Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of the Six Major Non-O157 Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia Coli</i> in Food Marketed in Morocco.","authors":"Bouchra Ouarroud, Mohammed El Maadoudi, Ayoub Kounnoun, Lamyaa El Mamoun, Amina Barakat","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The six major non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are responsible for serious foodborne outbreaks worldwide. This research aimed to detect the six major non-O157 STEC in ground beef, artisanal dairy products, lettuce, spinach, turkey, and chicken sold in northern Morocco. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to identify the presence of the <i>stx1</i>, <i>stx2</i>, <i>eae</i>, <i>wzx O26</i>, <i>wzx O45</i>, <i>wzx O103</i>, <i>wbdl O111</i>, <i>wzx O121</i>, and <i>ihp1 O145</i> genes. Out of 310 samples analyzed, Shiga toxin (<i>stx)</i> was detected in 55 enrichments (17.74%), <i>stx,</i> and <i>eae</i> were detected in 54/310 enrichments (17.42%), <i>stx</i>, <i>eae,</i> and genes of at least one of the six serogroups were detected in 34/310 enrichments (10.97%). Among the food matrices analyzed, ground beef showed the highest contamination rate with <i>stx</i>, <i>eae,</i> and O serogroups 13/70 (18.6%), followed by dairy 17/100 (17.00%), turkey 3/40 (7.5%), and chicken 1/40 (2.5%). No O serogroups were detected in lettuce and spinach. The most frequent serogroup was O26 (22/34; 64.7%), followed by O145 (12/34; 35.3%), O45 (12/34; 35.3%), O121 (8/34; 23.5%), O103 (8/34; 23.5%), and O111 (6/34; 17.6%). A set of 32 STEC strains were isolated from nine positive samples (9/34; 26.5%). A high rate of food contamination with STEC may indicate firstly a high public health risk due to this pathogen in beef and dairy products and secondly a lack of compliance with standard hygiene practices. Consequently, it emphasizes the urgent need for rigorous monitoring and intervention measures aimed at mitigating the incidence of STEC contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporadic Listeriosis Cases, Genotypic Characteristics, and Antibiotic Resistance of Associated <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Isolates in Zhejiang Province, China (2016 - 2022).","authors":"Yunyi Zhang, Junyan Zhang, Jiancai Chen, Xiaojuan Qi, Zhen Zhang, Honghu Chen, Beibei Wu, Li Zhan, Jie Chen","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (<i>L. monocytogenes</i>) is an important foodborne pathogen. In this study, 41 sporadic listeriosis cases were collected during 2016-2022, including 92.7% of invasive cases and 56.1% of pregnancy-associated cases. The age of cases ranged from 0 days to 88 years, with the majority occurring in individuals aged 20 to <30 years. Serotype 1/2 b was most prevalent among 43 <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates, followed by 1/2 a, 4 b, and 3a. Sixteen clonal complexes (CCs) were determined. CC87 occupied the top slot. Genome sequencing-based phylogeny results indicated that Chinese CC1, CC8, and CC87 isolates mostly clustered in clades separating from isolates from other countries. Meanwhile, a few Chinese isolates participated in cocirculating CC1, CC8, and CC87 in Asia, Europe, Africa, South America, North America, and Oceania. All isolates harbored LIPI-1 while LIPI-2 was absent. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 exhibited an apparent relationship with lineage and CCs. It was notably that CC4, CC224, and CC619 carried both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. <i>inlB</i>, <i>inlC</i>, <i>inlH</i>, <i>inlK</i>, <i>ipeA</i>, <i>srtA</i>, <i>dltA</i>, <i>lap</i>, <i>ami</i>, <i>fbpA</i>, <i>stp</i>, <i>oatA</i>, <i>intA</i>, <i>prsA2</i>, <i>lgt</i>, <i>hpt</i>, <i>iplA1</i>, <i>bsh</i>, <i>mdrT</i>, <i>mdrM</i>, and <i>brtA</i> existed in all isolates. The percentages of <i>inlA, inlF, inlJ, aut, vip</i> were 97.7%, 97.7%, 97.7%, 83.7%, and 83.7%. A premature stop codon mutation of position 1474(C→T) was detected, resulting in a truncated InlA with 491 aa. High susceptibility to penicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%), erythromycin (100%), daptomycin (100%), meropenem (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), vancomycin (97.7%), tetacycline (97.7%), chloramphenicol (97.7%), and ciprofloxacin (90.7%) was demonstrated. <i>lin</i> and <i>fosX</i> were present in 93.0% of the isolates, respectively. <i>tetM</i> and <i>ermB</i> were also detected. This comprehensive study enriched the understanding of listeriosis cases and diversity of clinical isolates, meanwhile, indicated the spread characteristics of CC1, CC8, and CC87 in China based on phylogeny analysis, providing fundamental data for developing targeting food safety interventions to prevent listeriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Giardia</i> in Nine Species of Wild Rodents in Guangxi, Hunan, and Yunan Provinces, China.","authors":"Ya Qin, Zhen-Qiu Gao, Hai-Tao Wang, Qing-Yu Hou, Si-Yuan Qin, Quan Zhao, He Ma, Li-Hua Yang, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Giardia</i>, a flagellated protozoan, is widely distributed in wild rodents. To characterize the presence of <i>Giardia</i> in wild rodents in southern China, this study collected 344 fecal samples from wild rodents in Guangxi, Hunan, and Yunnan provinces. The β-giardin gene (<i>bg</i>) was amplified to identify the presence of <i>Giardia</i> sp. The results showed that 48 samples (13.95%, 48/344) tested positive for <i>Giardia</i>, including three positives for <i>G. duodenalis</i> (assemblage G <i>n</i> = 1, assemblage F <i>n</i> = 2) and 45 positives for <i>G. microti.