Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Emergence and Characterization of the High-Level Tigecycline Resistance Gene <i>tet</i>(X4) in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Rissen from Food in China.","authors":"Hongzhi Zhang, Wenjie Chen, Xiaoyu Lu, Yingying Liang, Xiao Quan, Xin Liu, Tianqi Shi, Ying Yu, Ruichao Li, Huanyu Wu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0101","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plasmid-mediated <i>tet</i>(X4) gene has exhibited a high-level resistance to tigecycline (TGC), which has raised concerns globally regarding antibiotic resistance. Although the widespread <i>tet</i>(X4) has been found widely in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, it is scarcely found in other Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to characterize a ST469 <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Rissen (<i>S.</i> Rissen) isolate harboring <i>tet</i>(X4) from pork, which was identified and characterized via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, plasmid curing testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. Ten ST469 <i>S.</i> Rissen isolates of 223 <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates were isolated from food samples in China during 2021-2023. One of 10 <i>S</i>. Rissen isolates, SM2301, carrying <i>tet</i>(X4) conferred high-level resistance to TGC (minimum inhibitory concentration > 8 µg/mL). The <i>tet</i>(X4) could be conjugated into different recipients, including <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. enteritidis</i>, and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates. Plasmid curing confirmed that <i>tet</i>(X4) was plasmid-mediated. Genetic analysis revealed that the <i>tet</i>(X4) in the SM2301 isolate was located in the IncFIA(HI1)-IncHI1A-IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid, and the structure of <i>tet</i>(X4) was <i>abh</i>-<i>tet</i>(X4)-IS<i>CR2</i>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a <i>tet</i>(X4)-positive food-derived <i>S. Rissen</i> isolate. The extending bacterial species of <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids suggested the increasing transmission risk of the mobile TGC resistance gene <i>tet</i>(X4) beyond <i>E. coli</i>. This study highlights the emerging and evolution risk of novel resistance genes across various bacterial species. Therefore, further surveillance is warranted to monitor the prevalence of <i>tet</i>(X4) in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and other bacterial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"405-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Activity and Mechanism of High-Voltage Prick Electric Field Against <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> on Gelatin Plates and Selected Food Systems.","authors":"Haiyang Yan, Shuanglin Liu, Youhua Xian, Qingyan Liu, Yan Zhang, Yuan Yuan","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0054","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study assesses the antibacterial effect of a high-voltage prick electric field (HVPEF) on <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> on gelatin plates and selected food systems. The results showed that <i>S. enteritidis</i> were susceptible to HVPEF treatment, with a mortality rate of 98% on the gelatin plate at 13 kV for 15 min. The survival rate of <i>S. enteritidis</i> decreased linearly with time and then stabilized after a sharp decline. The morphological change and the loss of internal nucleic acids and proteins suggest that the cell membrane was damaged by HVPEF, appearing more permeable and less fluid. Compared with the untreated group, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde increased significantly in the treated groups. Flow cytometry results suggest that DNA was severely damaged, which led to cell death, as shown by the elevated levels of intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation. The death rate of <i>S. enteritidis</i> on the food surface significantly rose with the increase of HVPEF intensity, reaching 91 ± 1.6% (salmon), 88.2 ± 2.2% (chicken breast), 72.9 ± 2.7% (sausage), and 66.9 ± 1.6% (steak), respectively, at 14 kV for 30 min. HVPEF resulted in no significant change in color or texture; the changes in total viable count and pH were less significant than in the untreated group. Finally, HVPEF treatment led to lower levels of total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in chicken breasts, which potentially contributes to longer shelf life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"385-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten Years Later: Still Unchanged Susceptibility to Antibiotics of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> from Poultry Processing Environments.","authors":"Rakel Montiel, David Fernández, Pilar López, Sagrario Ortiz, David Pérez-Boto, Juan L Arqués, Joaquín V Martínez-Suárez","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0102","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is still recognized as being commonly susceptible to antibiotics; however, there have been reports of reduced susceptibility in recent years. The significance of this resistance is not clear, in part due to the disparity in the antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods used. EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) has recently proposed a standardized method for antibiotic susceptibility testing of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. The aim of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility to 11 antibiotics in clinical use of 50 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> representing 347 isolates from a poultry industry setting using the EUCAST method and to compare the results with those obtained 10 years before. All poultry strains were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested but one strain was resistant to benzylpenicillin according to the EUCAST criteria. The current findings supported the previous study and confirmed that in certain food-associated <i>L. monocytogenes</i> populations, antibiotic sensitivity has remained stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"430-433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and Coliform Bacteria Contamination Sources after Cleaning-in-Place in Production Lines of Dairy Factories in Türkiye.","authors":"Fulden Karadal, Nurhan Ertas Onmaz, Cemalettin Bagci, Yeliz Ucar Yildirim, Harun Hizlisoy, Zafer Gonulalan, Serhat Al","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0103","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms detected on dairy factory surfaces after disinfection can cause product contamination, leading to economic losses and health hazards for consumers. In this study, the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and Coliform in a total of 450 samples taken from food-contact and non-contact surfaces (stainless steel, plastic, cloth, and tiles surfaces), raw milk and final product (white cheese, kashar cheese, butter, yogurt, and cream) samples in five dairy factories was investigated by conventional techniques. The isolates obtained were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. In this study, a total of 54 <i>Staphylococci</i> (16.7% <i>S. aureus</i> and 81.5% coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococci</i> [CNS]) and 44 coliform isolates were identified at the species level. The most common CNS isolated by samples was <i>S. epidermidis</i> followed by <i>S. saprophyticus, S. capitis, S. succinus S. carnosus</i>. <i>S. xylosus, S. sciuri, S. equorum, S. warneri,</i> and <i>S. hominis</i>. Eighteen of the coliform isolates (41%) were identified as <i>E. coli</i>; 13 (29.5%) as <i>E. cloacae</i>; 3 (6.9%) as <i>E. kobei, C. freundii,</i> and <i>K. oxytoca</i>; 2 (4.5%) as <i>K. pneumoniae</i>; 1 (2.3%) as <i>E. ludwigii</i> and <i>C. farmeri</i>. The contamination rate of non-food contact surfaces (71.3%) was found to be higher than food contact surfaces (10.4%), and contaminated surfaces were found to be effective in product contamination. Study results show that some bacterial species obtained from raw milk, surfaces, and final products are factory specific and surface-associated bacteria are prominent in the product microbial profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"398-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of the Results of Five Consecutive Proficiency Tests Organized by the German National Reference Laboratory for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>.","authors":"Christoph-Martin Ufermann, Marlen Adler, Stefanie Lüth, Sascha Al Dahouk, Sylvia Kleta","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria</i> (<i>L</i>.) <i>monocytogenes</i> is an environmental pathogen that can contaminate a wide variety of food products, leading to foodborne listeriosis outbreaks. In this context, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods of animal and plant origin are of particular relevance as the source of infection. In Germany, the official food and veterinary control laboratories, under the sovereignty of the federal states, examine foodstuffs for the presence of foodborne pathogens, including <i>Listeria</i>. The German National Reference Laboratory for <i>L. monocytogenes</i> regularly organizes inter-laboratory proficiency tests (PTs) to monitor the accuracy and comparability of analyses performed by these official control laboratories. In our study, we provide summary data on frequently contaminated RTE food products in the European Union and present the outcome of five consecutive PTs. RTE food matrices provided by the German National Reference Laboratory for <i>L. monocytogenes</i> included processed meat, fish, vegetable, and dairy products. Overall, the official control laboratories achieved excellent results in the PTs. In total, 91 participants were documented. Flawless results were reported in 93.4% of the cases. Only four times, participants did not pass the PT in the first attempt. By performing official food and veterinary controls along the food chain, control laboratories make a significant contribution to food safety. To keep the excellent standard of the official control laboratories in Germany in line with future challenges in food safety, PTs with relevant RTE food matrices are indispensable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Houseflies as Vectors of ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales: Insights from Hospital Settings in a Low- to Middle-Income Country.","authors":"Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Paul Kwao, Enid Owusu, Gloria Della Tawiah-Abrokwa, Jerry Dzidzornu-Gomez, David