Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Insights into <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolates from Broilers and Their Handlers in Punjab, India.","authors":"Neha Parmar, Randhir Singh, Anuj Tyagi, Simranpreet Kaur, Hina Malik, Rabinder Singh Aulakh, Anil Kumar Arora, Jatinder Paul Singh Gill","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, a common constituent of human and animal gut microbiota, has emerged as a significant pathogen due to its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) capabilities. This study investigates AMR profiles, virulence factors, and genetic diversity of <i>E. faecalis</i> isolates from broiler farms in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, to explore transmission dynamics between poultry and handlers. A total of 240 samples were collected from 20 farms, comprising 200 broiler droppings, 34 hand swabs from poultry handlers, and 6 human stool samples. Selective media and standard microbiological techniques were employed to isolate and identify <i>E. faecalis</i>. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on representative isolates to uncover antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors. <i>E. faecalis</i> was isolated from 47% of broiler droppings and 26.47% of handler hand swabs, whereas no isolates were recovered from stool samples. High resistance was observed for erythromycin (96.11%), tetracycline (78.64%), ciprofloxacin (76.69%), streptomycin (76.69%), and linezolid (65.04%), with 83.49% of isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Vancomycin resistance genes (<i>vanC1</i>-34.95% and <i>vanC2/C3</i>-9.70%) were also detected. WGS analysis of four isolates identified ARGs such as <i>dfrE</i>, <i>efrA</i>, <i>vanT</i> gene in <i>vanG</i> cluster, <i>vanY</i> gene in <i>vanB</i> cluster, <i>ermB</i>, <i>tet45</i>, <i>tetM</i>, <i>tetA</i>, <i>aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia</i>, <i>ant(4')-Ib</i>, <i>aph(3')-Ia</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul3</i>, <i>mphA</i>, <i>qnrS1</i>, and <i>catA8</i>, as well as virulence factors associated with biofilm formation, adherence, capsule formation, and protease production. Sequence typing identified was ST-1866, ST-7317, and ST-403, with ST-7317 common between broiler droppings and handler swab isolates, indicating potential transmission. While these findings highlight poultry environments as reservoirs for MDR <i>E. faecalis</i>, the directionality of transmission (zoonotic vs. reverse zoonotic) remains unclear. This underscores the need for expanded surveillance and molecular studies to better understand transmission dynamics and mitigate risks to farm workers and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Nanoemulsified Benzyl Isothiocyanate and Carvacrol in Reducing <i>Salmonella</i> Contamination in Alfalfa Seeds and Sprouts.","authors":"Sookyung Oh, Jitendra Patel","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the efficacy of nanoemulsified benzyl isothiocyanate (NBIT) and carvacrol (NCR) to reduce <i>Salmonella</i> contamination on alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Given the susceptibility of sprouts to microbial contamination during germination, improved interventions were needed to enhance food safety without compromising product quality. NBIT and NCR were applied to <i>Salmonella</i>-inoculated seeds at high (6.3 log CFU/g) and low (2.4 log CFU/g) inoculum levels and their impact on <i>Salmonella</i> populations, seed germination, sprout quality (length and weight), and visual appearance was assessed. Results revealed that both NBIT and NCR significantly reduced <i>Salmonella</i> populations and most treatments did not adversely affect seed germination or sprout quality. Treatment with 2.0% NBIT achieved reductions of up to 2.4 log CFU/g on seeds and 6.4 log CFU/g on sprouts after 4 days at the low inoculum level. However, treatment with 2.0% NBIT resulted in an 18.8% reduction in germination that occurred at the high inoculum level and a 10.7% reduction at the low inoculum level, along with a slight decrease in sprout size. In contrast, treatments with 0.5% and 1.0% NBIT, as well as 2.0% NCR, reduced <i>Salmonella</i> on seeds by 1.5-2.0 log CFU/g, regardless of inoculum level, and achieved reductions of 5.0-6.4 log CFU/g on sprouts at the low inoculum level. In addition, NBIT (0.5% and 1.0%) and NCR (2.0%) preserved seed germination rates and sprout quality metrics, including length, weight, and visual appearance, comparable with untreated controls. These findings highlight the potential of NBIT and NCR as effective antimicrobial agents for improving the microbial safety of alfalfa sprouts without compromising quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Limonene Vapor and UV Treatment Against <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Quail Eggs: Potential Mode of Action.","authors":"Narumol Matan, Katthayawan Khunjan","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel, refrigeration-free preservation method to extend quail egg shelf life and enhance consumer safety. The antimicrobial efficacy of limonene vapor against <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was