</i> Among these, <i>Microtus fortis</i> had the highest prevalence at 30.22% (42/139), followed by <i>Apodemus agrarius</i> (7.14%, 3/42). <i>Rattus flavipectus</i> showed a prevalence of 2.56% (1/39), while <i>Bandicota indica</i> had a rate of 5.13% (2/39). The prevalence of <i>Giardia</i> in males (18.27%, 36/197) was slightly higher than in females (8.16%, 12/147). To the best of our knowledge, the present study reported the detection of assemblage F and assemblage G in <i>B. indica</i> for the first time. In addition, <i>G. microti</i> was found exclusively in <i>M. fortis</i> and a few <i>A. agrarius</i>. This study enriches the epidemiological data on <i>Giardia</i> in wild rodents and provides new insights for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Contamination in Food in Yantai City, China: Based on a 14-Year Continuous Monitoring.","authors":"Fengguang Dong, Guiqiang Wang, Xueying Feng, Chunbo Gong, Zhong Zheng, Youxia Chen, Yapeng Huo, Yiyi Zhang, Hongtao Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that threatens food safety and public health. However, few people have conducted long-term and systematic studies on <i>S. aureus</i> contamination in food in Yantai City. To investigate the contamination situation of <i>S. aureus</i> in food and improve the ability of early warning and control of foodborne diseases, a total of 2384 samples from 17 categories were collected from 13 monitoring points in Yantai City, from 2010 to 2023. Forty-four samples were positively detected for <i>S. aureus</i>, with a detection rate of 1.85% (44/2384). The detection rate of <i>S. aureus</i> was highest in Zhifu District (4.12%), followed by Penglai District (2.45%), Zhaoyuan District (2.37%), Kaifa District (2.19%), and Longkou District (1.98%). Positive detection rates were higher in frozen rice and flour products at 8.82% (6/68), quick-frozen dishes at 5.56% (1/18), aquatic products at 4.05% (3/74), and meat and meat products at 3.55% (27/760). Positive detection rates in samples from the first, second, third, and fourth quarters were 0% (0/44), 2.21% (20/906), 2.13% (22/1033), and 0.50% (2/401), respectively. Positive detection rates in bulk and prepackaged samples were 2.33% (36/1546) and 0.95% (8/838), respectively, with statistically significant differences (<i>χ²</i> = 5.66, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Positive detection rates were significantly different for samples collected from different sampling stages, of which at production and processing stages was 7.78% (20/257), catering stages 1.38% (10/727), and distribution stages 1% (14/1400) (<i>χ²</i> = 56.41, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Frozen rice and flour products, quick-frozen dishes, aquatic products, and meat and meat products are the main food products contaminated with <i>S. aureus</i>, and the resulting secondary contamination is a hidden danger for the occurrence of foodborne diseases, which should be given sufficient attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CRISPR System and MepA Multidrug Efflux Pump Linked to Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Jingge Wang, Panpan Liu, Na Li, Xiaohui Chen, Xiaoqiang He, Guiqin Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is a major zoonotic pathogen. To investigate CRISPR carriage in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from cows with mastitis and the role of the CRISPR system and efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance. We analyzed antibiotic resistance genes and CRISPR loci, sequenced spacers, and assessed correlations between CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) presence and antibiotic resistance in <i>234 S. aureus</i> isolates. The changes in CRISPR sequences were examined by continuous passage of 360 generations without antibiotic pressure. Subsequently, variations in CRISPR loci and transcript levels were measured under ciprofloxacin (CIP) exposure. In addition, an <i>S. aureus-25-mepA</i> was constructed to evaluate changes in antimicrobial sensitivity and <i>mepA</i> transcript levels in both planktonic and biofilm states. Our results revealed a CRISPR loci detection rate of 7.69% among the <i>234 S. aureus</i> isolates, with significantly lower rates of the antibiotic resistance genes <i>gyrA</i>, <i>grlA</i>, <i>norA</i>, and <i>tet</i>(M) in CRISPR-positive isolates compared to those in CRISPR-negative isolates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CIP-resistant strains exhibited loss of repeat and spacer sequence in CRISPR loci, and the transcript abundance of these loci gradually decreased under CIP pressures, indicating that CRISPR loci deletion or transcript level downregulation under antibiotic stress may be a potential regulatory mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Correlation analysis linked CIP resistance in both planktonic and biofilm <i>S. aureus</i> to <i>mepA</i> transcript levels and biofilm integrity. Our study provides insight into the mechanism by which <i>S. aureus</i> develops antibiotic resistance via the CRISPR system and the MepA efflux pump, offering a