Baidoo, Francisca Nana Afua Duah, Sarah Saidu, Appiah-Korang Labi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in communities has been facilitated by direct contact with humans or animal carriers and insects such as houseflies. Houseflies may have an increased risk of human exposure to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, including ESBL-E. In this study, we determined the presence of ESBL-E in houseflies and ready-to-eat food samples from selected food vending sites in five health care facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana. Sixty (60) food vending sites were included in this study. Flies (10) were pooled, and food (5 g) was macerated and homogenized aseptically in brain-heart infusion agar. Suspensions were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with 4 µg/mL cefotaxime for ∼18 h. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBL-E was performed using a combination disk diffusion method, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and direct nucleotide sequencing. Of the 60 food vending sites, 62% (37) of the food vendors had flies within their premises that carried ESBL-E, and 15% (9) of the food samples collected from the vendors were contaminated with ESBL-E. The most predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacterales from housefly samples was <i>Proteus vulgaris</i> (54%) and that of food samples were <i>P. vulgaris</i> (22.5%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (22.5%). All Enterobacterales from flies and food samples harbored an ESBL gene with <i>bla_CTX-M</i>, mostly <i>bla_CTX-M-15</i>, being the predominant gene and gene type, respectively. Houseflies may be potential contributors to the spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminthic Parasites in Slaughtered Small Ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran: Implications for One Health and the Food Industry.","authors":"Mohammadreza Mohammadi, Fariba Najar Hoseini, Giovanni Sgroi, Saeed Bahadory, Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi, Meysam Olfatifar, Ali Asghari, Mohsen Imandar, Amir Javadi, Oskar Nowak, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Milad Badri","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helminthic parasites are a significant concern for the food industry because of their detrimental effects on livestock health and food safety. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence of helminthic parasites in 2250 slaughtered small ruminants in Qazvin Province, Iran. The overall infection rate was 56.6%, with sheep (64.9%) exhibiting a higher prevalence compared with goats (41.9%). Cystic echinococcosis (CE) was the most frequently detected parasite, followed by <i>Moniezia expansa</i> and <i>Cysticercus tenuicollis</i>. This study revealed higher susceptibility to infections in male animals and younger sheep, with infections occurring year-round, peaking in spring and summer. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as improved pasture management and deworming strategies, to mitigate economic losses and zoonotic risks. This research contributes significantly to livestock health and food safety efforts in Iran, advocating for integrated control measures within a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Identification, Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Characteristics, and Genome Analysis of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. Isolated from Infant Rice Cereal in Nanchang, China.","authors":"Rui Li, Huifen Jiang, Xiaosi Wang, Pingping Zhai, Xin Wu, Jiajun Wei","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cronobacter</i> spp. are well known to be resistant to osmotic and dry stresses and can persist in a variety of foods. <i>C. sakazakii</i> and <i>C. malonaticus</i> are currently considered to be the primary pathogenic species that cause severe diseases. There are few studies on the prevalence of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. in infant rice cereal. Information on the diversity, pathogenicity, and virulence of <i>Cronobacter</i> species obtained from foods is still relatively scarce and fragmentary. In this article, a total of 67 <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. strains were isolated from infant rice cereal in Nanchang, China. Forty-seven strains of <i>C. sakazakii</i> and 11 strains of <i>C. malonaticus</i> were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resistance to 10 antibiotics was analyzed, showing that all isolates were sensitive except two strains. PCR detection for the five virulence genes (<i>cpa</i>, <i>aut</i>, <i>hly</i>, <i>inv</i>, and <i>sip</i>) and whole genome sequencing were performed. Co-existence of CSA or CMA with <i>ampH</i> was found in <i>C. sakazakii</i> and <i>C. malonaticus</i> strains. Compared with <i>C. sakazakii</i>, <i>C. malonaticus</i> lacked various virulence genes including <i>yeeJ</i>, <i>stjC</i>, and <i>nanAKT</i> genes. Another important observation was the presence of <i>csg</i> in the <i>C. malonaticus</i> genomes, while it was not found in the <i>C. sakazakii.