Food & Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Association between vitamin D and inflammatory markers in the Chinese healthy adult population: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ye Hu, Hongxiao Li, Yi Chen, Yubei Yang, Yubo Xing, Jie Xiang, Lina Shao","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14141","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Vitamin D (VitD) plays an essential role in immune regulation, and growing evidence associates low VitD status with elevated systemic inflammation. However, large-scale, population-based evidence linking VitD status to systemic inflammatory markers in Chinese population are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VitD levels and inflammatory markers in healthy Chinese individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (March 2019-August 2023) including a total of 51,521 participants. VitD levels were categorized according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and inflammatory markers were derived using established formulas. Primary outcome measures included the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). Associations between VitD levels and inflammatory markers were assessed using Spearman's correlation and linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SII, PLR, and AISI were significantly higher among participants with VitD deficiency (<i>P</i> < 0.05). VitD levels were negatively correlated with SII (<i>r</i> = -0.063, <i>P</i> < 0.001), PLR (<i>r</i> = -0.095, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and AISI (<i>r</i> = -0.044, <i>P</i> < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, and hemoglobin, VitD deficiency remained independently associated with SII, PLR, and AISI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VitD deficiency is an independent risk factor for elevated inflammatory markers, supporting a potential immunomodulatory role of VitD and highlighting the need for further research on its potential benefits in chronic disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between phosphorus intake and wrist fracture: the mediating role of bone mineral density.","authors":"Xiaohui Niu, Rongcheng Xu, Xuanyu Mao, Guangyi Zou","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13272","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phosphorus correlates with bone mineral density (BMD), a key factor in fracture risk. Thus, BMD may mediate phosphorus-fractures association, which has not yet been elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to trace phosphorus intake-wrist fracture association, and analyze the mediating role of BMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were utilized to assess phosphorus intake-wrist fracture association. Subgroup analyses examined differences across populations with varying characteristics. Mediation analysis explored the potential mediating role of BMD in the phosphorus-wrist fracture association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,952 participants were included. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the Q1 group, the Q4 group had a remarkably reduced wrist fracture risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.88, <i>P</i> = 0.011). RCS revealed a non-linear association between phosphorus intake and wrist fracture (<i>P</i>-non-linear = 0.026). When phosphorus intake was <1,086.5 mg/day, higher intake correlated with lower wrist fracture risk; no significant negative association was observed beyond the threshold. In addition, no subgroups with interactions were identified (<i>P</i>-interaction > 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that BMD mediated 12.1% of the association between phosphorus intake and wrist fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When phosphorus intake is <1,086.5 mg/day, higher intake is associated with reduced wrist fracture risk, with BMD as a key mediator. These findings provided crucial scientific evidence for developing targeted nutritional strategies to prevent wrist fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SheVari4^®, a proprietary root extract from <i>Asparagus racemosus</i>, ameliorates menopausal health: insights from a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Raktim Chattopadhyay, Subhankar Karmakar, Tandra R Chakraborty, Manashi Bagchi, Samudra P Banik, Debasis Bagchi","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14275","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Menopause marks the natural end of reproductive phase of women caused by decline in levels of estrogen, progesterone and other reproductive hormones. <i>Asparagus racemosus</i> (Shatavari) is a medicinal herb particularly known to be effective in alleviating women's reproductive health. Shatavarin IV, a steroidal saponin and a primary bioactive component in this herb, acts as a phytoestrogen by modulating the ER-alpha/ER-beta signalling, the TrkB-BDNF axis, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axes. In this study, the efficacy of SheVari4^® on alleviating the menopause-specific endocrine dysfunction and subsequent impaired quality of life (QOL) was assessed through a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel arm trial conducted on 60 pre-, peri-, and post-menopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sixty women (age 50.0 ± 7.4 years) randomized in two equal groups were administered with 100 mg SheVari4^® or placebo capsules once daily for 8 weeks. Assessment of Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) along with domain scores across vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual function constituted primary endpoint analysis; changes in serum estradiol E2, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), progesterone, cortisol, Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) and free testosterone were assessed as secondary endpoint analysis. Safety of the formulation was evaluated in terms of body mass index, blood biochemistry and liver function test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SheVari4 induced a 42.8% reduction in MENQOL versus placebo. Significant improvements in functioning (vs. placebo) were observed, respectively, across vasomotor (53.1% vs. 14.5%), psychosocial (53.6% vs. 9.9%), physical (39.2% vs. 6.5%) and sexual (29.4% vs. 10.7%) domains. The formulation also increased E2 (+36.44% vs. -2.08%) and progesterone (+0.30% vs. -2.88%) coupled with marked reduction in levels of FSH (-38.18% vs. +12.97%) and cortisol (-26.87% vs. +17.16%). Concomitantly, AMH, SHBG, and free testosterone were also favorably modulated. Blood biochemistry, liver function tests, and vital signs confirmed the broad-spectrum safety of SheVari4^®.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SheVari4^® significantly improved menopause-specific QOL and endocrine parameters in peri- and post-menopausal women, with a well-established safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A standardized combination of <i>Sphaeranthus indicus</i> and <i>Mangifera indica</i> extracts improves antioxidant defense and anabolic signaling and attenuates dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.","authors":"Sreenath Kundimi, Thirupathi Rao, Geum Duck Park, Kyung Seok Kim, Soo Ro Kim, Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri, Krishanu Sengupta","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14578","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by impaired protein synthesis, increased proteolysis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytoceutical interventions with antioxidant and cytoprotective properties may offer therapeutic potential in muscle-wasting conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effects of LI12542F6 SMI, a standardized formulation of <i>Sphaeranthus indicus</i> (SI) flower heads and <i>Mangifera indica</i> (MI) bark extracts (2:1), on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong><i>In vitro</i> studies assessed antioxidant activity, endothelial nitrite production, protein synthesis, and the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway, with or without DEX. <i>In vivo</i>, male Sprague Dawley rats received DEX (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and were supplemented with SMI (0, 45, or 90 mg/kg body weight) for 12 days. Outcomes included lean body mass, grip strength, muscle histology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of anabolic and catabolic protein markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SMI enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging and increased endothelial nitrite production via PI3K/AKT-mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In DEX-treated rats, SMI attenuated declines in lean body mass, grip strength, and muscle fiber morphology. Mechanistically, SMI improved antioxidant markers, activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and myogenic markers, and suppressed catabolic and apoptotic proteins. The hepatic or renal biochemical parameters were unaltered.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that SMI mitigates glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy through coordinated modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and anabolic signaling pathways. The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling appears central to its effects, linking antioxidant activity with enhanced protein synthesis and the suppression of apoptotic signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SMI attenuates DEX-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and improves functional and molecular markers. These findings suggest further investigation and clinical substantiation of this phytoceutical as a possible intervention for muscle-wasting conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent inulin supplementation alleviates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and cognitive impairment by maintaining intestinal homeostasis","authors":"Yuchun Zhang, Chenghao Liu, Muhua Ji, Xiang Li, Yang Yang, Lijun Sun, Xuebo Liu, Danna Wang, Min Zhang, Yutang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fnutr.2026.