theoretical foundation for monitoring the prevalence and resistance of pathogenic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Community Structures in Raw Pork from Supermarkets and Farmers' Markets Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing Analysis.","authors":"Ge Zhao, Na Lv, Wenjun Xiang, Yunzhe Liu, Shiping Song, Lin Wang, Xiyue Zhang, Yubin Gao, Na Liu, Junhui Liu, Junwei Wang, Ming Zou","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pork contaminated with bacteria can shorten the shelf life and cause foodborne diseases. Bacterial community analysis of raw pork in sale process can help identify bacteria associated with food quality and safety. In this study, 52 pork samples were collected from various supermarkets and farmers' markets in Qingdao, China. And the bacterial community structures in pork were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA. Both the <i>α</i>-diversity and <i>β</i>-diversity of bacterial communities in pork samples from farmers' market were higher than those from supermarkets (ANOSIM test, <i>R</i>² = 0.049, <i>p</i> = 0.016). <i>Proteobacteria</i> (88.8%) was the most dominant phylum, and <i>Photobacterium</i> (44.5%) and <i>Acinetobacter</i> (23.9%) were the top two dominant genera in all pork samples. The abundance of most dominant bacterial genera was higher in pork samples from farmers' markets than those from supermarkets, But <i>Photobacterium</i> (ranking first) was just the opposite (<i>p</i> = 0.003). The bacterial communities in pork hadn't obvious clustering characteristics between the two sale locations, while <i>Photobacterium</i> was considered as the biomarker in pork samples from supermarkets according to LefSe analysis (linear discriminant analysis score >4.0). A strong correlation was observed between some samples (R >0.7) collected from different stalls within the same sampling location, indicating cross-contamination possibility in sale process. The findings may have implications for the quality and safety control of pork, particularly for microbial prevention and control during selling and consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptides Suppress <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Based on <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> A1 Fermentation.","authors":"Feng Guan, Chen Yu, Lu Yang, Yongjun Yuan","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence supports the efficacy of antimicrobial peptides against foodborne pathogens, though their antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism can vary depending on their origin. We investigated the antimicrobial spectrum of antimicrobial peptides derived from <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> A1, their effects on the survival rate and bactericidal mechanisms against <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, and identified the functional short peptides within them. The crude extracts of antimicrobial peptides exhibited antibacterial properties against 13 pathogenic bacteria, showing strong inhibition of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> by disrupting the structural integrity of cell membranes. At minimum inhibitory concentrations, these peptides significantly disrupted the initial adhesion, membrane formation, and existing biofilms of <i>V. parahaemolyticu</i>s, effectively inhibiting pathogen spread, enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents, and reducing food safety risks. LC-MS/MS identification revealed four effective short peptides, all demonstrating potent bacteriostatic effects against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. Our findings indicate that antimicrobial peptides can effectively destroy bacterial structures as well as the stability and regeneration of biofilms, making them promising candidates for use as food additives to control foodborne pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharides from <i>Millettia speciosa</i> Champ. Ameliorates Excessive Exercise-Induced Fatigue by Regulating Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Jinfeng Zhang, Wenkai Zhang, Longhui Yu, Qinru Yang, Wenjing Wang, Xinru Hu, Jingen Li, Guodong Zheng","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the ameliorative effect of <i>Millettia speciosa</i> Champ. polysaccharides (MSP) on excessive exercise-induced fatigue (EF) mice. The physicochemical characterization and <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant activities were analyzed. The fatigue-related biochemical indexes were determined, and gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that MSP primarily consists of total carbohydrates, uronic acids, and proteins. It was mainly composed of glucose, arabinose, and galactose. Additionally, MSP showed good scavenging effects on free radicals. In the experiment of EF mice, MSP intervention effectively extended the pole-climbing and swimming time, significantly increased the levels of muscle and liver glycogen, blood glucose, adenosine triphosphate, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, while significantly decreased the levels of fatigue-related lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and urea nitrogen. Furthermore, MSP intervention reduced harmful bacteria (<i>Helicobacter</i>, <i>Anaerotruncus</i>, <i>Erysipelatoclostridium</i>, and <i>Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group</i>), and