Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Construction of a Colorimetric and Fluorescence Dual-Mode Immunoassay Detection of Alpha-Hemolysin in Milk.","authors":"Xu Xu, Pengfei Zhang, Fuqian Ruan, Guanhong Chang, Ting Zhou, DiShi Chen, Li Li, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0106","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alpha-hemolysin (Hla) is a major virulence factor secreted by <i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i>, which can lyse a variety of mammalian cells and help bacteria evade the host immune system or antibiotics, posing a safety hazard to human health. Therefore, it is critical to establish a quick-responsive and sensitive method for Hla detection to ensure food safety. In this work, a dual-mode immunoassay was developed with both colorimetric and fluorescent readouts for discriminative detection of Hla. The proposed sensing system consists of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and fluorescein, where fluorescein functions as a fluorescent reporter, and PPD serves a dual function as a colorimetric reporter and fluorescence quencher. Subsequently, the reaction system of this method was optimized, and the detection limit, sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method possesses excellent analytical performance in the range from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL with a limit of detection as low as 0.5 ng/mL. Noteworthy, this method was successfully employed for the detection of Hla in milk with good selectivity and high accuracy. Overall, the dual-mode immunoassay provides a superior platform for the on-site, quantitative, and accurate detection of Hla in food samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of Four Foodborne Pathogens by TaqMan Multiplex Real-Time PCR.","authors":"Yinlei Xue, Shengfang He, Meng Li, Yuanhao Qiu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0134","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A TaqMan multiplex real-time PCR (mRT-PCR) was developed to detect simultaneously <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Listeria monocytogene</i>s in food samples. The method involves four sets of primers and probes tailored to the unique DNA sequences found in the <i>invA</i>, <i>nuc</i>, <i>rfbE</i>, and <i>hly</i> genes of each pathogen. The generated standard curves, correlating gene copy numbers with Ct values, demonstrated high accuracy (<i>R</i>² > 0.99) and efficiency (92%-104%). Meanwhile, the limit of detection was 10⁰ CFU/mL for the four target bacteria in artificially contaminated food samples after 6-8 h of enrichment. The assay's effectiveness was further verified by testing 80 naturally contaminated food samples, showing results largely in agreement with traditional culture methods. Overall, this newly developed TaqMan mRT-PCR, inclusive of a pre-enrichment step, proves to be a dependable and effective tool for detecting single or multiple pathogens in diverse food items, offering significant potential for <i>in vitro</i> diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"193-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion of Nox from <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Strain EGDe Enhances Bacterial Virulence and Reduces the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammatory Factors <i>In Vivo</i>.","authors":"Dezhi Li, Wenwen Ma, Guowei Chen, Zhiqiang Huang, Qing Liu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0125","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The foodborne pathogens have a serious threat to human health, especially <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is involved in cellular respiration and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as messengers to host cells during the infection. However, the role of <i>nox</i> in the process of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> infection is unclear. In this study, we examined the impact of <i>nox</i> in <i>L. monocytogenes</i> by gene deletion. The results of cell experiment showed that knocking out <i>nox</i> from <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strain EGDe resulted in a twofold increase invasion ability to Caco-2 cells compared with that of wild-type strain (WT), but did not affect adhesion ability. Animal infection assays also showed that bacterial loads in the liver and spleen of mice challenged with EGDe-Δ<i>nox</i> were approximately two times higher compared with those challenged with the WT strain. On the one hand, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that deletion of <i>nox</i> leads to upregulation of genes related to the internalization of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> (<i>inlA</i>, <i>inlB</i>, and <i>inlC</i>). More importantly, the expression of listeriolysin-positive regulatory (<i>prfA</i>) gene increased by three times <i>in vivo</i> compared with that of WT. On the other hand, the deletion of <i>nox</i> resulted in