimed to assess the prevalence, serovar distribution, VGs, and phenotypic AMR profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from chicken meat collected from broiler slaughterhouses and a processing plant. A total of 859 chicken meat samples (666 from three slaughterhouses and 193 from a processing plant) were collected and analyzed for <i>Salmonella</i>. The pathogen was detected in 188 of 859 samples (21.9%), with multiple serovars identified among the isolates. The prevalence was 10.9% in the processing plant and ranged from 9 to 39% in slaughterhouses. <i>Salmonella</i> Agona (72/188; 38.30%) and <i>Salmonella</i> Molade (18/188; 9.57%) were frequently detected. Among VGs, <i>sitC</i> was the most prevalent, detected in 98.95% of the isolates, while <i>cdtB</i> was the least, found in 12.23% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion for most antibiotics and broth microdilution for colistin, following CLSI M100 (2021) guidelines. Most strains were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, with resistance rates of 58.4%, 50.0%, 33.5%, 31.9%, and 30.3%, respectively. Colistin showed the lowest resistance rate (7.4%). In contrast, the isolates exhibited high susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (88.8%) and ceftriaxone (86.2%). Overall, multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 45.21% of the isolates. MDR was found across several serovars, especially <i>Salmonella</i> Agona. The high prevalence and diversity of <i>Salmonella</i> and its phenotypic AMR in chicken meat indicate widespread contamination in slaughterhouses and processing plants, underscoring the need for stronger control measures and improved regulation of antimicrobial use in poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"803-810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148014177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}