Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of the Results of Five Consecutive Proficiency Tests Organized by the German National Reference Laboratory for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>.","authors":"Christoph-Martin Ufermann, Marlen Adler, Stefanie Lüth, Sascha Al Dahouk, Sylvia Kleta","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria</i> (<i>L</i>.) <i>monocytogenes</i> is an environmental pathogen that can contaminate a wide variety of food products, leading to foodborne listeriosis outbreaks. In this context, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods of animal and plant origin are of particular relevance as the source of infection. In Germany, the official food and veterinary control laboratories, under the sovereignty of the federal states, examine foodstuffs for the presence of foodborne pathogens, including <i>Listeria</i>. The German National Reference Laboratory for <i>L. monocytogenes</i> regularly organizes inter-laboratory proficiency tests (PTs) to monitor the accuracy and comparability of analyses performed by these official control laboratories. In our study, we provide summary data on frequently contaminated RTE food products in the European Union and present the outcome of five consecutive PTs. RTE food matrices provided by the German National Reference Laboratory for <i>L. monocytogenes</i> included processed meat, fish, vegetable, and dairy products. Overall, the official control laboratories achieved excellent results in the PTs. In total, 91 participants were documented. Flawless results were reported in 93.4% of the cases. Only four times, participants did not pass the PT in the first attempt. By performing official food and veterinary controls along the food chain, control laboratories make a significant contribution to food safety. To keep the excellent standard of the official control laboratories in Germany in line with future challenges in food safety, PTs with relevant RTE food matrices are indispensable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Houseflies as Vectors of ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales: Insights from Hospital Settings in a Low- to Middle-Income Country.","authors":"Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Paul Kwao, Enid Owusu, Gloria Della Tawiah-Abrokwa, Jerry Dzidzornu-Gomez, David Baidoo, Francisca Nana Afua Duah, Sarah Saidu, Appiah-Korang Labi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in communities has been facilitated by direct contact with humans or animal carriers and insects such as houseflies. Houseflies may have an increased risk of human exposure to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, including ESBL-E. In this study, we determined the presence of ESBL-E in houseflies and ready-to-eat food samples from selected food vending sites in five health care facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana. Sixty (60) food vending sites were included in this study. Flies (10) were pooled, and food (5 g) was macerated and homogenized aseptically in brain-heart infusion agar. Suspensions were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with 4 µg/mL cefotaxime for ∼18 h. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBL-E was performed using a combination disk diffusion method, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and direct nucleotide sequencing. Of the 60 food vending sites, 62% (37) of the food vendors had flies within their premises that carried ESBL-E, and 15% (9) of the food samples collected from the vendors were contaminated with ESBL-E. The most predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from housefly samples was <i>Proteus vulgaris</i> (54%) and that of food samples were <i>P. vulgaris</i> (22.5%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (22.5%). All Enterobacterales from flies and food samples harbored an ESBL gene with <i>bla_CTX-M</i>, mostly <i>bla_CTX-M-15</i>, being the predominant gene and gene type, respectively. Houseflies may be potential contributors to the spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminthic Parasites in Slaughtered Small Ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran: Implications for One Health and the Food Industry.","authors":"Mohammadreza Mohammadi, Fariba Najar Hoseini, Giovanni Sgroi, Saeed Bahadory, Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi, Meysam Olfatifar, Ali Asghari, Mohsen Imandar, Amir Javadi, Oskar Nowak, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Milad Badri","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helminthic parasites are a significant concern for the food industry because of their detrimental effects on livestock health and food safety. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence of helminthic parasites in 2250 slaughtered small ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran. The overall infection rate was 56.6%, with sheep (64.9%) exhibiting a higher prevalence compared with goats (41.9%). Cystic echinococcosis (CE) was the most frequently detected parasite, followed by <i>Moniezia expansa</i> and <i>Cysticercus tenuicollis</i>. This study revealed higher susceptibility to infections in male animals and younger sheep, with infections occurring year-round, peaking in spring and summer. