Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence and MIC-Based Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in Poultry in Morocco.","authors":"Hajar Esserghini, Zineb Soubai, Dhaud Odei Ansong, Najib Al Idrissi, Salsabil Hamdi, Lhousaine Balouch, Adnane Benmoussa, Hassan Ghazal, Nadia Ziyate, Fadil Bakkali","doi":"10.1177/15353141261494907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261494907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> spp. are major foodborne pathogens transmitted through contaminated poultry products. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains complicates treatment and increases the risk of multidrug-resistant (MDR). In Morocco, data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in poultry-associated <i>Salmonella</i> remain limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and AMR patterns of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from poultry samples collected in Morocco in 2023. A total of 1339 poultry samples (ceca, turkey, and chicken meat) were collected using a representative stratified sampling approach from slaughterhouses, farms, and retail markets across the 10 regional directorates of Morocco. The isolation of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was performed according to ISO 6579-1:2017, and identification was confirmed via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antibiotics was evaluated using Sensititre EUVSEC3 plates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were interpreted according to epidemiological cutoff values established by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. MDR was defined as resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent in three or more antibiotic classes. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. were detected in 155 out of the 1339 samples, with an overall prevalence of 11.6% and regional variation. The category-specific prevalence was 13.8% (48/348) for chicken meat, 12.3% (45/367) for turkey meat, and 10.0% (62/624) for cecal samples. Resistance to nalidixic acid (94.2%), ciprofloxacin (92.3%), tetracycline (63.9%), ampicillin (36.8%), trimethoprim (27.7%), chloramphenicol (16.1%), gentamicin (10.3%), cefotaxime (4.5%), amikacin (3.9%), and ceftazidime (0.6%) was detected, whereas resistance to meropenem was not detected. Overall, 69.7% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant and were mainly resistant to quinolones, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams. These findings highlight the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, improved surveillance, and stricter regulation of antibiotic use in poultry production to reduce public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261494907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotype and Commodity Contributions to Quinolone Resistance Trends Among FSIS NARMS <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates, 2013-2023.","authors":"Christopher Morales","doi":"10.1177/15353141261497353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15353141261497353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food-animal surveillance can identify antimicrobial-resistance patterns that may affect foodborne disease risk, but pooled summaries can obscure commodity and serotype drivers. This study analyzed public FSIS NARMS cecal and HACCP/slaughter-source <i>Salmonella</i> records accessed through FDA NARMS Now to examine quinolone-resistance trends by calendar period, commodity, and serotype. Records were filtered to <i>Salmonella</i> isolates with reported growth collected from 2013 to 2023. Calendar periods were defined descriptively as 2013-2016, 2017-2022, and 2023 to bracket major U.S. antimicrobial-stewardship milestones, including completion of GFI #213 implementation in 2017 and implementation of GFI #263 in 2023; these periods were treated as temporal landmarks rather than causal policy exposures. Outcomes were ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility, ciprofloxacin resistance only, and nalidixic acid resistance. Analyses included commodity-stratified percentages with Wilson 95% confidence intervals, serotype contribution summaries, and binomial models with standard errors clustered by year. The dataset included 42,232 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates; 41,608 were tested for ciprofloxacin and 41,606 for nalidixic acid. Overall, ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility increased from 1.96% in 2013-2016 to 17.84% in 2017-2022 and 25.71% in 2023. Nalidixic acid resistance increased from 1.36% to 17.02% and 24.01%, respectively. These increases were concentrated in chickens, where ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility rose from 1.7% to 28.7% and 42.4%. <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis accounted for 75.0% of all ciprofloxacin non-susceptible isolates, and Infantis plus Enteritidis accounted for 85.6%. After excluding both serotypes, adjusted period odds ratios were substantially attenuated. Findings indicate that quinolone-resistance trends in FSIS NARMS food-animal <i>Salmonella</i> data were strongly shaped by chicken-associated serotype composition, supporting serotype-aware surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"15353141261497353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infections