Foodborne pathogens and disease最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Survival of Protoscoleces of Hydatid Cyst in Liver <i>In Vitro</i>.","authors":"Pouya Zabihian, Nasser Hajipour, Parviz Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydatid cyst is the metacestode stage of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> that occurs in herbivores and humans as intermediate hosts by consuming parasite eggs through forage and vegetables. Carnivores, as definitive hosts, become infected by consuming infected vesicles of herbivores. The most effective treatment for a hydatid cyst is surgical operation. Inactivating <i>E. granulosus</i> protoscoleces through heating, cooling, or chemicals such as sodium chloride can be considered an effective method for controlling hydatidosis in both humans and animals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different temperatures and salinity conditions on the survival of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> protoscoleces. For this purpose, 50 g of infected liver (in triplicate) was separately treated with different temperatures (+10°C, +50°C, +60°C, +72°C, and -20°C) and concentrations of sodium chloride (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Additionally, 50 g of infected liver was stored separately in the refrigerator (+4°C) as a control group. The survival rate of the protoscoleces was evaluated by staining with 1% eosin under a light microscope. The results showed that the protoscoleces were significantly affected, with 100% mortality at -20°C after 0.5 h, and complete death at +72°C, +60°C, +50°C, and +10°C after 1, 1.5, 3, and 24 h, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.005). Similarly, the protoscoleces in the liver mass survived at 5% NaCl after 3 h but died at 10% after 24 h, at 15% after 12 h, and at 20% after 6 h. It is concluded that exposing the liver infected with protoscoleces hydatid cyst to a temperature of -20°C and a sodium chloride concentration of 10% for 24 h is suitable for inactivating the protoscoleces.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"669-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141598967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Illness with <i>Salmonella</i> Spp. and Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> sp. due to Consumption of Lettuce Irrigated with Water from La Ramada Irrigation District.","authors":"Nicolás Yusep Bulla-Marín, Laura Henao, Johana Husserl","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0015","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite heavy contamination of the Bogotá River with domestic and industrial waste, it remains vital for various purposes, including agricultural use at La Ramada Irrigation District. There are important concerns regarding pathogen concentrations in irrigation water at La Ramada, including the presence of antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> spp. This study aimed to estimate the risk of <i>Salmonella</i>-related illness from consuming lettuce irrigated with Bogotá River water at La Ramada. We collected lettuce samples from 4 different sites, all irrigated with water from La Ramada. The methodology involved a process to detach <i>Salmonella</i> spp. from lettuce leaves, quantification through plate counts on SS agar, and establishment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentrations through growth on media supplemented with ampicillin or ciprofloxacin. The results showed concentrations of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. of 10^3.59,10^2.66, and 10^4.56 CFU/g lettuce at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and ampicillin-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> spp. of 10^1.93, 10^1.31, and 10^2.07 CFU/g lettuce at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No colonies were obtained from lettuce samples collected from site 4. Notably, we detected no isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin at any of the sites. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. concentrations varied greatly among sampling sites. <i>Salmonella</i> spp. concentrations were used to predict the daily probability of illness, with a probability of 0.59 (0.33 to 0.78, CI 95%) for <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and 0.3 (0.03 to 0.53, CI 95%) for ampicillin-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"617-623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Dairy Cattle, Raw Milk, and Farm Environment in Shaanxi Province, China.","authors":"Pengfei Zhang, Lisha Liu, Huanjing Sheng, Meng Zhang, Ting Wang, Guanhong Chang, Yeru Wang, Li Bai, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0098","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) in dairy cattle, 975 samples (185 feces, 34 silage, 36 cattle drinking water, 360 raw milk, and 360 teat skin swabs) were collected from two dairy farms in Baoji and Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China, and were screened for STEC. Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze the genomic characteristics and potential transmission of STEC isolates. A total of 32 samples were contaminated with STEC, including 4.0% (19/479) in Farm A and 2.6% (13/496) in Farm B. Compared with adult cows (4.5%), nonadult cows had a higher rate (21.3%) of STEC colonization. A total of 14 serotypes and 11 multilocus sequence typing were identified in 32 STEC isolates, among which O55:H12 (25.0%) and ST101 (31.3%) were the most predominant, respectively. Six <i>stx</i> subtypes/combinations were identified, including <i>stx1a</i> (53.1%), <i>stx2g</i> (15.6%), <i>stx2d</i>, <i>stx2a</i>+<i>stx2d</i>, <i>stx1a</i>+<i>stx2a</i> (6.3%, for each), and <i>stx2a</i> (3.1%). Of 32 STEC isolates, 159 virulence genes and 27 antibiotic resistance genes were detected. Overall, STEC isolates showed low levels of resistance to the 16 antibiotics tested (0-40.6%), with most common resistance to ampicillin (40.6%). The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that STEC in the gut of cattle can be transmitted through feces. The results of this study help to improve our understanding of the epidemiological aspects of STEC in dairy cattle and provide early warning and control of the prevalence and spread of the bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"624-633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Dairy Industry: Enterotoxin Production, Biofilm Formation, and Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Its Biocontrol.","authors":"Jean Victor Dos Santos Emiliano, Andressa Fusieger, Anderson Carlos Camargo, Fabíola Faria da Cruz Rodrigues, Luís Augusto Nero, Ítalo Tuler Perrone, Antônio Fernandes de Carvalho","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0170","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a well-known pathogen capable of producing enterotoxins during bacterial growth in contaminated food, and the ingestion of such preformed toxins is one of the major causes of food poisoning around the world. Nowadays 33 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and SE-like toxins have been described, but nearly 95% of confirmed foodborne outbreaks are attributed to classical enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. The natural habitat of <i>S. aureus</i> includes the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals, allowing the contamination of milk, its derivatives, and the processing facilities. <i>S. aureus</i> is well known for the ability to form biofilms in food processing environments, which contributes to its persistence and cross-contamination in food. The biocontrol of <i>S. aureus</i> in foods by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their bacteriocins has been studied for many years. Recently, LAB and their metabolites have also been explored for controlling <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms. LAB are used in fermented foods since in ancient times and nowadays characterized strains (or their purified bacteriocin) can be intentionally added to prolong food shelf-life and to control the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Regarding the use of these microorganism and their metabolites (such as organic acids and bacteriocins) to prevent biofilm development or for biofilm removal, it is possible to conclude that a complex network behind the antagonistic activity remains poorly understood at the molecular level. The use of approaches that allow the characterization of these interactions is necessary to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the inhibitory activity of LAB against <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms in food processing environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"601-616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Cystic Echinococcosis in Tehran, Iran: A 9-Year Retrospective Epidemiological and Clinical Survey of Hospitalized Cases.","authors":"Shima Mahmoudi, Mina Dolatzadeh, Gita Manzari Tavakoli, Babak Pourakbari, Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi, Setareh Mamishi","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0034","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE), the second most significant foodborne parasitic disease worldwide, poses a significant global health burden. Understanding its clinical and laboratory features is crucial for effective management. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of pediatric CE in an Iranian referral hospital. A cross-sectional study reviewed hospital records of patients with CE admitted to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, from 2011 to 2020. Data on demographics, diagnostics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and treatment were collected and analyzed. A total of 114 patients, with a mean age of 7.33 ± 2.9 years, were diagnosed with CE. The male-to-female ratio was 1.78, and 73.7% were urban residents. Abdominal pain (69%) and coughing (65%) were the most common symptoms. In confirming the cyst involvement across anatomical sites, pathology emerged as the most reliable method, with effectiveness ranging from 95% to 100%. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scan were frequently utilized imaging modalities, displaying effectiveness percentages of 71-85%. Liver and lung involvement predominated (66%), with 39% of cases showing multiorgan involvement. Spleen involvement was less common (6%), and neurological involvement was rare (1-2%). The majority of patients (<i>n</i> = 63, 67.7%) displayed cysts larger than 50 mm. All patients received albendazole treatment, and 104 patients (91.2%) underwent surgical procedures, with three postsurgical deaths. In conclusion, hospital records over 9 years indicate an increasing prevalence of CE, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and effective public health interventions to control this parasitic infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"662-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum <i>β</i>-Lactamase-Producing <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Food Animals During 2010-2021 in South Korea.","authors":"Md Sekendar Ali, Seok-Hyeon Na, Bo-Youn Moon, Hee Young Kang, Hee-Seung Kang, Su-Jeong Kim, Tae-Sun Kim, Ye-Eun Heo, Yu-Jeong Hwang, Soon Seek Yoon, Suk-Kyung Lim","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0128","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Salmonella</i> is emerging as a worldwide public health concern. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium (<i>S.</i> Typhimurium). We obtained a total of 995 <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates from the feces and carcasses of pigs (<i>n</i> = 678), chickens (<i>n</i> = 202), and cattle (<i>n</i> = 115) during 2010-2021 in Korea. We found that 35 <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates (3.5%) showed resistance to ceftiofur: pigs (51.4%, 18/35) and cattle (42.9%, 15/35). All of the ceftiofur-resistant <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. Moreover, ceftiofur-resistant <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates displayed significantly higher rates of resistance to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole than ceftiofur-susceptible <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ceftiofur-resistant <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates produced four different CTX-M-type <i>β</i>-lactamase, comprising <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-55 in the majority (51.4%, 18/35), followed by <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-65 (28.6%, 10/35), <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-14 (17.1%, 6/35), and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-1 (2.9%, 1/35). Among the 35 ceftiofur-resistant <i>S.</i> Typhimurium isolates, 16 <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-55-positive isolates and one <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-1-positive isolate were transferred to recipient <i>Escherichia coli</i> RG488 by conjugation. The predominantly found transposable units were <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-55-<i>orf477</i> (45.7%, 16/35), followed by <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-65-IS<i>903</i> (28.6%, 10/35) and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-14-IS<i>903</i> (17.1%, 6/35). Ceftiofur-resistant <i>S.</i> Typhimurium represented 19 types, with types P1-19 (22.9%, 8/35) and P12-34 (22.9%, 8/35) making up the majority and being found in most farms nationwide. Sequence types (STs) were different by animal species: ST19 (48.6%, 17/35) and ST34 (42.9%, 15/35) were mostly found STs in pigs and cattle, respectively. These findings showed that food animals, especially pigs and cattle, act as reservoirs of <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-harboring <i>S.</i> Typhimurium that can potentially be spread to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"634-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horse Meat Microbiota: Determination of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated <i>Staphylococcus</i> Spp.","authors":"Ali Aydin, Mert Sudagidan, Abzal Abdramanov, Mediha Nur Zafer Yurt, Zhanylbubu Mamatova, Veli Cengiz Ozalp","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0171","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2023.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic horses could be bred for leisure activities and meat production, as is already the case in many countries. Horse meat is consumed in various countries, including Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and with the increase in this consumption, horses are registered as livestock by the Food and Agricultural Organization. In this study, horse meat microbiota of horse samples (<i>n</i> = 56; 32 samples from Kazakhstan and 24 samples from Kyrgyzstan) from two countries, Kazakhstan (<i>n</i> = 3) and Kyrgyzstan (<i>n</i> = 1), were investigated for the first time by next-generation sequencing and metabarcoding analysis. The results demonstrated that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in all samples. In addition, three (5.4%) <i>Staphylococcus</i> strains were isolated from the Uzynagash region, Kazakhstan. <i>Staphylococcus</i> strains were identified as <i>Staphylococcus warneri</i>, <i>S. epidermidis</i>, and <i>S. pasteuri</i> by partial 16S rRNA DNA gene Sanger sequencing. All three <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates were nonbiofilm formers; only the <i>S. pasteuri</i> was detected as multidrug-resistant (resistant to penicillin, cefoxitin, and oxacillin). In addition, <i>S. pasteuri</i> was found to carry <i>mec</i>A, <i>mec</i>C, and <i>tet</i>K genes. This is the first study to detect potentially pathogenic <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. in horse meat samples originating from Kazakhstan. In conclusion, it should be carefully considered that undercooked horse meat may pose a risk to consumers in terms of pathogens such as antibiotic-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"643-652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis Based on Whole Genome Sequences, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence of Salmonella enterica Clinical Isolates from South Korea.","authors":"Jihyun Choi,Jong Hyun Shin,Suyeon Park,Ji Young Choi,Jin Yang Baek,Kyungmin Huh,Doo Ryeon Chung,Ki Tae Kwon,Mi-Ran Seo,Seung-Hyun Jung,Yeun-Jun Chung,Kwan Soo Ko","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease and frequently causes human salmonellosis in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the genome diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica from South Korea. We collected 42 S. enterica subsp. enterica isolates from two hospitals in South Korea. Whole genome sequences were determined. Serovars and sequence types (STs) based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were identified from whole genome sequences. Phylogenetic trees based on whole genome sequences and a minimum spanning tree based on MLST were constructed. Human serum resistance assays and gentamicin protection assays were performed to assess in vitro