Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Molecular Typing of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Guangdong, South China.","authors":"Chenqing Zhou, Ling Zhao, Juan Zhang, Yan Qi, Baoying Huang, Zhiyun She","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0116","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global popularity of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods for their convenience simultaneously brings along a risk, as these products can be contaminated with various microorganisms, including potentially harmful pathogens. We aimed to investigate the food contamination of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) in RTE foods in Guangdong, South China. All <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were subjected to characterization through antimicrobial susceptibility tests, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and PCR analysis for detecting <i>mec</i> and <i>blaZ</i> genes. A total of 824 RTE food samples were collected from 2017 to 2022, of which 73 (8.9%) were found to be contaminated with <i>S. aureus</i>. Contamination levels were mostly in the range of 0.3-1.0 most probable number (MPN)/g, with 10 samples exceeding 110 MPN/g. Of the 73 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 10 were identified as methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA). In MRSA, resistance was most frequently observed to penicillin (100%, 10/10), followed by erythromycin (80.0%, 8/10) and tetracycline (70%, 7/10). And in methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA), resistance was most frequently observed to penicillin (98.4%, 62/63), followed by tetracycline (30.2%, 19/63) and erythromycin (23.8%, 15/63). Overall, 98.6% (72/73) of the isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas 31.5% (23/73) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Fifty-seven <i>S. aureus</i> isolates harbored the penicillin-resistant gene <i>blaZ</i>, and 10 isolates carried the <i>mec</i> gene. In addition, 30.1% of the isolates harbored genes for classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), with <i>seb</i> being the most frequently detected SE gene. MLST revealed that the 73 isolates belonged to 14 different sequence types (STs), the most prevalent of which was ST7. In MRSA, the most common prevalent clone is ST6, and in MSSA, ST7 was the most common isolates. The prevalent multidrug resistance indicates that the resistance situation of foodborne <i>S. aureus</i> in Guangdong is severe, posing a potential threat to consumer safety and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Agona Isolated from Food-Producing Animals During 2010-2020 in South Korea.","authors":"Hyun-Ju Song, Sekendar Ali, Bo-Youn Moon, Hee Young Kang, Eun Jeong Noh, Tae-Sun Kim, Su-Jeong Kim, Ji-In Kim, Yun Jin Lee, Soon-Seek Yoon, Suk-Kyung Lim","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0117","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Agona infections affect public health globally. This investigation aimed to ascertain the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Agona isolates obtained from food-producing animals. A total of 209 <i>Salmonella</i> Agona isolates were recovered from mostly chickens (139 isolates), pigs (56 isolates), cattle (11 isolates), and ducks (3 isolates) between 2010 and 2020 in South Korea. In addition, these <i>Salmonella</i> Agona isolates were obtained from 25 slaughterhouses nationwide. Furthermore, this serotype suddenly increased in chickens in 2020. <i>Salmonella</i> Agona from chickens showed high resistance (69-83%) to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, chicken/duck isolates (83.1%) showed significantly higher levels of MDR than cattle/pig isolates (1.5%). For molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy biotyping, and multilocus sequence typing in combination, a total of 23 types were observed. Especially two major types, P1-III-2-13 and P1-IV-2-13, comprised 59.3% of the total isolates spreading in most farms. Moreover, <i>Salmonella</i> Agona sequence type (ST)13 was predominant (96.7%) among three different STs (ST13, ST11, and ST292) widely detected in chickens (94.3%) in most farms located nationwide. Taken together, MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Agona in chickens might pose a potential risk to public health through direct contact or the food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Bovine Sources Encoding the Fosfomycin Resistance Gene <i>fosA7</i>.5.","authors":"Bradd J Haley, Seon Woo Kim, Jo Ann Van Kessel","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0132","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dairy animals are reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> that are frequently resistant to tetracycline, aminoglycoside, β-lactam, sulfonamide, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics. However, resistance to other classes of antimicrobials is less frequently observed, and resistance to fosfomycin is rarely observed in <i>E. coli</i>. In this study, we describe the genomic characteristics of <i>E. coli</i> encoding <i>fosA7.5</i> that have been recovered from bovine sources in the United States. Most isolates only encoded the <i>fosA7.5</i> gene, whereas 37% encoded at least one other resistance gene, and 25% were genotypically multidrug-resistant. Most (112 isolates, 93%) belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and were assigned to 19 sequence types (STs), the most frequently identified being ST1727, ST2307, and ST3234. Results of this study indicate that <i>fosA</i>-encoding <i>E. coli</i> from bovine sources is very rare in the United States with isolates demonstrating a high level of similarity across a broad geographic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Association Between Latent <i>Toxoplasma Gondii</i> Infection and Opioid Abuse: A Registry-Based Sero-Molecular Case-Control Study.","authors":"Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Abbasi, Masoud Vatanpour, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Shahram Divsalar, Zahra Hosseininejad, Zakaria Zakariaei","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2023.0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan that can cause neurological and psychiatric disorders, potentially impacting human emotional behavior. This study aimed to explore serological and molecular evidence of <i>T. gondii</i> infection in opioid abusers in northern Iran. In this case-control study, opioid abusers who were referred to substance abuse rehabilitation centers in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from the participants to perform a serological assay to detect <i>T. gondii</i> IgG and IgM antibodies. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was also conducted on buffy coats of the blood samples. The study comprised a total of 474 participants, with 239 individuals being opioid abusers and 235 healthy individuals serving as the control group. The results indicated that 163 opioid abusers (68.2%) were positive for <i>T. gondii</i> IgG, whereas 76 (31.8%) were negative. Among the control group, 63 individuals (26.8%) tested positive for <i>T. gondii</i> IgG, whereas 172 (73.2%) tested negative. This difference was statistically significant according to <i>p</i> = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-4.15. In addition, 7.1% (17/239) of the case and 2.1% (5/235) of the control groups were PCR positive for <i>Toxoplasma</i> DNA. This difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.01; OR = 2.96; 95%; CI = 0.94-7.01). In contrast, all of the participants were negative for <i>T. gondii</i> IgM antibodies. Our findings demonstrated that the sero-molecular prevalence of latent <i>T. gondii</i> infection in opioid abusers is significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. This suggests a potential correlation between <i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibody positivity and PCR results with opioid abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Occurrence and Rapid Spread of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis in Broiler Flocks in Korea.","authors":"So-Hee Lee, O-Mi Lee, Sung-Il Kang, Moon Her, Min-Su Kang, Myeongju Chae, Min-Goo Seo","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> Infantis has recently been one of the most prevalent serotypes in poultry and has been identified in human salmonellosis cases worldwide. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis has emerged as a significant threat to both poultry production and public health due to its increasing prevalence and global dissemination. We identified the occurrence of an MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis clone in broiler flocks in Korea, and the clone was characterized to explore potential genetic causes for its high prevalence and rapid spread in broiler production. In total, 220 <i>Salmonella</i> strains isolated between 2020 and 2023 from broiler flocks were serotyped, and 50 strains were identified as <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis (22.7%). The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and their genetic characteristics were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Forty-six strains of <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis isolated since 2020 were resistant to at least five antimicrobial families including ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. The strains showed 10 PFGE patterns and a single multilocus sequence type 32. Eight representative MDR strains were analyzed by WGS. Seven of the eight strains carried the plasmid of emerging <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis-like megaplasmids recognized globally in emergent MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis. They had a high prevalence of seven antimicrobial resistance genes, six of which were identified in plasmids. Also, they all share virulence genes, including fimbrial adherence determinants and secretion system components, and showed a clonal relationship to strains from North America, South America, and West Asia, suggesting potential international dissemination routes. To mitigate the risks associated with the rapid spread of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis in poultry production and its potential impact on human health, this study provides valuable insights into implementing effective control measures to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> in broiler production in Korea. Further highlighting the critical importance of enhanced biosecurity and continuous surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the Six Major Non-O157 Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia Coli</i> in Food Marketed in Morocco.","authors":"Bouchra Ouarroud, Mohammed El Maadoudi, Ayoub Kounnoun, Lamyaa El Mamoun, Amina Barakat","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The six major non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are responsible for serious foodborne outbreaks worldwide. This research aimed to detect the six major non-O157 STEC in ground beef, artisanal dairy products, lettuce, spinach, turkey, and chicken sold in northern Morocco. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to identify the presence of the <i>stx1</i>, <i>stx2</i>, <i>eae</i>, <i>wzx O26</i>, <i>wzx O45</i>, <i>wzx O103</i>, <i>wbdl O111</i>, <i>wzx O121</i>, and <i>ihp1 O145</i> genes. Out of 310 samples analyzed, Shiga toxin (<i>stx)</i> was detected in 55 enrichments (17.74%), <i>stx,</i> and <i>eae</i> were detected in 54/310 enrichments (17.42%), <i>stx</i>, <i>eae,</i> and genes of at least one of the six serogroups were detected in 34/310 enrichments (10.97%). Among the food matrices analyzed, ground beef showed the highest contamination rate with <i>stx</i>, <i>eae,</i> and O serogroups 13/70 (18.6%), followed by dairy 17/100 (17.00%), turkey 3/40 (7.5%), and chicken 1/40 (2.5%). No O serogroups were detected in lettuce and spinach. The most frequent serogroup was O26 (22/34; 64.7%), followed by O145 (12/34; 35.3%), O45 (12/34; 35.3%), O121 (8/34; 23.5%), O103 (8/34; 23.5%), and O111 (6/34; 17.6%). A set of 32 STEC strains were isolated from nine positive samples (9/34; 26.5%). A high rate of food contamination with STEC may indicate firstly a high public health risk due to this pathogen in beef and dairy products and secondly a lack of compliance with standard hygiene practices. Consequently, it emphasizes the urgent need for rigorous monitoring and intervention measures aimed at mitigating the incidence of STEC contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporadic Listeriosis Cases, Genotypic Characteristics, and Antibiotic Resistance of Associated <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Isolates in Zhejiang Province, China (2016 - 2022).","authors":"Yunyi Zhang, Junyan Zhang, Jiancai Chen, Xiaojuan Qi, Zhen Zhang, Honghu Chen, Beibei Wu, Li Zhan, Jie Chen","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>L. monocytogenes</i>) is an important foodborne pathogen. In this study, 41 sporadic listeriosis cases were collected during 2016-2022, including 92.7% of invasive cases and 56.1% of pregnancy-associated cases. The age of cases ranged from 0 days to 88 years, with the majority occurring in individuals aged 20 to <30 years. Serotype 1/2 b was most prevalent among 43 <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates, followed by 1/2 a, 4 b, and 3a. Sixteen clonal complexes (CCs) were determined. CC87 occupied the top slot. Genome sequencing-based phylogeny results indicated that Chinese CC1, CC8, and CC87 isolates mostly clustered in clades separating from isolates from other countries. Meanwhile, a few Chinese isolates participated in cocirculating CC1, CC8, and CC87 in Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, North America, and Oceania. All isolates harbored LIPI-1 while LIPI-2 was absent. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 exhibited an apparent relationship with lineage and CCs. It was notably that CC4, CC224, and CC619 carried both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. <i>inlB</i>, <i>inlC</i>, <i>inlH</i>, <i>inlK</i>, <i>ipeA</i>, <i>srtA</i>, <i>dltA</i>, <i>lap</i>, <i>ami</i>, <i>fbpA</i>, <i>stp</i>, <i>oatA</i>, <i>intA</i>, <i>prsA2</i>, <i>lgt</i>, <i>hpt</i>, <i>iplA1</i>, <i>bsh</i>, <i>mdrT</i>, <i>mdrM</i>, and <i>brtA</i> existed in all isolates. The percentages of <i>inlA, inlF, inlJ, aut, vip</i> were 97.7%, 97.7%, 97.7%, 83.7%, and 83.7%. A premature stop codon mutation of position 1474(C→T) was detected, resulting in a truncated InlA with 491 aa. High susceptibility to penicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%), erythromycin (100%), daptomycin (100%), meropenem (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), vancomycin (97.7%), tetacycline (97.7%), chloramphenicol (97.7%), and ciprofloxacin (90.7%) was demonstrated. <i>lin</i> and <i>fosX</i> were present in 93.0% of the isolates, respectively. <i>tetM</i> and <i>ermB</i> were also detected. This comprehensive study enriched the understanding of listeriosis cases and diversity of clinical isolates, meanwhile, indicated the spread characteristics of CC1, CC8, and CC87 in China based on phylogeny analysis, providing fundamental data for developing targeting food safety interventions to prevent listeriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Giardia</i> in Nine Species of Wild Rodents in Guangxi, Hunan, and Yunan Provinces, China.","authors":"Ya Qin, Zhen-Qiu Gao, Hai-Tao Wang, Qing-Yu Hou, Si-Yuan Qin, Quan Zhao, He Ma, Li-Hua Yang, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Giardia</i>, a flagellated protozoan, is widely distributed in wild rodents. To characterize the presence of <i>Giardia</i> in wild rodents in southern China, this study collected 344 fecal samples from wild rodents in Guangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan provinces. The β-giardin gene (<i>bg</i>) was amplified to identify the presence of <i>Giardia</i> sp. The results showed that 48 samples (13.95%, 48/344) tested positive for <i>Giardia</i>, including three positives for <i>G. duodenalis</i> (assemblage G <i>n</i> = 1, assemblage F <i>n</i> = 2) and 45 positives for <i>G. microti.