</i> Notably, STs 1, 7, and 4, which are frequently associated with clinical infections, were observed. <i>C. sakazakii</i> and <i>C. malonaticus</i> strains induced higher apoptosis rate in Caco-2 cell in comparison with other <i>Cronobacter</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomics Revealed Novel Chromosomal Integration of Antimicrobial Resistance Cluster <i>tet</i>(B), <i>sul</i>2, <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B, <i>aph(3″</i>)-Ib, and <i>aph(6)</i>-Id in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium.","authors":"Zengfeng Zhang, Mengjun Hu, Kannappan Arunachalam, Chunlei Shi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> has posed a huge threat to food safety and public health, and tetracycline is the commonly used antibiotic for treating salmonellosis. In this study, eight <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolates from diarrhea patients (<i>n</i> = 7) and clam (<i>n</i> = 1) exhibited high-level tetracycline resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration = 128 μg/mL), and these isolates were further resistant to ampicillin and sulfonamides, formatting the R-type ASuT (ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline). Then, these eight isolates were sequenced using PacBio platform, revealing the presence of tetracycline resistance gene <i>tet</i>(B), along with sulfonamide-resistance gene <i>sul</i>2, extended-spectrum-β-lactamase gene <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B, and aminoglycoside resistance genes <i>aph(3″)</i>-Ib and <i>aph(6)</i>-Id on the chromosome, which was associated with R-type ASuT. Four types (A, B1, B2, and C) of genetic arrangement for chromosomally encoding <i>tet</i>(B) were found, inserted into <i>flj</i>BA operon. Type C (<i>flj</i>BA operon-<i>tet</i>(B)-<i>sul</i>2-<i>bla</i>_TEM-1B-<i>aph(3″)</i>-Ib-<i>aph(6)</i>-Id-<i>mer</i>ACDEPTR) was the most common type and was accompanied by various insertion sequences (ISs) (IS<i>26</i>, IS<i>1</i>, and IS<i>Vsa5</i>) and recombinases. Pairwise sequence alignment showed that type C arrangement likely resulted from stepwise acquisitions and rearrangements facilitated by the actions of ISs, followed by integration into the chromosome by prophages. Phylogenomic analysis showed that all eight <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolates from China in this study, along with a human-borne <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolate (DA34821) from Germany and a foodborne <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolate (CFSA629) from China, clustered into a single clade, sharing ≤67 SNPs, which suggested that clone spread occurred. These findings underline the emergence of R-type ASuT in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, which is attributed to the presence of an antimicrobial resistance gene cluster (<i>tet</i>(B), <i>sul</i>2, <i>bla</i>_TEM-1B, <i>aph(3″)</i>-Ib, and <i>aph(6)</i>-Id) encoded on the chromosome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling the Storage Time Is an Effective Measure to Reduce the Risk of Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning Caused by Wet Rice Noodles.","authors":"Zhiting Liu, Can Liu, Hongsheng Chen, Zihui Chen, Panpan Huang, Jiewen Peng, Jian Sun, Jianjun Zhao, Jian Wen, Junhua Liang, Manting Weng, Haiming Guo, Ping Gan, Qiong Huang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In October 2018, bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning cases caused by consuming wet rice noodles contaminated with <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i> were first reported in Guangdong Province, resulting in three cases, and two of them died. Due to the high fatality rate, the Guangdong Health Commission issued a code. The core risk-control elements of the code were storage temperature and storage time management, and the storage time is controlled through adopting a small sealed package with a clearly labeled production date and shelf life. In this study, we followed up on the code's implementation and compared the incidence of related foodborne diseases before and after the implementation of the code. Due to the rarity of <i>B. gladioli</i> contamination, monitoring its prevalence directly was challenging. Therefore, we also assessed the levels of <i>B. cereus</i>, a more common foodborne pathogen in wet rice noodles, to infer trends in microbial contamination. Then the feasible and effective measures to control BKA poisoning caused by wet rice noodles were analyzed. A questionnaire survey revealed that the implementation rate of packaging management-utilizing complete independent small sealed package with clearly marked shelf life to control storage duration-reached 81.25%. However, the adoption rate of cold storage management was only 41.96%. The annual average number of BKA poisoning cases in Guangdong Province dropped from 6.25 before implementing the code to 0.5 after implementing the code. The detection rate of <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>B. cereus</i> in the samples decreased from 1.56% (1/64) to 0.45% (1/220) and 42.26% (71/168) to 5% (11/220), respectively. The reduction of <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>B. cereus</i> may reflect the improvement in microbial status. This study indicated that although the storage temperature control was not ideal, controlling the storage time through adopting a complete independent small sealed package with a clearly marked shelf life could still effectively mitigate BKA poisoning caused by wet rice noodles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}