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as improved pasture management and deworming strategies, to mitigate economic losses and zoonotic risks. This research contributes significantly to livestock health and food safety efforts in Iran, advocating for integrated control measures within a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Identification, Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Characteristics, and Genome Analysis of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. Isolated from Infant Rice Cereal in Nanchang, China.","authors":"Rui Li, Huifen Jiang, Xiaosi Wang, Pingping Zhai, Xin Wu, Jiajun Wei","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cronobacter</i> spp. are well known to be resistant to osmotic and dry stresses and can persist in a variety of foods. <i>C. sakazakii</i> and <i>C. malonaticus</i> are currently considered to be the primary pathogenic species that cause severe diseases. There are few studies on the prevalence of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. in infant rice cereal. Information on the diversity, pathogenicity, and virulence of <i>Cronobacter</i> species obtained from foods is still relatively scarce and fragmentary. In this article, a total of 67 <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. strains were isolated from infant rice cereal in Nanchang, China. Forty-seven strains of <i>C. sakazakii</i> and 11 strains of <i>C. malonaticus</i> were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resistance to 10 antibiotics was analyzed, showing that all isolates were sensitive except two strains. PCR detection for the five virulence genes (<i>cpa</i>, <i>aut</i>, <i>hly</i>, <i>inv</i>, and <i>sip</i>) and whole genome sequencing were performed. Co-existence of CSA or CMA with <i>ampH</i> was found in <i>C. sakazakii</i> and <i>C. malonaticus</i> strains. Compared with <i>C. sakazakii</i>, <i>C. malonaticus</i> lacked various virulence genes including <i>yeeJ</i>, <i>stjC</i>, and <i>nanAKT</i> genes. Another important observation was the presence of <i>csg</i> in the <i>C. malonaticus</i> genomes, while it was not found in the <i>C. sakazakii.</i> Notably, STs 1, 7, and 4, which are frequently associated with clinical infections, were observed. <i>C. sakazakii</i> and <i>C. malonaticus</i> strains induced higher apoptosis rate in Caco-2 cell in comparison with other <i>Cronobacter</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomics Revealed Novel Chromosomal Integration of Antimicrobial Resistance Cluster <i>tet</i>(B), <i>sul</i>2, <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B, <i>aph(3″</i>)-Ib, and <i>aph(6)</i>-Id in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium.","authors":"Zengfeng Zhang, Mengjun Hu, Kannappan Arunachalam, Chunlei Shi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> has posed a huge threat to food safety and public health, and tetracycline is the commonly used antibiotic for treating salmonellosis. In this study, eight <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolates from diarrhea patients (<i>n</i> = 7) and clam (<i>n</i> = 1) exhibited high-level tetracycline resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration = 128 μg/mL), and these isolates were further resistant to ampicillin and sulfonamides, formatting the R-type ASuT (ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline). Then, these eight isolates were sequenced using PacBio platform, revealing the presence of tetracycline resistance gene <i>tet</i>(B), along with sulfonamide-resistance gene <i>sul</i>2, extended-spectrum-β-lactamase gene <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B, and aminoglycoside resistance genes <i>aph(3″)</i>-Ib and <i>aph(6)</i>-Id on the chromosome, which was associated with R-type ASuT. Four types (A, B1, B2, and C) of genetic arrangement for chromosomally encoding <i>tet</i>(B) were found, inserted into <i>flj</i>BA operon. Type C (<i>flj</i>BA operon-<i>tet</i>(B)-<i>sul</i>2-<i>bla</i>_TEM-1B-<i>aph(3″)</i>-Ib-<i>aph(6)</i>-Id-<i>mer</i>ACDEPTR) was the most common type and was accompanied by various insertion sequences (ISs) (IS<i>26</i>, IS<i>1</i>, and IS<i>Vsa5</i>) and recombinases. Pairwise sequence alignment showed that type C arrangement likely resulted from stepwise acquisitions and rearrangements facilitated by the actions of ISs, followed by integration into the chromosome by prophages. Phylogenomic analysis showed that all eight <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolates from China in this study, along with a human-borne <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolate (DA34821) from Germany and a foodborne <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolate (CFSA629) from China, clustered into a single clade, sharing ≤67 SNPs, which suggested that clone spread occurred. These findings underline the emergence of R-type ASuT in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, which is attributed to the presence of an antimicrobial resistance gene cluster (<i>tet</i>(B), <i>sul</i>2, <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B, <i>aph(3″)</i>-Ib, and <i>aph(6)</i>-Id) encoded on the chromosome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling the Storage Time Is an Effective Measure to Reduce the Risk of Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning Caused by Wet Rice Noodles.","authors":"Zhiting Liu, Can Liu, Hongsheng Chen, Zihui Chen, Panpan Huang, Jiewen Peng, Jian Sun, Jianjun Zhao, Jian Wen, Junhua Liang, Manting Weng, Haiming Guo, Ping Gan, Qiong Huang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In October 2018, bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning cases caused by consuming wet rice noodles contaminated with <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i> were first reported in Guangdong Province, resulting in three cases, and two of them died. Due to the high fatality rate, the Guangdong Health Commission issued a code. The core risk-control elements of the code were storage temperature and storage time management, and the storage time is controlled through adopting a small sealed package with a clearly labeled production date and shelf life. In this study, we followed up on the code's implementation and compared the incidence of related foodborne diseases before and after the implementation of the code. Due to the rarity of <i>B. gladioli</i> contamination, monitoring its prevalence directly was challenging. Therefore, we also assessed the levels of <i>B. cereus</i>, a more common foodborne pathogen in wet rice noodles, to infer trends in microbial contamination. Then the feasible and effective measures to control BKA poisoning caused by wet rice noodles were analyzed. A questionnaire survey revealed that the implementation rate of packaging management-utilizing complete independent small sealed package with clearly marked shelf life to control storage duration-reached 81.25%. However, the adoption rate of cold storage management was only 41.96%. The annual average number of BKA poisoning cases in Guangdong Province dropped from 6.25 before implementing the code to 0.5 after implementing the code. The detection rate of <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>B. cereus</i> in the samples decreased from 1.56% (1/64) to 0.45% (1/220) and 42.26% (71/168) to 5% (11/220), respectively. The reduction of <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>B. cereus</i> may reflect the improvement in microbial status. This study indicated that although the storage temperature control was not ideal, controlling the storage time through adopting a complete independent small sealed package with a clearly marked shelf life could still effectively mitigate BKA poisoning caused by wet rice noodles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Profiles of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Isolates from Nantong, China (2020-2023).","authors":"Qin Shi, Xin Zhang, Di Wang, Weibing Zhang, Xiuxiu Jin, Yihua Sun, Ailong Huang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> poses significant public health and food safety risks due to its environmental resilience and pathogenicity. In this study, we utilized whole-genome sequencing to characterize 15 <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains isolated from Nantong, China (2020-2023), recovered from food and clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the Nantong isolates exhibited high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (93.3%) and oxacillin (66.6%). Of particular concern, isolate NTLM03 exhibited the most extensive resistance profile, demonstrating resistance to six antimicrobials, including clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Seven distinct multilocus sequence types were identified, with ST9 being the most prevalent. Virulence analysis revealed premature stop codons in the <i>inlA</i> gene of all ST9 isolates, a marker indicative of reduced virulence. In contrast, ST87 isolates carried the full-length <i>inlA</i> gene and the complete <i>Listeria</i> Pathogenicity Island-4 (<i>LM9005581_70009</i> to <i>LM9005581_70014</i>), associated with high virulence. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis demonstrated close relatedness (SNPs <20) among isolates from the same batch of meat products (NTLM03, NTLM04, NTLM05), suggesting a potential common contamination source. Furthermore, we examined the genetic relatedness of Nantong isolates with domestic and international <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains. Two characteristic <i>L. monocytogenes</i> plasmids were assembled: the multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmid pNTLM03 and the cadmium-resistant plasmid pNTLM08. Surprisingly, pNTLM03 shared a highly similar MDR region with <i>Listeria innocua</i> plasmids pLI42 and pLI203 from Chinese food sources. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between <i>Listeria</i> species and other genera through various genetic mechanisms may increase the potential for the evolution of resistant <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains, thereby increasing the difficulty of clinical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Foodborne Disease Healthcare-Seeking Behavior and Diagnoses at a Large Academic Medical System.","authors":"James A Barkley, Robert L Scharff, Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat, Barbara Kowalcyk","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0092","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to examine changes in healthcare-seeking behaviors and diagnostic practices around foodborne illness during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large university-based health system. A retrospective cohort study of individuals diagnosed with pathogens commonly transmitted through food between 2015 and 2020 was undertaken using electronic medical record data. Regression models were used to compare measured incidence rates of various foodborne pathogens as well as associated healthcare-seeking behaviors during the pandemic year of 2020 to previous years. Incidence of campylobacteriosis, cholera, and norovirus in 2020 significantly decreased, respectively, by 65.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.01), 90.1% (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and 73.0% (<i>p</i> = 0.03) compared with an average from 2017- to 019. Average annual visits for patients included in our sample significantly increased by 8.0% when comparing the average from 2017-2019 to 2020 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These results suggest that the pandemic impacted healthcare use related to foodborne disease either due to reduced exposure to foodborne pathogens or reduced willingness to seek healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"316-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol in Baijiu Contributes to the Increased Probability of Host Infection by <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Spores.","authors":"Wen Rui, Saiwei Zhong, Xiaoqian Li, Caihong Shen, Xiaonian Cao, Jingpeng Yang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0187","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> and its endospores possess the characteristics of a foodborne pathogen and have been detected at several stages in the food chain. In the presence of an imbalance in host intestinal ecology, <i>C. difficile</i> can proliferate and cause intestinal infections. Multiple food source factors can substantially alter the host's gut ecosystem, including the consumption of baijiu. However, it remains to be known whether the gut ecological changes induced by the consumption of baijiu increase the risk of <i>C. difficile</i> invasion and infection. In this study, <i>C. difficile</i> cells were exposed to two commercially available baijiu to evaluate the effect of baijiu on <i>C. difficile</i> cells and to verify through a mouse model. The results showed that baijiu effectively inhibited the growth and biofilm production of <i>C. difficile</i>, downregulated the expression levels of <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i> virulence genes but upregulated the expression level of spore-producing genes <i>Spo0A</i>, enhanced the spore production, as well as increased <i>C. difficile</i> cell adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The mouse model showed that the intake of baijiu promoted the invasion and infection of <i>C. difficile</i> spores, causing damage to the cecum tissue, accompanied by an increase in the gut lipid carrier protein-2 (Lcn-2) and TcdA toxin protein levels. Simultaneously, cholic acid was elevated, whereas deoxycholic acid was decreased. This study is the first to find a possible link between baijiu intake and <i>C. difficile</i> spore invasion and infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"350-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobiota, Total Aflatoxins, And Ochratoxin A of Black And Green Cumin.","authors":"Helal F Al-Harthi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0096","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of the medical importance of cumin as well as it being one of the food additives to many Saudi dishes, there was a need to study the fungal load of this type of spice. This study aimed to determine the mycological profile of the retail black and green cumin distributed in different markets at western region, Saudi Arabia, using the dilution plat method on dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar and incubation at 25°C. Using morphological criteria and molecular markers (internal transcribed spacer sequence), 39 species belonging to 18 genera were collected from different black cumin (33 species belonging to 17 genera) and green cumin (25 species belonging to 9 genera). <i>Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, Cladosporium cladosporioides,</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i> were the most prevalent. Black cumin harbors fungal counts reaching 545 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, while green cumin included 500 CFU/g. Also, the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was also measured. Seventy-two cumin samples (90% of tested samples) showed toxin contamination. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A ranged from 9.35 to 3.9 PPB in black cumin samples and from 4.08 to 5.75 PPB in green cumin samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}