</i> Among these, <i>Microtus fortis</i> had the highest prevalence at 30.22% (42/139), followed by <i>Apodemus agrarius</i> (7.14%, 3/42). <i>Rattus flavipectus</i> showed a prevalence of 2.56% (1/39), while <i>Bandicota indica</i> had a rate of 5.13% (2/39). The prevalence of <i>Giardia</i> in males (18.27%, 36/197) was slightly higher than in females (8.16%, 12/147). To the best of our knowledge, the present study reported the detection of assemblage F and assemblage G in <i>B. indica</i> for the first time. In addition, <i>G. microti</i> was found exclusively in <i>M. fortis</i> and a few <i>A. agrarius</i>. This study enriches the epidemiological data on <i>Giardia</i> in wild rodents and provides new insights for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Contamination in Food in Yantai City, China: Based on a 14-Year Continuous Monitoring.","authors":"Fengguang Dong, Guiqiang Wang, Xueying Feng, Chunbo Gong, Zhong Zheng, Youxia Chen, Yapeng Huo, Yiyi Zhang, Hongtao Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that threatens food safety and public health. However, few people have conducted long-term and systematic studies on <i>S. aureus</i> contamination in food in Yantai City. To investigate the contamination situation of <i>S. aureus</i> in food and improve the ability of early warning and control of foodborne diseases, a total of 2384 samples from 17 categories were collected from 13 monitoring points in Yantai City, from 2010 to 2023. Forty-four samples were positively detected for <i>S. aureus</i>, with a detection rate of 1.85% (44/2384). The detection rate of <i>S. aureus</i> was highest in Zhifu District (4.12%), followed by Penglai District (2.45%), Zhaoyuan District (2.37%), Kaifa District (2.19%), and Longkou District (1.98%). Positive detection rates were higher in frozen rice and flour products at 8.82% (6/68), quick-frozen dishes at 5.56% (1/18), aquatic products at 4.05% (3/74), and meat and meat products at 3.55% (27/760). Positive detection rates in samples from the first, second, third, and fourth quarters were 0% (0/44), 2.21% (20/906), 2.13% (22/1033), and 0.50% (2/401), respectively. Positive detection rates in bulk and prepackaged samples were 2.33% (36/1546) and 0.95% (8/838), respectively, with statistically significant differences (<i>χ²</i> = 5.66, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive detection rates were significantly different for samples collected from different sampling stages, of which at production and processing stages was 7.78% (20/257), catering stages 1.38% (10/727), and distribution stages 1% (14/1400) (<i>χ²</i> = 56.41, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Frozen rice and flour products, quick-frozen dishes, aquatic products, and meat and meat products are the main food products contaminated with <i>S. aureus</i>, and the resulting secondary contamination is a hidden danger for the occurrence of foodborne diseases, which should be given sufficient attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CRISPR System and MepA Multidrug Efflux Pump Linked to Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Jingge Wang, Panpan Liu, Na Li, Xiaohui Chen, Xiaoqiang He, Guiqin Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is a major zoonotic pathogen. To investigate CRISPR carriage in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from cows with mastitis and the role of the CRISPR system and efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance. We analyzed antibiotic resistance genes and CRISPR loci, sequenced spacers, and assessed correlations between CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) presence and antibiotic resistance in <i>234 S. aureus</i> isolates. The changes in CRISPR sequences were examined by continuous passage of 360 generations without antibiotic pressure. Subsequently, variations in CRISPR loci and transcript levels were measured under ciprofloxacin (CIP) exposure. In addition, an <i>S. aureus-25-mepA</i> was constructed to evaluate changes in antimicrobial sensitivity and <i>mepA</i> transcript levels in both planktonic and biofilm states. Our results revealed a CRISPR loci detection rate of 7.69% among the <i>234 S. aureus</i> isolates, with significantly lower rates of the antibiotic resistance genes <i>gyrA</i>, <i>grlA</i>, <i>norA</i>, and <i>tet</i>(M) in CRISPR-positive isolates compared to those in CRISPR-negative isolates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CIP-resistant strains exhibited loss of repeat and spacer sequence in CRISPR loci, and the transcript abundance of these loci gradually decreased under CIP pressures, indicating that CRISPR loci deletion or transcript level downregulation under antibiotic stress may be a potential regulatory mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Correlation analysis linked CIP resistance in both planktonic and biofilm <i>S. aureus</i> to <i>mepA</i> transcript levels and biofilm integrity. Our study provides insight into the mechanism by which <i>S. aureus</i> develops antibiotic resistance via the CRISPR system and the MepA efflux pump, offering a theoretical foundation for monitoring the prevalence and resistance of pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}