in Canada: 2000-2022.","authors":"Vanessa Morton, Rachelle Janicki, Danielle Dumoulin, Brent Dixon, Rebecca Guy","doi":"10.1177/15353141251377318","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251377318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> is a human-specific protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal illness, primarily through the ingestion of contaminated water or fresh produce. This study provides an epidemiological overview of cyclosporiasis in Canada from 2000 to 2022 using data from the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, FoodNet Canada, and outbreak investigations. A total of 5337 cases were reported during this period, with the incidence increasing from 0.12 to 1.70 per 100,000 population. Seasonal peaks occurred between May and August of each year, and adults aged 30-59 years were disproportionately affected. Enhanced surveillance data identified international travel, particularly to resorts in Mexico, as a common exposure. National-level investigations occurred annually from 2013 to 2022, and various fresh produce items were identified as items of interest, but few investigations led to the identification of a source of illness. Advancements in molecular diagnostics since 2015 have likely contributed to the observed rise in case detection. This report underscores the burden of cyclosporiasis in Canada and highlights the need for continued surveillance, public health interventions targeting contaminated produce, and travel health messaging to mitigate outbreaks and reduce transmission. It also underscores the importance of real-time genetic typing to identify and differentiate clusters of closely related isolates that are more likely to share a common source.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"701-708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Metataxonomic Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Street-Vended Raw Milk from Ankara, Türkiye, Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing.","authors":"Berrak Delikanli-Kiyak","doi":"10.1177/15353141261471731","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261471731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Street-vended raw milk may harbor diverse bacterial communities influenced by environmental exposure, handling practices, and storage conditions. This exploratory pilot study aimed to characterize the bacterial community composition of raw milk obtained from three independent street vendors in Ankara, Türkiye, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing-based metataxonomic analysis. Following DNA extraction, the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, and sequence data were processed using the QIIME2 pipeline with taxonomic assignment against the SILVA 138 reference database. Sequencing generated 158,959, 160,946, and 313,696 high-quality reads for samples SS1, SS2, and SS3, respectively. The bacterial communities were predominantly composed of members of the phyla <i>Pseudomonadota</i> and <i>Bacillota</i>. At the genus level, <i>Pseudomonas</i> (49.75%), <i>Acinetobacter</i> (20.64%), <i>Lactococcus</i> (35.31%), <i>Aerococcus</i> (8.81%), and <i>Enterococcus</i> (7.10%) were among the predominant taxa identified across the samples. Principal coordinates analysis indicated variation in bacterial community composition among the three samples, with SS2 and SS3 exhibiting greater similarity than SS1. Overall, this exploratory pilot study provides baseline metataxonomic information on the bacterial communities associated with street-vended raw milk obtained from informal vendors in Ankara. Given the limited sample size, the findings should be regarded as preliminary descriptive observations that may support future investigations involving larger sample sizes, broader geographical coverage, and complementary functional analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"709-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Bacteriophage Genome Engineering for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Riska Ayu Febrianti, Erlia Narulita, Erma Sulistyaningsih, Hardian Susilo Addy","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0194","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophage engineering is a promising strategy to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections that pose significant challenges to public health due to the overuse of antibiotics. Bacteria can develop resistance mechanisms, such as receptor modification and activation of antiviral defense systems, which further complicates the application of phage therapy. Additionally, long-term phage therapy can result in the production of anti-phage antibodies, which may interfere with treatment. These factors require advanced engineering techniques to improve the efficacy of phages and expand their host range. Recent advances in genome engineering methods, including CRISPR/Cas9, homologous recombination, and other synthetic biology techniques, offer promising solutions to these challenges. By modifying receptor-binding proteins and using high-yield screening methods, researchers can create phages that are better equipped to target MDR bacteria effectively. Furthermore, understanding the intricate interactions between phages and their bacterial hosts is critical to guiding these engineering efforts. Future