Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Sample Type and Processing Plant Differences in the Proportion of Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 and Non-O157 Serogroups in Feces and on Hides of Cull Dairy Cattle at Slaughter.","authors":"David O Edache, Tariku J Beyene, Joaquin Baruch, Xiaorong Shi, Michael W Sanderson, T G Nagaraja, Dmitriy Smolensky, Natalia Cernicchiaro","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted to determine the proportion and concentration of enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EHEC) O157 and six non-O157 (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) serogroups and identify seasonal and processing plant differences in feces and on hides of cull dairy cattle processed in commercial slaughterhouses in the United States. Approximately 60 rectal and 60 hide-on samples from matched carcasses were collected in each of three processing plants, in two periods; summer of 2017 and spring of 2018. Samples before enrichment were spiral plated to quantify EHEC, and postenriched samples underwent culture methods that included immuno-magnetic separation, plating on selective media, and PCR assays for identification and serogroup confirmation of putative isolates. An isolate was considered EHEC O157 positive if it harbored serogroup-specific (<i>rfbE</i>), Shiga toxin (<i>stx</i>1 and/or <i>stx</i>2), and intimin (<i>eae</i>) genes and EHEC non-O157 positive if at least one of the non-O157 serogroup-specific, <i>stx</i>1 and/or <i>stx</i>2, and <i>eae</i> genes was identified. Generalized linear mixed models were fitted to estimate overall proportion of positives for EHEC O157 and non-O157 EHEC serogroups, as well as seasonal and processing plant differences in fecal and hide-on proportion of positives. The fecal EHEC proportion at the sample level was 1.8% (95% CI = 0.0-92.2%) and 4.2% (95% CI = 0.0-100.0%) for EHEC O157 and EHEC non-O157, respectively. Hide sample level proportion of positives was 3.0% (95% CI = 0.0-99.9%) for EHEC O157 and 1.6% (95% CI = 0.0-100.0%) for EHEC non-O157. The proportion of EHEC O157 and non-O157 significantly differed by processing plant and sample type (hide vs. feces), but not by season. The association between proportion of EHEC serogroups in feces with the proportion on hides collected from matched cattle was 7.8% (95% CI = 0.6-53.3%) and 3.8% (95% CI = 0.3-30.8%) for EHEC O157 and non-O157, respectively. Taken together, our findings provide evidence of a low proportion of EHEC serogroups in the feces and on hides of cull dairy cattle and that their proportion varies across processing plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"698-707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition to Whole Genome Sequencing Surveillance: The Impact on National Outbreak Detection and Response for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Shigella</i> Clusters in Canada, 2015-2021.","authors":"Vanessa Morton, Rima Kandar, Ashley Kearney, Meghan Hamel, Celine Nadon","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0041","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 2017 and 2019, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was replaced by whole genome sequencing (WGS) for identifying enteric disease clusters in Canada. The number and characteristics of all clusters of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC), and <i>Shigella</i> spp. between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed. Following the transition to WGS, an increase in the number of <i>Salmonella</i>, STEC, and <i>Shigella</i> clusters was noted, whereas the number of clusters of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> decreased. Unlike previous subtyping methods, WGS provided increased resolution to identify discrete clusters of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis. This led to the identification of a number of outbreaks linked to frozen raw breaded chicken products and ultimately a change in food safety policy to reduce the number of illnesses associated with these products. Other pathogens did not experience a similar increase in the number of outbreaks detected. Although WGS did provide increased confidence in the genetic relatedness of cases and isolates, challenges remained in collecting epidemiological data to link these illnesses to a common source.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"689-697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PruΔcdpk2 Protects Pigs Against Acute Toxoplasmosis Depending on T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cell Responses.","authors":"Yi-Min Fan, Wen-Qian Shi, Qi-Wang Jin, Ming Pan, Zhao-Feng Hou, Lizhi Fu, Jian-Ping Tao, Si-Yang Huang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a widespread protozoan parasite approximately infecting one-third of the world population and can cause serious public health problems. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of the attenuated vaccine Pru:Δcdpk2 against acute toxoplasmosis and explored the underlying immune mechanisms of the protection in pigs. The systemic T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses were analyzed, including kinetics, phenotype, and multifunctionality (interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), and the IFN-γ levels were analyzed in PBMCs. Our results showed that <i>T. gondii</i>-specific antibodies were induced by Pru:Δcdpk2. After challenging with RH, the antibodies were able to respond quickly in the immunized group, and the expression level was significantly higher than that in the unimmunized group. The expression level of IFN-γ significantly increased after vaccination, and the CD3+ γδ-, NK, and CD3+ γδ+ cell subsets also significantly increased. At the same time, functional analysis indicated that these cells were polarized toward a Th1 phenotype, showing the ability to secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. The CD4+CD8α-T cell population exhibited a higher frequency of IFN-γ+ producing cells compared with the CD4-CD8α+ and CD4+CD8α+ cell populations during the early days of vaccination. Our results indicated that the attenuated vaccine could induce the expression of NK, γδ, and CD3αβ cells in pigs, and IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by these cells are important for resistance to <i>T. gondii</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"673-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Detection of the CP4-EPSPS Protein in Genetically Modified Soybeans Using a Novel Fluorescence Immunoassay Assay.","authors":"Xue Xu, Lu Jin, Xiaolei Zhu, Jiong Li","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0024","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-based detection methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and lateral flow strips, have been widely used for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). However, the traditional ELISA method for the quantitative detection of GMOs has certain limitations. Herein, a quantum dot (QD)-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using QDs as fluorescent markers for the detection of glyphosate-resistant protein (CP4-EPSPS) in the MON89788 soybean. The end-point fluorescent detection system was carried out using QDs conjugated with a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Compared with the conventional sandwich ELISA method, the newly developed fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay was highly sensitive and accurate for detecting the CP4-EPSPS protein. The quantified linearity was achieved in the range of 0.05-5% (w/w) for the MON89788 soybean sample. The recovery of protein extracted from mixed MON89788 soybean samples ranged from 87.67% to 116.83%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.7101 and 2.152 pg/mL, respectively. All of the results indicated that the QD-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay was a highly specific and sensitive method for monitoring the CP4-EPSPS protein in GMOs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"717-723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Phage Candidates for Targeting Prevalent Sequence Types of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Md Shamsuzzaman, Shukho Kim, Yoon-Jung Choi, Bokyung Kim, Ram Hari Dahal, Minsang Shin, Jungmin Kim","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0023","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (CREC) is a global threat to public health; therefore, alternative treatment options are urgently needed. Bacteriophages have emerged as promising candidates for combating CREC infections. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of phage sensitivity in CREC by evaluating carbapenem resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> isolated in Daegu, South Korea and analyzing their sequence types (STs) with phage susceptibility spectra. Among the 60 MDR <i>E. coli</i> isolates, 80.4% were identified as CREC, with 77.0% demonstrating resistance to imipenem and 66.6% to meropenem. Moreover, 70 lytic <i>E. coli</i> bacteriophages were isolated from hospital sewage water and evaluated against those <i>60 E. coli</i> isolates. The phages exhibited lytic activity of 33%-60%, with average titers ranging from 5.6 × 10¹² to 2.4 × 10¹³ PFU/mL (Plaque-Forming Unit). Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of the bacterial isolates revealed 14 distinct STs, mostly belonging to ST131, ST410, and ST648. Notably, the phage susceptibility spectra of ST73, ST13003, ST648, ST2311, ST167, ST405, ST607, ST7962, and ST131 were significantly different. Thus, the isolated phages can effectively lyse CREC isolates, particularly those with clinically dominant STs. Conversely, ST410 exhibited a 14.2%-87.14% susceptibility spectrum, whereas ST1139, ST1487, ST10, and ST206 did not lyse, suggesting the presence of more resistant STs. Future studies are warranted to identify the reasons behind this resistance and address it. Ultimately, this study will aid in developing focused treatments to address these pressing global health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"681-688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> on Gut Morphology, Antioxidant Indices, and Gut Microbiome of Mice Under Heat Stress.","authors":"Caiyu Luo, Yingzhu Du, Rongxia Zhu, Qien Qi, Shumeng Luo, Xin Feng","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional manipulations can reduce the detrimental effects of heat stress on animal health and production. <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (AM) is an innovative beneficial bacteria and can be used for conventional use as dietary supplements and pharmaceutical application. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering AM on gut morphology, antioxidant indices, and gut microbiome of mice during heat stress. A total of 24 BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three groups including the control group (CON), heat stress group (HS), and AM administration under heat stress group (AM). Our results showed heat stress significantly increased the water consumption of mice. Administration of AM did not improve feed intake or weight gain. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as antioxidant parameters were not different among the three groups. Heat stress decreased the jejunal villus height, and AM could reverse this effect. AM administration significantly increased the relative abundance of <i>Verrucomicrobiota</i> at the phylum level. At the genus level, heat stress and AM groups tended to have a lower abundance of <i>Alloprevotella</i>. In addition, AM tended to increase the relative abundance of <i>[Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group</i> in comparison with the other two groups. In summary, administration of AM can alleviate the damage of heat stress to the jejunum. However, it has no effect on serum antioxidant parameters, and its effect on the cecal microbiota is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"724-730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium Growth on Chicken Breast Fillets Under Simulated Less-Than-Truckload Dynamic Temperature Abuse.","authors":"Charles B Herron, Mark Tamplin, Aftab Siddique, Bet Wu, Micah Telah Black, Laura Garner, Tung-Shi Huang, Shashank Rao, Amit Morey","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0018","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Companies may have insufficient freight to fill an entire truck/trailer, and instead only pay for space that their products occupy (i.e., \"less-than-truckload\" shipping; LTL). As LTL delivery vehicles make multiple stops, there is an increased opportunity for product temperature abuse, which may increase microbial food safety risk. To assess LTL effects on <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium growth, commercially produced boneless skinless chicken breast fillets were inoculated and incubated under dynamic 2-h temperature cycles (i.e., 2 h at 4°C and then 2 h at 25°C), mimicking a commercially relevant LTL scenario. Bacterial kinetics were measured over 24 h and then observations compared with predictions of three published <i>Salmonella</i> secondary models by bias and accuracy factor measurement. One model produced more \"fail-safe\" estimates of <i>Salmonella</i> growth than the other models, although all models were defined as \"acceptable.\" These developed tertiary models can help shippers assess supply chain performance and produce proactive food safety risk management systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"708-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> Species Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis.","authors":"Abu Al Farabi, Hemayet Hossain, Khadiza A Brishty, Md Hafizar Rahman, Mostafizor Rahman, Md Saiful Islam Siddiqui, Mohammad Atikuzzaman, Asmaa Saleh, Reem Binsuwaidan, Heba Mohammed Refat M Selim, Ayman Noreddin, Yosra A Helmy, Md Mahfujur Rahman, Himel Barua, Mohamed E El Zowalaty","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0097","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a prevalent serious disease among dairy cows worldwide. It poses a significant challenge to the dairy industry, animal welfare, and a threat to public health. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular detection, prevalence, and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. isolated from raw composite milk samples obtained from SCM dairy cattle in Bangladesh. A total of 612 quarters milk samples obtained from 153 cows were analyzed for SCM using the California Mastitis Test. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out and bacterial species were confirmed using molecular polymerase chain reaction methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion method. The findings revealed that the prevalence of SCM was 70.3% (26/37), 35.95% (55/153), and 23.04% (141/612) in the herd, cow, and quarter levels, respectively. Among the positive samples, 92.7% (51/55) were <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (<i>S. aureus, S. chromogenes</i>, and <i>S. simulans</i>) and the remaining isolates were 7.3% (4/55) <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i>). The most prevalent species was <i>S. chromogenes,</i> accounting for 67.3% (37/55). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 65.5% of isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin, whereas, 89.1% were resistant to penicillin. Overall, 12 isolates (21.8%) out of 55 were resistant to more than three classes of antimicrobials and were defined as multidrug-resistant isolates. Methicillin-resistance gene was detected in 61.1% of the cefoxitin-resistant isolates. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified five potential risk factors including the lack of post-milking teat disinfection (OR: 3.06), absence of immediate feeding after milking (OR: 9.81), poor udder hygiene (OR: 7.83), tick infestation (OR: 13.76), and absence of dry cow therapy (OR: 3.31). The findings of the current study underscore the urgent requirement for targeted interventions, considering the identified factors to effectively manage and control SCM in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and Its Extracellular Vesicles Against Ethanol-Induced Intestinal Injury.","authors":"Meiying Luo, Suqian Li, Junhang Sun, Limin Wei, Xin Feng, Huihua Zhang, Qien Qi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we examined the impact of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (<i>E. faecium,</i> Efm) and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on intestinal morphological structure, antioxidant function, inflammatory response, and permeability in rats. In a 5-day feeding experiment, a total of 72 female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allotted into nine groups with eight rats per group. The study was conducted in three parts. First, we examined the impact of Efm on ethanol-induced intestinal injury. Second, we investigated the protective effects of various active components of bacterial culture on intestinal function <i>in vivo</i>. Third, we explored the impact of Efm with elevated EV secretion on intestinal function. The rats were treated by gavage administration (5 mL/kg body weight [BW]) every other day for a total of three times. After the last treatment at 2 h, the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group received 5 mL/kg BW of PBS orally, whereas the other groups were orally administered 5 mL/kg BW of absolute ethanol to induce intestinal injury. After the feeding trial, eight rats per treatment were collected for intestinal samples. Our findings demonstrate that pretreatment with Efm can reverse morphological alterations in intestinal tissues, enhance superoxide dismutase/malondialdehyde levels, increase intestinal permeability, and reduce the inflammation levels, thereby regulating intestinal damage. Pretreatment with EfmEVs reversed the detrimental effects of ethanol-induced intestinal damage, displaying a discernible decline in inflammation, augmented permeability, and bolstered antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the release of EVs contributes to the intestinal safeguarding mechanism of Efm. EVs act as mediators in Efm's protective response against ethanol-induced intestinal injury by mitigating inflammation and enhancing antioxidant activity. The Clinical Trial Registration Number: FOSU210403.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Cross Contamination, Virulence, and Multidrug Resistance Profiles of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates from Four Middle-Scale Dairy Farms in Bareilly, Northern India.","authors":"Javed Ahamad Khan, Iqbal Ahmad, Rubina Gill, Fohad Mabood Husain, Thamer Albalawi, Pravej Alam, Tilahun Kenea, Oda Gizaw, Leena A Neyaz, Khaled Elbanna, Hussein H Abulreesh","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Milk, a nutritious global important food commodity, serves as an excellent medium for microbial growth as well. The foodborne pathogen <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a commensal member of human microflora that enters the food chain through poor hygienic practices and cross contamination and causes various clinical manifestations in humans. During this study, raw milk and swab samples (milker's hand, udder, towel, milking bucket, and farm floor) were collected from four middle-scale buffalo dairy farms. The results revealed <i>S. aureus</i> presence in 11.6% (<i>n</i> = 56/448) bucket raw milk samples and 2.6% (<i>n</i> = 12/448) udder raw milk samples. Contrarily, <i>S. aureus</i> prevalence was significantly higher in farm floors (100%, <i>n</i> = 84/84), towel (35.7%, <i>n</i> = 10/28), milking bucket (11.6%, <i>n</i> = 56/448), milker's hand (10.7%, <i>n</i> = 3/28), and udder swab samples (4.0%, <i>n</i> = 18/448). The chi-square test yielded <i>p</i> values of 0.000, 0.005, and 0.0011 for udder raw milk, udder swab, and milker's hand swab, respectively. The <i>p</i> values of the milking bucket (<i>p</i> = 0.048) and farm floors (<i>p</i> = 0.0183) confirmed their possible role in <i>S. aureus</i> cross contamination. Gene amplifications of nuclease and enterotoxin A indicate potential virulence of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates in collected samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed multidrug resistance in 44% (<i>n</i> = 239) of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates with the highest resistance of 61% against penicillin. Resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, and lincomycin was observed. Fewer <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were resistant to kanamycin and erythromycin, whereas the lowest number of resistant isolates was observed against chloramphenicol. A high prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> in the farm environment and milking equipment suggested the cross contamination of potentially enterotoxin-producing and multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> to raw milk. Therefore, good hygiene practices should be enforced to avoid foodborne and zoonotic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}