a reduction of the upregulation of proinflammatory factors in EGDe-Δ<i>nox</i> compared with the WT and complementary strains. Thus, our study revealed that <i>nox</i> affected the virulence of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> by upregulating the expression of virulence genes and regulating the production of ROS and inflammatory factors <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Optimization of a <i>yst</i>-PCR to Detect <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> in Meat Food.","authors":"Anna C Mastrodonato, Walter Lapadula, Maximiliano Juri-Ayub, María E Escudero, Gabriela I Favier, Cecilia S M Lucero-Estrada","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0126","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directed to the <i>yst</i> chromosomal gene (<i>yst</i>-PCR) was used as a rapid, sensitive, and specific method to detect <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> strains belonging to different biotypes in foods; a competitive Internal Amplification Control (cIAC) is also developed. The cIAC had a molecular weight of 417 bp and was detected until a concentration of 0.85 ng/μL. No other strains of other <i>Yersinia</i> species, nor <i>Enterobacteriales</i> order were detected by this PCR. In pure culture, the detection limit (DL) of the <i>yst</i>-PCR was lower for <i>ystA</i>⁺ strain (10 colony-forming unit [CFU]/mL) than for <i>ystB</i>⁺ strain (1 × 10² CFU/mL); which was the concentration detected in <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> inoculated minced meat. The proposed protocol included an enrichment step in peptone sorbitol bile (PSB) broth at 25°C for 24 h followed by isolation on Mac Conkey agar and chromogenic medium. An aliquot of the PSB broth homogenate and a loopful from the confluent zone of solid media were collected to perform DNA extraction for <i>yst</i>-PCR, and typical colonies were characterized by biochemical assays. Among 30 non-contaminated food samples, 4 samples were <i>yst-</i>positive and no <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> isolates were obtained. It is suggested that this <i>yst</i>-PCR could be used in the investigation of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> in foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Molecular Typing of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Guangdong, South China.","authors":"Chenqing Zhou, Ling Zhao, Juan Zhang, Yan Qi, Baoying Huang, Zhiyun She","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0116","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global popularity of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods for their convenience simultaneously brings along a risk, as these products can be contaminated with various microorganisms, including potentially harmful pathogens. We aimed to investigate the food contamination of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) in RTE foods in Guangdong, South China. All <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were subjected to characterization through antimicrobial susceptibility tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and PCR analysis for detecting <i>mec</i> and <i>blaZ</i> genes. A total of 824 RTE food samples were collected from 2017 to 2022, of which 73 (8.9%) were found to be contaminated with <i>S. aureus</i>. Contamination levels were mostly in the range of 0.3-1.0 most probable number (MPN)/g, with 10 samples exceeding 110 MPN/g. Of the 73 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 10 were identified as methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA). In MRSA, resistance was most frequently observed to penicillin (100%, 10/10), followed by erythromycin (80.0%, 8/10) and tetracycline (70%, 7/10). And in methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA), resistance was most frequently observed to penicillin (98.4%, 62/63), followed by tetracycline (30.2%, 19/63) and erythromycin (23.8%, 15/63). Overall, 98.6% (72/73) of the isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas 31.5% (23/73) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Fifty-seven <i>S. aureus</i> isolates harbored the penicillin-resistant gene <i>blaZ</i>, and 10 isolates carried the <i>mec</i> gene. In addition, 30.1% of the isolates harbored genes for classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), with <i>seb</i> being the most frequently detected SE gene. MLST revealed that the 73 isolates belonged to 14 different sequence types (STs), the most prevalent of which was ST7. In MRSA, the most common prevalent clone is ST6, and in MSSA, ST7 was the most common isolates. The prevalent multidrug resistance indicates that the resistance situation of foodborne <i>S. aureus</i> in Guangdong is severe, posing a potential threat to consumer safety and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Agona Isolated from Food-Producing Animals During 2010-2020 in South Korea.","authors":"Hyun-Ju