evaluated. Limonene nanoemulsions (0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.12%) were used to generate vapor for coating eggshells. The coating process was performed using an ultrasonic device with a controllable temperature chamber to maintain different temperatures: 4°C (cold), 25°C (medium), and 37°C (high temperature). The antimicrobial efficacy was enhanced by applying UV irradiation for 10 min. The mode of action was analyzed through bacterial morphology, biofilm formation, and cell leakage. Limonene vapor (0.08%) at 4°C with ultraviolet (UV) reduced <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis and <i>S. aureus</i> by 6-7 log₁₀ on eggshells, whereas at 25°C and 37°C, the reductions were only 3.5 log₁₀ and 2.8 log₁₀, respectively. <i>Salmonella</i> was not detected, and <i>S. aureus</i> remained within food safety standards when quail eggs were stored at 30 ± 2°C for 10 days, compared with the control, which showed bacterial growth within one day. Possible mechanisms of action suggested that cold-generated limonene formed a thin film on the eggshell surface. This film caused deformation and abnormal morphology in <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis cells and induced pore formation in <i>S. aureus</i> cell walls, enhancing bacterial cell injury. UV exposure further exacerbated cellular damage, resulting in a synergistic antimicrobial effect. However, this method did not cause significant membrane damage or lead to substantial leakage of intracellular materials in <i>S. aureus</i>. This method was cost-effective and could be adapted for on-farm application before distribution, ensuring safer eggs for consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Against Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury Via Extracellular Vesicles in Rats.","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhu, Xiaofang Zhang, WenHui Huang, Meiying Luo, Xin Feng, Huihua Zhang, Qien Qi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The beneficial effects of probiotics on alcohol-induced liver injury have been studied, but the mechanisms by which <i>Enterococcus</i> regulates liver function are still under investigation. In this study, we examined <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (Efm) and <i>E. faecium</i>-derived extracellular vesicles (EfmEVs) to provide a protective effect against ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. We evaluated the impact of EfmEVs on liver histological lesions, antioxidative function, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and serum ALT, AST, blood alcohol concentration. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with Efm significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced liver injury. Efm pretreatment mitigated the decline in ethanol-induced liver antioxidant indicators (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, Efm pretreatment significantly reduced ethanol-induced ALT activities in the liver and serum, potentially by lowering blood ethanol concentration. Further, functional studies on three bioactive components (inactivated Efm, EfmEVs, and EVs-free supernatants) from the bacterial culture revealed that EVs were primarily responsible for the liver-protective effect. Moreover, EVs secretion contributed to the overall liver-protective effect of Efm. In summary, EfmEVs mediated the protective effect of Efm against ethanol-induced liver injury, potentially by improving antioxidative function and lowering blood ethanol concentration. These findings suggest that EfmEVs could serve as a potential antioxidative strategy to alleviate alcohol-induced acute liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Genotyping of <i>Blastocystis</i> in Farmed Minks and Raccoon Dogs in Northern China.","authors":"Nian-Yu Xue, Yanchun Wang, Hai-Tao Wang, Qing-Yu Hou, Ya Qin, Jing Jiang, Yan Tang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Blastocystis</i> is a common intestinal protozoan found in both humans and animals. However, research on <i>Blastocystis</i> infections in minks (<i>Neovison vison</i>) and raccoon dogs (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>) is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> in these two species across northern provinces of China using small subunit rRNA gene sequence analysis. We examined 275 minks (89 from Hebei Province, 57 from Heilongjiang Province, 109 from Liaoning Province, and 20 from Shandong Province) and 235 raccoon dogs (114 from Hebei Province, 27 from Heilongjiang Province, 61 from Liaoning Province, and 33 from Jilin Province). The overall infection rate was 13.5% (69/510). Farmed minks had a prevalence of 1.5% (4/275), while raccoon dogs showed a significantly higher prevalence of 27.7% (65/235). We identified five distinct subtypes (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5, and potentially novel subtype) across both species: ST1 (15 cases), ST2 (15 cases), ST3 (31 cases), ST5 (7 cases), and potentially novel subtype (1 case). This study is the first to report ST1 and ST3 in minks and ST1, ST2, ST5, and potentially novel subtype in raccoon dogs. As ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST5 