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fnutr.2026.100078","url":null,"abstract":": Obesity is closely associated with metabolic disorders and cognitive decline through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Although inulin, a fermentable prebiotic fiber, has been widely recognized for its beneficial metabolic effects, prolonged high-dose supplementation has been linked to gut dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and inflammatory complications. Here, we investigated whether intermittent inulin supplementation (IIS) could preserve the benefits of inulin while reducing the adverse effects associated with continuous inulin supplementation (CIS). Using a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model, we found that IIS produced metabolic improvements comparable to CIS, including reductions in body weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation. Importantly, IIS was associated with better intestinal homeostasis and lower inflammatory burden than CIS. Compared with CIS, IIS more effectively preserved goblet cell integrity, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide levels, and avoided excessive gut fermentation. Microbiota analysis showed that IIS maintained a more balanced microbial composition, characterized by moderated enrichment of Akkermansia and suppression of opportunistic pathogens such as Mailhella and Ileibacterium , while preventing the dysbiosis induced by CIS. IIS also maintained short-chain fatty acids within a more favorable range. These peripheral effects were accompanied by improved cognitive performance and reduced anxiety-like behaviors, together with increased hippocampal expression of neuroplasticity-related genes and decreased neuroinflammatory markers. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the notion that intermittent inulin supplementation may be a safer and more effective nutritional strategy than continuous supplementation for improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"2 2","pages":"100078-100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evidence for fat-binding-mediated fecal fat excretion by RODL^TM (Red Okra-<i>Diospyros lotus</i> botanical combination) under a prescribed restricted diet: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Soo-Yeon Park, Jiyea Park, Sunoh Kim","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13900","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preclinical studies have demonstrated that a botanical combination of red okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) and <i>Diospyros lotus</i> (RODL^TM) exerts dual anti-obesity actions by both inhibiting intestinal fat absorption and stimulating adipocyte lipid metabolism. However, its clinical efficacy in promoting fecal fat excretion under controlled dietary conditions has not been validated in humans. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 70 healthy adults under a prescribed restricted diet containing 130-150 g/day of fat. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either RODL (<i>N</i> = 34, 1.5 g/day) or placebo (<i>N</i> = 36) for 2 days. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention to quantify fecal fat content (mg/g wet and dry weight, and total mass). Blood lipid profiles and free fatty acids were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the full analysis set and per protocol set with appropriate statistical tests. Following 2-day administration, the RODL group showed a significantly greater increase in fecal fat excretion compared to the placebo group, as measured by wet fecal fat (28.65 ± 17.46 mg/g vs. 18.54 ± 11.86 mg/g, <i>P</i> = 0.0034), dry fecal fat (58.39 ± 29.95 mg/g vs. 39.54 ± 21.39 mg/g, <i>P</i> = 0.0025), and total fecal fat mass (3,238 ± 3,636 mg vs. 1,802 ± 1,713 mg, <i>P</i> = 0.0118). The botanical combination of RODL significantly enhances fecal fat excretion under a standardized fat-controlled diet without affecting fecal matrix properties or safety parameters. These findings support its potential and safe fat-sequestering agent for dietary fat management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148445194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic differences in the understanding of front-of-pack nutrition labeling, perception of healthfulness, and food purchase intention in Brazil.","authors":"Hellen Batista de Jesus Paviotti, Sarah Morais Senna Prates, Ilka Afonso Reis, Lucilene Rezende Anastácio","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13219","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While nutrition claims draw attention to desirable nutrient qualities, the Brazilian Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labeling (FOPNL) system serves a contradictory purpose by signaling excessive levels of added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium. Besides labeling, sociodemographic factors may influence the understanding of nutritional information and food choices. This experimental, controlled, and randomized study used secondary data derived from previously published research to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic variables, including region, sex, age, education, and income. Specifically, we analyzed how these factors influence the understanding of nutritional information, the perception of healthfulness, and the purchase intention of products with different FOPNL models and nutrition claims. A sample of 720 Brazilian adults completed an online questionnaire, being randomly assigned to one of four FOPNL conditions: control (without FOPNL), octagon, triangle, or magnifying glass. Participants evaluated 12 label panels in a 3×2×2 factorial design, considering 1) food category, 2) number of nutrients in excess and 3) presence/absence of nutrition claims. Understanding of nutritional information was measured as the ability to correctly identify nutrients in excess using a generalized linear model with binary logistic regression. Perception of healthfulness and purchase intention were assessed on a 7-point scale using mixed analysis of variance models, with the sociodemographic variables (region, sex, age, education, and income) as fixed effects and participants as random effects. The results indicate that