virulence. Nineteen serovars were identified among 42 clinical isolates, including nine Salmonella Typhi isolates. There were inconsistencies between serogroups and phylogenetic clusters in the phylogenetic tree and minimum spanning tree, but high clonality of S. Typhi was observed. Salmonella Typhi isolates were divided into two clusters, corresponding to ST1 and ST2. Isolates of serovars Typhimurium and I4,[5],12:i:- clustered into a group, and a hybrid isolate between the two serovars was identified. Four ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were identified among nine S. Typhi isolates, and all isolates of S. Enteritidis and S. Panama were resistant to colistin. The gentamicin protection assay revealed that serogroup D1 was significantly less virulent than the other serogroups. Our study suggests high diversity of S. enterica clinical isolates from South Korea and non-monophyly of serogroups. In addition, subgroups of S. Typhi isolates and a hybrid isolate between serovars Typhimurium and I4,[5],12:i:- were identified.","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>ldh</i> Gene Plays a Crucial Role in Mediating the Pathogen Control of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> AR113.","authors":"Xue Li, Guangqiang Wang, Jun Wang, Xin Song, Zhiqiang Xiong, Yongjun Xia, Lianzhong Ai","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0028","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effectively managing foodborne pathogens is imperative in food processing, where probiotics play a crucial role in pathogen control. This study focuses on the <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> AR113 and its gene knockout strains, exploring their antimicrobial properties against <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Antimicrobial assays revealed that the inhibitory effect of AR113 increases with its growth and the potential bacteriostatic substance is acidic. AR113Δ<i>ldh,</i> surpassed AR113Δ<i>0273&2024</i>, exhibited a complete absence of bacteriostatic properties, which indicates that lactic acid is more essential than acetic acid in the bacteriostatic effect of AR113. However, the exogenous acid validation test affirmed the equivalent superior bacteriostatic effect of lactic acid and acetic acid. Notably, AR113 has high lactate production and deletion of the <i>ldh</i> gene not only lacks lactate production but also affects acetic production. This underscores the <i>ldh</i> gene's pivotal role in the antimicrobial activity of AR113. In addition, among all the selected knockout strains, AR113Δ<i>tagO</i> and Δ<i>ccpA</i> also had lower antimicrobial effects, suggesting the importance of <i>tagO</i> and <i>ccpA</i> genes of AR113 in pathogen control. This study contributes insights into the antimicrobial potential of AR113 and stands as the pioneering effort to use knockout strains for comprehensive bacteriostatic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"578-585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> from Tibetan Pigs in Tibet, China.","authors":"Gang Wang, Xilong Kang, Shuangjuan Wang, Chuang Meng, Dan Gu, Li Song, Xinan Jiao, Zhiming Pan","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0069","DOIUrl":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan pigs. We isolated, identified, and examined via antimicrobial susceptibility testing on <i>Salmonella</i> from Tibetan pigs breeder farms and slaughterhouses in Tibet, China. A genetic evolutionary tree was constructed on the basis of whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 81 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were isolated from 987 samples. The main serovars were <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and <i>Salmonella</i> London in Tibetan pigs. The isolated <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolates subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed varying degrees of resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and amphenicols. WGS analysis was performed on 20 <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium isolates in Tibet (<i>n</i> = 10), Jiangsu (<i>n</i> = 10), and 205 genome sequences downloaded from the Enterobase database to reveal their epidemiological and genetic characteristics. They were divided into two clusters based on core genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms: Cluster A with 112 isolates from Tibet and other regions in China and Cluster B with 113 isolates from Jiangsu and other regions. The isolates in Cluster A were further divided into two subclusters: A-1 with 40 isolates including Tibet and A-2 with 72 isolates from other regions. Virulence factors analysis revealed that all isolates from Tibet carried <i>adeG</i>, but this observation was not as common in <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from Jiangsu and other regions of China. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) analysis showed that all isolates from Tibet carried <i>bla_TEM-55</i> and <i>rmtB</i>, which were absent in <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from Jiangsu and other regions of China. Genetic characteristic analysis and biofilm determination indicated that the biofilm formation capabilities of the isolates from Tibet were stronger than those of the isolates from Jiangsu and other regions of China. Our research revealed the epidemic patterns and genomic characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> in Tibetan pigs and provided theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of local salmonellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":"560-569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141598968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}