development perspectives lie in integrating these advanced engineering techniques into clinical practice, potentially putting bacteriophages at the forefront of fighting MDR bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"639-647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in <i>Salmonella</i> Using Machine Learning Analysis of Its Pan-Genome and Pan-Resistome Features.","authors":"Yichen He, Xiujuan Zhou, Lida Zhang, Yan Cui, Yiping He, Andrew Gehring, Xiangyu Deng, Xianming Shi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0170","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional experimental methods for determining antibiotic resistance phenotypes (ARPs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in bacteria are laborious and time consuming. This study aims to explore the potential of whole-genome sequencing data combined with machine learning models for robustly predicting ARPs and MICs in <i>Salmonella</i>. Using a training set of 6394 <i>Salmonella</i> genomes alongside antimicrobial susceptibility testing results, we built two machine learning (ML) predictive models based on the pan-genome and pan-resistome. Each model was implemented using three algorithms: random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and convolutional neural network. Among them, XGB achieved the highest overall accuracy, with the pan-genome and pan-resistome models accurately predicting ARPs (98.51% and 97.77%) and MICs (81.42% and 78.99%) for 15 commonly used antibiotics. Feature extraction from pan-genome and pan-resistome data effectively reduced computational complexity and significantly decreased computation time. Notably, fewer than 10 key genomic features, often linked to known resistance or mobile genes, were sufficient for robust predictions for each antibiotic. This study also identified challenges, including imbalanced resistance classes and imprecise MIC measurements, which impacted prediction accuracy. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple evaluation metrics to assess model performance comprehensively. Overall, our findings demonstrated that ML, utilizing pan-genome or pan-resistome features, was highly effective in predicting antibiotic resistance and identifying correlated genetic features in <i>Salmonella</i>. This approach holds great potential to supplement conventional culture-based methods for routine surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"648-656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multistate Outbreak of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson Infections Linked to Diced Onions-2023.","authors":"Bria Graham-Glover, Evelyn Pereira, Samantha Jefferson, Tyann Blessington, Marie Armstrong, Colin Schwensohn, Cullen Wilson, Avery Cromwell, Julia Manetas, Courtney Mickiewicz, Autumn Kraft, Arthur Pightling, Lauren Edwards, Danielle Donovan, Julie Dow, Shana Altman, Steven Galvez, Greg Keshishyan, Laura Gieraltowski, Lauren Shade, Stelios Viazis","doi":"10.1177/15353141251377305","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251377305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2020, more than 2000 illnesses have been linked to foodborne outbreaks associated with onions. In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and state partners investigated a multistate outbreak of <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson infections linked to diced onions grown and processed in California. The outbreak resulted in 80 ill people, 18 hospitalizations, and one death reported in 23 states. FDA conducted a traceback investigation that included three illness clusters comprised of five total ill people from four Long-Term Care Facilities. Three inspections, each accompanied by sampling, were conducted at Processor A, Grower A, and Packing Shed A, respectively. The FDA analyzed 18 samples, six of which yielded <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates. Isolates recovered from water, sediment, and piping below irrigation equipment, near the growing environment, matched the outbreak strain. Additional isolates recovered from environmental samples matched eight <i>Salmonella</i> Saintpaul clinical isolates from 2022, four <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis clinical isolates from four states from 2022 to 2023, and two unrelated <i>Salmonella</i> Newport clinical clusters from 2021 to 2023. Laboratory, traceback, and epidemiological evidence indicated onions grown in three specific fields as the source of the outbreak, suggesting that the outbreak strain was present at the farm level, established in the soil, and potentially disseminated through agricultural water. Further processing into diced onions could have also spread and/or amplified the pathogen in the product due to the practices and conditions at the processor. This investigation highlighted the importance of outreach and education to enhance onion industry food safety practices and prevent future outbreaks. It also emphasized the need for focused research on onion industry practices, including growing, harvesting, curing, processing, packing, and holding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"693-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of MNPs-PEI-GA-Nbs-qPCR Rapid Detection Method for <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>.","authors":"Lingli Meng, Mengjuan