Song, Sekendar Ali, Bo-Youn Moon, Hee Young Kang, Eun Jeong Noh, Tae-Sun Kim, Su-Jeong Kim, Ji-In Kim, Yun Jin Lee, Soon-Seek Yoon, Suk-Kyung Lim","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0117","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Agona infections affect public health globally. This investigation aimed to ascertain the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Agona isolates obtained from food-producing animals. A total of 209 <i>Salmonella</i> Agona isolates were recovered from mostly chickens (139 isolates), pigs (56 isolates), cattle (11 isolates), and ducks (3 isolates) between 2010 and 2020 in South Korea. In addition, these <i>Salmonella</i> Agona isolates were obtained from 25 slaughterhouses nationwide. Furthermore, this serotype suddenly increased in chickens in 2020. <i>Salmonella</i> Agona from chickens showed high resistance (69-83%) to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, chicken/duck isolates (83.1%) showed significantly higher levels of MDR than cattle/pig isolates (1.5%). For molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy biotyping, and multilocus sequence typing in combination, a total of 23 types were observed. Especially two major types, P1-III-2-13 and P1-IV-2-13, comprised 59.3% of the total isolates spreading in most farms. Moreover, <i>Salmonella</i> Agona sequence type (ST)13 was predominant (96.7%) among three different STs (ST13, ST11, and ST292) widely detected in chickens (94.3%) in most farms located nationwide. Taken together, MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Agona in chickens might pose a potential risk to public health through direct contact or the food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Bovine Sources Encoding the Fosfomycin Resistance Gene <i>fosA7</i>.5.","authors":"Bradd J Haley, Seon Woo Kim, Jo Ann Van Kessel","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0132","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dairy animals are reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> that are frequently resistant to tetracycline, aminoglycoside, β-lactam, sulfonamide, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics. However, resistance to other classes of antimicrobials is less frequently observed, and resistance to fosfomycin is rarely observed in <i>E. coli</i>. In this study, we describe the genomic characteristics of <i>E. coli</i> encoding <i>fosA7.5</i> that have been recovered from bovine sources in the United States. Most isolates only encoded the <i>fosA7.5</i> gene, whereas 37% encoded at least one other resistance gene, and 25% were genotypically multidrug-resistant. Most (112 isolates, 93%) belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and were assigned to 19 sequence types (STs), the most frequently identified being ST1727, ST2307, and ST3234. Results of this study indicate that <i>fosA</i>-encoding <i>E. coli</i> from bovine sources is very rare in the United States with isolates demonstrating a high level of similarity across a broad geographic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Association Between Latent <i>Toxoplasma Gondii</i> Infection and Opioid Abuse: A Registry-Based Sero-Molecular Case-Control Study.","authors":"Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Abbasi, Masoud Vatanpour, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Shahram Divsalar, Zahra Hosseininejad, Zakaria Zakariaei","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2023.0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan that can cause neurological and psychiatric disorders, potentially impacting human emotional behavior. This study aimed to explore serological and molecular evidence of <i>T. gondii</i> infection in opioid abusers in northern Iran. In this case-control study, opioid abusers who were referred to substance abuse rehabilitation centers in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from the participants to perform a serological assay to detect <i>T. gondii</i> IgG and IgM antibodies. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was also conducted on buffy coats of the blood samples. The study comprised a total of 474 participants, with 239 individuals being opioid abusers and 235 healthy individuals serving as the control group. The results indicated that 163 opioid abusers (68.2%) were positive for <i>T. gondii</i> IgG, whereas 76 (31.8%) were negative. Among the control group, 63 individuals (26.8%) tested positive for <i>T. gondii</i> IgG, whereas 172 (73.2%) tested negative. This difference was statistically significant according to <i>p</i> = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-4.15. In addition, 7.1% (17/239) of the case and 2.1% (5/235) of the control groups were PCR positive for <i>Toxoplasma</i> DNA. This difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.01; OR = 2.96; 95%; CI = 0.94-7.01). In contrast, all of the participants were negative for <i>T. gondii</i> IgM antibodies. Our findings