enriched the beneficial bacteria (<i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, and <i>Roseburia</i>). Therefore, MSP may utilize the gut microbiota as a target to alleviate fatigue caused by excessive exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Antimicrobial Exposure on Generic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Concentration, Prevalence, and Resistance to Antimicrobials in Beef Cattle Raised with or Without Antimicrobials.","authors":"Colten W Dornbach, James E Wells, Elaine D Berry, Samodha C Fernando, Paul R Broadway, Kristin E Hales","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to longitudinally evaluate the association between antimicrobial exposure and resistance occurrence within generic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. populations in feedlot beef cattle raised conventionally or raised without antimicrobials. Angus steers (<i>n</i> = 180) were sorted into 1 of 2 treatments over 2 consecutive years (108 in yr 1 and 72 in yr 2): steers raised without antimicrobials (NAT) and conventionally raised steers exposed to antimicrobials (CONV). Pens within treatment were adjacent and separated by five empty pens from the other treatment. Monensin and tylosin were included in CONV steer diets. On d 123, CONV steers received a metaphylactic antimicrobial. Longitudinal diet (<i>n</i> = 6/year) and fecal (<i>n</i> = 5/year) sampling timepoints were collected to determine <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. concentration, prevalence, and resistance patterns. Dietary <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. concentrations, and erythromycin (8ERY^R; 128ERY^R), tetracycline (TET^R), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (COT^R), and cefotaxime (CTX^R) resistant <i>E. coli</i> concentrations and prevalence were greater in NAT diets than CONV diets (<i>p</i> < 0.02). Fecal <i>E. coli</i> concentrations tended to be greater in NAT steers than CON steers (<i>p</i> = 0.07). Fecal TET^R <i>E. coli</i> concentrations were greater in CONV steers than NAT steers (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Fecal COT^R and CTX^R <i>E. coli</i> prevalence was greater for CONV steers at the beginning of the finishing phase while greater for NAT steers at the end of the finishing phase (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Fecal <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. concentrations did not differ between treatments (<i>p</i> = 0.11). Concentrations of 8ERY^R and 128ERY^R <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. were greater in CONV steers on d 64, 130, and 168 than NAT steers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, antimicrobial resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. and <i>E. coli</i> were detected regardless of antimicrobial exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Multidrug-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by Combined Use of Antimicrobials and Phage STPX-6 with Broad Spectrum and High Efficiency.","authors":"Lin Wang, Zhen Xiao, Juan Wang, Na Liu, Wen Jiang, Yaopeng Liu, Fangyuan Hu, Huanqi Liu, Junhui Liu, Zhina Qu, Junwei Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> The emergence of antibiotic-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, especially methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA), poses a great challenge for animal and public health. This study aimed to isolate a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency MRSA phage and explore the phage-antibiotic synergistic effect on MRSA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Phage STPX-6 belongs to <i>Caudovirales</i>, <i>Podoviridae</i>. It has a hexahedral head and a short tail. Its genome length was 17,007 bp, and it did not contain resistance genes and virulence genes. STPX-6 lysed 79.6% (133/167) of 167 <i>S. aureu</i>s and 87.96% (95/108) of MRSA from different sources. The titer of phage was 1.18 × 10¹⁰ PFU/mL, the optimal multiplicity of infection was 1, the latent period and lysis period were about 10 min and 60 min, respectively, and the burst amount was 68 PFU/cell. At 50°C and 70-90°C, the titer of STPX-6 was maintained at about 10¹⁰ PFU/mL and at least 10³ PFU/mL, respectively. In the range of pH 4-12, the titer of phage remained above 10⁸ PFU/mL, and it remained above 10⁴ PFU/mL at pH 2, 3, 13, and 14. The combined application of phage STPX-6 and enrofloxacin, doxycycline, ampicillin could reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the three antibiotics to 1/4 MIC, 1/16 MIC, and 1/2 MIC, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study found that for the host MRSA, lytic phage STPX-6 had the characteristics of a broad lytic spectrum, a short latent period, strong adaptability and strong tolerance to high temperature, a strong acid and strong alkali environment, and might maintain certain activity under extreme environment. More importantly, the combination of phage STPX-6 with enrofloxacin, doxycycline, and ampicillin could reduce the antibiotic concentration used for MRSA. In other words, phages as new antibacterial agents have received increasing attention. The combined application of phages and antibiotics provides a new method for controlling multidrug resistant bacteria and reduce the use of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}