Wu, Zhui Tu, Qinghua He, Yanping Li","doi":"10.1177/15353141251377326","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251377326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio fluvialis</i> is an emerging foodborne pathogen associated with severe infections. In this study, immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) were synthesized by conjugating nanobody N71 to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via polyethylenimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking. Due to the high affinity of N71 for <i>V. fluvialis</i> lipopolysaccharide, the IMBs efficiently and specifically captured the target pathogen. When integrated with <i>ToxR</i>-targeted quantitative real-time PCR, this system achieved enhanced detection sensitivity (48 CFU/mL) and reduced false-positive rates. The optimization results showed that the capture efficiency of <i>V. fluvailis</i> reached its maximum (95%) when 125 µg of N71 were conjugated to 1 mg of MNPs to form the MNPs-PEI-GA-Nbs conjugates, achieved with a conjugate dosage of 0.5 mg and an incubation time of 45 min. Nontarget bacterial interference experiments and actual sample detections validated the excellent specificity of the method for detecting <i>V. fluvialis</i>. Compared with conventional culture-based methods, this method reduced detection time from 24-48 h to <7 h, providing an efficient and reliable alternative for rapid detection of <i>V. fluvialis</i> in food samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"678-685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Detection Method for <i>Salmonella</i> Based on Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification in Food.","authors":"Long Li, Liping Song, Qinglong Wang, Huatao Yin, Yiping Suo, Yujia Zhao, Qingyao Li, Yue Cao, Chao Xing, Dan Wang, Zhikai Hu, Jie Jiang","doi":"10.1177/15353141251380364","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141251380364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed a rapid detection method for <i>Salmonella</i> based on real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time RPA). The method exhibited excellent specificity and could amplify target genes within 20 min at 39°C. It achieved a Limit of Detection (LOD₅₀) of 47 CFU/mL. To evaluate detection performance, artificially contaminated food samples-including egg products, chocolate products, meat products, grain-based products, and soy products-were tested. Prior to real-time RPA detection, the samples underwent an enrichment step by shaking incubation at 36°C for 6 h. The real-time RPA method demonstrated consistent and robust performance across diverse food matrices, with relative LOD (RLOD) values below 2.5, satisfying the validation criteria outlined in GUOBIAO 4789.45 (GB 4789.45). A chi-square test conducted on bulk pork samples further confirmed no significant difference between the real-time RPA method and the GB 4789.4 standard method (<i>p</i> > 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of real-time RPA as a reliable and efficient alternative to GB 4789.4 for detecting <i>Salmonella</i>, enhancing food safety monitoring practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"670-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Porphyra tenera</i> an Edible Red Alga Inhibits Norovirus P Domain Binding to the Host Cell Receptor.","authors":"Hyojin Kim, Jeong Ah Lee, Yeongeun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Mi Sook Chung","doi":"10.1177/15353141261418395","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15353141261418395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Porphyra tenera</i> (PT), an edible red alga, is consumed as a health-promoting seaweed. Human norovirus (HuNV), the major cause of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide, binds to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) for cell entry. We investigated the inhibitory activity of fucose-containing polysaccharides in PT on HuNV binding to the HBGAs. With saliva as a source of HBGAs and recombinant P domains of HuNV GII.4 and GII.17 purified as NV antigens, the inhibition and binding affinity of PT toward P domains were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bio-layer interferometry, respectively. The PT polysaccharide extract and its 3-10 kDa fraction (F3-10) among molecular weight fractions inhibited the P domain binding to saliva significantly, compared with that of a commercial fucoidan. F3-10 bound directly to the P domains with submicromolar affinities (K_D = 5.6 × 10^-7 M for GII.4 and 8.7 × 10^-7 M for GII.17). When applied to virus inhibition assays, F3-10 significantly reduced murine NV titers in a dose-dependent manner; specifically, it showed a 1.8 log₁₀ plaque forming unit (PFU)/mL reduction at 1 mg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a 1.4 log₁₀ PFU/mL reduction at 5 mg/mL under simulated human digestion conditions involving sequential incubation in simulated saliva, gastric, and intestinal fluids (<i>p</i> < 0.01). F3-10 contained galactose, glucose, fucose, and xylose as its constituent monosaccharides and also sulfate groups. The PT fraction F3-10 is a promising candidate for further study aimed at inhibiting HuNV binding to host cell HBGAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"686-692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}