demonstrated that the sero-molecular prevalence of latent <i>T. gondii</i> infection in opioid abusers is significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. This suggests a potential correlation between <i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody positivity and PCR results with opioid abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Occurrence and Rapid Spread of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis in Broiler Flocks in Korea.","authors":"So-Hee Lee, O-Mi Lee, Sung-Il Kang, Moon Her, Min-Su Kang, Myeongju Chae, Min-Goo Seo","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> Infantis has recently been one of the most prevalent serotypes in poultry and has been identified in human salmonellosis cases worldwide. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis has emerged as a significant threat to both poultry production and public health due to its increasing prevalence and global dissemination. We identified the occurrence of an MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis clone in broiler flocks in Korea, and the clone was characterized to explore potential genetic causes for its high prevalence and rapid spread in broiler production. In total, 220 <i>Salmonella</i> strains isolated between 2020 and 2023 from broiler flocks were serotyped, and 50 strains were identified as <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis (22.7%). The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and their genetic characteristics were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Forty-six strains of <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis isolated since 2020 were resistant to at least five antimicrobial families including ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. The strains showed 10 PFGE patterns and a single multilocus sequence type 32. Eight representative MDR strains were analyzed by WGS. Seven of the eight strains carried the plasmid of emerging <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis-like megaplasmids recognized globally in emergent MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis. They had a high prevalence of seven antimicrobial resistance genes, six of which were identified in plasmids. Also, they all share virulence genes, including fimbrial adherence determinants and secretion system components, and showed a clonal relationship to strains from North America, South America, and West Asia, suggesting potential international dissemination routes. To mitigate the risks associated with the rapid spread of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis in poultry production and its potential impact on human health, this study provides valuable insights into implementing effective control measures to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> in broiler production in Korea. Further highlighting the critical importance of enhanced biosecurity and continuous surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the Six Major Non-O157 Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia Coli</i> in Food Marketed in Morocco.","authors":"Bouchra Ouarroud, Mohammed El Maadoudi, Ayoub Kounnoun, Lamyaa El Mamoun, Amina Barakat","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The six major non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are responsible for serious foodborne outbreaks worldwide. This research aimed to detect the six major non-O157 STEC in ground beef, artisanal dairy products, lettuce, spinach, turkey, and chicken sold in northern Morocco. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to identify the presence of the <i>stx1</i>, <i>stx2</i>, <i>eae</i>, <i>wzx O26</i>, <i>wzx O45</i>, <i>wzx O103</i>, <i>wbdl O111</i>, <i>wzx O121</i>, and <i>ihp1 O145</i> genes. Out of 310 samples analyzed, Shiga toxin (<i>stx)</i> was detected in 55 enrichments (17.74%), <i>stx,</i> and <i>eae</i> were detected in 54/310 enrichments (17.42%), <i>stx</i>, <i>eae,</i> and genes of at least one of the six serogroups were detected in 34/310 enrichments (10.97%). Among the food matrices analyzed, ground beef showed the highest contamination rate with <i>stx</i>, <i>eae,</i> and O serogroups 13/70 (18.6%), followed by dairy 17/100 (17.00%), turkey 3/40 (7.5%), and chicken 1/40 (2.5%). No O serogroups were detected in lettuce and spinach. The most frequent serogroup was O26 (22/34; 64.7%), followed by O145 (12/34; 35.3%), O45 (12/34; 35.3%), O121 (8/34; 23.5%), O103 (8/34; 23.5%), and O111 (6/34; 17.6%). A set of 32 STEC strains were isolated from nine positive samples (9/34; 26.5%). A high rate of food contamination with STEC may indicate firstly a high public health risk due to this pathogen in beef and dairy products and secondly a lack of compliance with standard hygiene practices. Consequently, it emphasizes the urgent need for rigorous monitoring and intervention measures aimed at mitigating the incidence of STEC contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}