{"title":"Emergence and Characterization of the High-Level Tigecycline Resistance Gene <i>tet</i>(X4) in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Rissen from Food in China.","authors":"Hongzhi Zhang, Wenjie Chen, Xiaoyu Lu, Yingying Liang, Xiao Quan, Xin Liu, Tianqi Shi, Ying Yu, Ruichao Li, Huanyu Wu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0101","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plasmid-mediated <i>tet</i>(X4) gene has exhibited a high-level resistance to tigecycline (TGC), which has raised concerns globally regarding antibiotic resistance. Although the widespread <i>tet</i>(X4) has been found widely in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, it is scarcely found in other Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to characterize a ST469 <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Rissen (<i>S.</i> Rissen) isolate harboring <i>tet</i>(X4) from pork, which was identified and characterized via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, plasmid curing testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. Ten ST469 <i>S.</i> Rissen isolates of 223 <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates were isolated from food samples in China during 2021-2023. One of 10 <i>S</i>. Rissen isolates, SM2301, carrying <i>tet</i>(X4) conferred high-level resistance to TGC (minimum inhibitory concentration > 8 µg/mL). The <i>tet</i>(X4) could be conjugated into different recipients, including <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. enteritidis</i>, and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates. Plasmid curing confirmed that <i>tet</i>(X4) was plasmid-mediated. Genetic analysis revealed that the <i>tet</i>(X4) in the SM2301 isolate was located in the IncFIA(HI1)-IncHI1A-IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid, and the structure of <i>tet</i>(X4) was <i>abh</i>-<i>tet</i>(X4)-IS<i>CR2</i>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a <i>tet</i>(X4)-positive food-derived <i>S. Rissen</i> isolate. The extending bacterial species of <i>tet</i>(X4)-bearing plasmids suggested the increasing transmission risk of the mobile TGC resistance gene <i>tet</i>(X4) beyond <i>E. coli</i>. This study highlights the emerging and evolution risk of novel resistance genes across various bacterial species. Therefore, further surveillance is warranted to monitor the prevalence of <i>tet</i>(X4) in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and other bacterial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0101","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The plasmid-mediated tet(X4) gene has exhibited a high-level resistance to tigecycline (TGC), which has raised concerns globally regarding antibiotic resistance. Although the widespread tet(X4) has been found widely in Escherichia coli, it is scarcely found in other Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to characterize a ST469 Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen (S. Rissen) isolate harboring tet(X4) from pork, which was identified and characterized via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, plasmid curing testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. Ten ST469 S. Rissen isolates of 223 Salmonella spp. isolates were isolated from food samples in China during 2021-2023. One of 10 S. Rissen isolates, SM2301, carrying tet(X4) conferred high-level resistance to TGC (minimum inhibitory concentration > 8 µg/mL). The tet(X4) could be conjugated into different recipients, including E. coli, S. enteritidis, and K. pneumoniae isolates. Plasmid curing confirmed that tet(X4) was plasmid-mediated. Genetic analysis revealed that the tet(X4) in the SM2301 isolate was located in the IncFIA(HI1)-IncHI1A-IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid, and the structure of tet(X4) was abh-tet(X4)-ISCR2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a tet(X4)-positive food-derived S. Rissen isolate. The extending bacterial species of tet(X4)-bearing plasmids suggested the increasing transmission risk of the mobile TGC resistance gene tet(X4) beyond E. coli. This study highlights the emerging and evolution risk of novel resistance genes across various bacterial species. Therefore, further surveillance is warranted to monitor the prevalence of tet(X4) in Salmonella spp. and other bacterial species.
期刊介绍:
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease is one of the most inclusive scientific publications on the many disciplines that contribute to food safety. Spanning an array of issues from "farm-to-fork," the Journal bridges the gap between science and policy to reduce the burden of foodborne illness worldwide.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease coverage includes:
Agroterrorism
Safety of organically grown and genetically modified foods
Emerging pathogens
Emergence of drug resistance
Methods and technology for rapid and accurate detection
Strategies to destroy or control foodborne pathogens
Novel strategies for the prevention and control of plant and animal diseases that impact food safety
Biosecurity issues and the implications of new regulatory guidelines
Impact of changing lifestyles and consumer demands on food safety.