subtypes are also found in humans, our findings suggest that minks and raccoon dogs may serve as potential reservoirs for human <i>Blastocystis</i> infections. Furthermore, the newly identified, potentially novel subtype might also be transmissible to humans or other animals. This research enhances our understanding of <i>Blastocystis</i> distribution among hosts in China and supports zoonotic disease prevention efforts related to farmed minks and raccoon dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protease Stabilizing Antimicrobial Peptide D1018M Showed Potent Antibiofilm and Anti-Intracellular Bacteria Activity Against MRSA.","authors":"Zirui Zhang, Jian Jiao, Jili Zhang, Lian Tan, Xunxi Dong, Runzhe Wu, Qiang Wang, Hao Wang, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) poses a major threat to human health and food safety, especially when bacteria form biofilms or invade host cells, which may cause recurring infections. A new solution is therefore urgently needed. The antimicrobial peptide innate defense regulator (IDR)-1018 and its derived peptide 1018M showed promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Nevertheless, their antibacterial efficacy against intracellular MRSA and protease tolerance remains to be promoted. Therefore, we synthesized D-amino acid substitution peptides D1018 and D1018M. The antimicrobial activity against MRSA of these novel peptides was increased by 1-fold (D1018) or remained constant (D1018M) compared with L-amino acids peptides. Their bactericidal mechanisms involve cell wall destruction, membrane penetration, and genomic DNA disruption. As expected, the stability of D1018 and D1018M was increased by 2-32 times against pepsin, trypsin, and cathepsin K. In addition, by D-amino acids substitution, the antibiofilm ability of D1018 was increased by 1.6 times, and the anti-intracellular bacterial activity of D1018M was improved 3.2-5.7 orders of magnitude. These data indicated that D1018M is a potential antimicrobial candidate for recurring MRSA infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application Research on the Triplex RT-ddPCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Human Astrovirus and Sapovirus in Bivalve Shellfish.","authors":"Maolin Wei, Jinfeng Wang, Yan Wang, Libing Liu, Xiangdong Xu, Jianchang Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2025.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2025.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human astrovirus (HAstV) and sapovirus (SaV) are significant pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans. This study established a triple reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RT-ddPCR) assay incorporating MS2 phage as a process control virus for the simultaneous quantification of HAstV and SaV. The assay was validated using 240 bivalve samples, comprising five shellfish species: <i>Ostreidae</i> (<i>n</i> = 43), <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i> (<i>n</i> = 84), <i>Sinonovacula constricta</i> (<i>n</i> = 27), <i>Scapharca subcrenata</i> (<i>n</i> = 23), and <i>Pectinidae</i> (<i>n</i> = 63). The results indicated that the developed RT-ddPCR assay had a good exclusivity, with detection limits of 5.15 copies/reaction for HAstV, 7.71 copies/reaction for SaV, and 6.13 copies/reaction for MS2 RNA. Viral screening revealed HAstV in 1.25% (3/240) of samples, with a maximum load of 22,140 copies/2 g, while SaV exhibited a higher prevalence of 13.33% (32/240) and a peak concentration of 68,700 copies/2 g. Different species of bivalve shellfish exhibited varying detection rates; the highest SaV detection rate was found in <i>Ostreidaes</i> at 20.93% (9/43), followed by <i>Ruditapes philippinarums</i> at 14.29% (12/84), <i>Scapharca subcrenatas</i> at 13.04% (3/23), <i>Pectinidaes</i> at 11.11% (7/63), and <i>Sinonovacula constrictas</i> at 3.70% (1/27). HAstV was only detected in <i>R. philippinarums</i> and <i>Pectinidaes</i>, with detection rates of 1.19% (1/84) and 3.17% (2/63), respectively. Additionally, both HAstV and SaV were detected in a single <i>Pectinidae</i> sample (0.42%, 1/240). The triple RT-ddPCR assay developed in this study is reliable, accurate, and highly sensitive, providing effective technical support for the quantitative detection of HAstV and SaV in bivalve shellfish.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Chinese Traditional Pickles.","authors":"Delong Li, Fumin Tan, YiXin Sun, Cuijuan Gao, Yunguo Liu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the widespread application and even misuse of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are extensively present in various environments, from natural environment to fermented foods, posing emerging threat to public and environmental health. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique is commonly used to detect ARGs of environmental samples such as soil or water. In this study, eight types of pickles were collected from four regions of China and the existence of 13 resistance genes was assessed by qPCR. The results showed that a total of 11 resistance genes were detected in pickles, the <i>blaTEM</i> gene was detected in all samples, and the <i>neo</i> and <i>cat</i> genes were absent. The abundance of resistance genes varied, <i>aada1</i> (1.09 × 10⁵ to 5.94 × 10⁶ copies/g), <i>blaTEM</i> (1.48 × 10⁵ to 2.2 × 10⁶ copies/g), <i>ermc</i> (1.01 × 10⁵ to 5.35 × 10⁵ copies/g), <i>hyg</i> (1.35 × 10⁵ to 1.93 × 10⁶ copies/g), <i>aadd</i> (4.46 × 10⁵ to 1.60 × 10⁶ copies/g), <i>nat1</i> (1.04 × 10⁵ to 5.04 × 10⁵ copies/g), <i>nptII</i> (2.17 × 10⁴ to 1.69 × 10⁵ copies/g), <i>sul1</i> (2.01 × 10⁵ to 4.60 × 10⁵ copies/g), <i>tetl</i> (1.23 × 10⁵ to 6.18 × 10⁵ copies/g), <i>shble</i> (1.68 × 10⁴ copies/g), and <i>stra</i> (4.8 × 10⁴ to 1.9 × 10⁵copies/g). We also discussed the specificity and sensitivity assessment of qPCR applied to ARGs analysis in pickles, verifying the feasibility and validity of the method. Bacteria were isolated and purified from pickles as well and their antimicrobial resistance was studied. This study is of great significance for the risk assessment of resistance genes in pickles. Effective and preventive solutions were proposed to reduce the spread of resistance genes and protect public dietary health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-Producing and Colistin-Resistant <i>Escherichia Coli</i> in Pig Abattoirs: Impacts on Food Safety.","authors":"Imporn Saenkankam, Prasert Apiwatsiri, Natthapong Supimon, Waree Niyomtham, David J Hampson, Nuvee Prapasarakul","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, particularly the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and colistin-resistant strains in livestock, is a significant public health concern. The effectiveness of pig abattoir management, specifically through Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) protocols, in reducing antimicrobial-resistant contamination continues to be scrutinized. This study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and critical contamination points of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> (ESBL-Ec) and colistin-resistant ESBL-Ec across the slaughtering processes in two pig abattoirs in Thailand-one operating under HACCP standards and the other certified solely under Good Manufacturing Practices. A higher prevalence of ESBL-Ec was found in the non-HACCP facility (67.98%) compared with the HACCP facility (52.04%), especially in pig carcasses. Skin and carcass washing in HACCP facilities effectively decreased bacterial contamination. Conversely, non-HACCP facilities should implement measures such as cleaning skin with disinfectants at the lairage, regularly monitoring and adjusting the final washing protocol, and strict sterilization of chopping plates to effectively control contamination points. Most ESBL-Ec isolates were multidrug-resistant and carried <i>bla</i>_CTX-M group 1 or group 9 genes. Additionally, 12.6% of these isolates were resistant to colistin, with the <i>mcr-1</i> gene predominantly identified. ST10 was the dominant clone of <i>mcr</i>-carrying ESBL-Ec across various slaughtering stages and sample types. These findings highlight the importance of implementing HACCP protocols to reduce contamination, enhance food safety, and mitigate public health risks. Ongoing AMR monitoring to find critical points along the slaughtering process is essential to reduce sources of AMR transmission to consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Profiling and Virulence Characterization of <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> Strains Isolated from Powdered Spices and Instant Cereals in Nanning, China.","authors":"Lili Zhang, Kunpeng Bu, Hui Yang, Pu Li, Zicong He, Tong Wu, Xiaoyu Li, Hao Nong, Shuang Wu, Jianqiu Qin, Hong Shu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Conobacter sakazakii</i> represents a significant foodborne pathogen threatening susceptible populations, yet its molecular characteristics in powdered spices and instant cereals remain poorly characterized. This investigation analyzed 45 retail samples (20 spices, 25 cereals) collected from Nanning, China, through pathogen isolation, whole genome sequencing, and bioinformatics profiling to elucidate virulence determinants, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic features. The study revealed an overall contamination rate of 22.2% (10/45), with contamination rates of 25.0% in spices and 20.0% in cereals. Predominant serotype O1 accounted for 70.0% of isolates, while multilocus sequence typing identified seven sequence types, including novel ST1008. Genomic analysis demonstrated high genetic diversity (allelic differences: 57-2678) and revealed 42 virulence-associated genes (including <i>flgA</i>, <i>ompA</i>, and <i>rpoS</i>) alongside multidrug resistance patterns (notably to selected β-lactams). Crucially, mobile genetic element-mediated <i>mcr-9</i> (conferring colistin resistance) and <i>astA</i> (encoding heat-stable enterotoxin) were detected, indicating significant transmission risks. This study provides the first documentation of concurrent virulence-resistance characteristics in <i>C. sakazakii</i> from Chinese retail powdered foods, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance throughout low-moisture food supply chains to mitigate infection risks in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}