sociodemographic variables did not significantly affect the understanding of nutritional information. However, participants aged 25 to 34 and male participants reported higher perception of healthfulness and greater purchase intention compared to other groups. These findings suggest that, although the provision of nutritional information on packages supports informed food choices across diverse sociodemographic contexts, age and sex specifically influenced how consumers perceived product healthfulness and their likelihood of purchasing the presented items in this sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148445142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal cafeteria diet and methyl donor supplementation modulate gut microbiota and anxiety-like behavior in male offspring.","authors":"Ximena Rodríguez Gómez, Heriberto Castro, Alberto Camacho-Morales","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14244","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.14244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal cafeteria diet and methyl donor supplementation modulate gut microbiota and behavioral outcomes in male offspring.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal hypercaloric diets rich in saturated fats and refined sugars are associated with metabolic alterations, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and behavioral disturbances in offspring. Methyl donor supplementation has been proposed as a potential strategy to modulate these effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of maternal cafeteria diet consumption and methyl donor supplementation on gut microbiota composition and behavioral outcomes in male offspring in a murine model.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Female C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four dietary groups: control, cafeteria diet, control supplemented with methyl donors, and cafeteria diet supplemented with methyl donors. Diet exposure occurred during pre-gestation, gestation, and lactation. Male offspring were evaluated at 8 weeks of age using behavioral tests and gut microbiota analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Associations between gut microbiota and behavioral parameters were evaluated using adjusted linear regression models controlling for maternal diet and methyl donor supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Offspring from cafeteria-fed dams supplemented with methyl donors showed higher microbial diversity compared to the non-supplemented cafeteria group. Cafeteria diet increased the abundance of <i>Deferribacteres, Mucispirillum, Adlercreutzia, Butyricicoccus</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i>, whereas methyl donor supplementation reduced Deferribacteres and modified the abundance of <i>Paraprevotella</i> and <i>Ruminococcus_1</i>. At the species level, <i>Mucispirillum schaedleri</i> and <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> were increased under cafeteria dietary conditions. No significant effects were observed in sociability-related variables after adjustment. However, <i>Butyricicoccus</i> remained associated with central and peripheral zone behavior, whereas <i>Paraprevotella</i> remained positively associated with wall-leaning behavior after adjustment for maternal diet and supplementation status.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Maternal cafeteria diet modulated offspring gut microbiota composition and was associated with anxiety-related behavioral parameters. Methyl donor supplementation showed differential effects depending on maternal dietary context, reducing specific bacterial taxa associated with inflammatory and metabolic alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal methyl donor supplementation attenuated specific microbiota alterations induced by cafeteria diets and was associated with microbiota-behavior relationships related to anxiety-like responses in offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13325957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of a multi-objective diet optimization model including human health, environment, and observed dietary intake.","authors":"Anne Carolin Schäfer, Heiner Boeing, Rozenn Gazan, Johanna Conrad, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Kurt Gedrich, Hans Hauner, Anja Kroke, Jakob Linseisen, Micha Limbeck, Stefan Lorkowski, Lukas Schwingshackl, Florent Vieux, Kiran Virmani, Ute Nöthlings, Bernhard Watzl","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13758","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) provide recommendations on diets that aim to decrease disease risk and environmental impact, while remaining culturally acceptable for the population. Using mathematical optimization to define such diets, these objectives can be operationalized as components of the objective function.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To 1) derive an indicator that quantifies diet-related disease burden and 2) evaluate different weighting schemes within a three-dimensional diet optimization model.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>To address objective 1), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) and a diet-specific burden estimate based on observational data were transformed into a model-compatible indicator using linear interpolation. To address objective 2), a linear diet optimization model was developed. It included constraints on nutrients and acceptability, and a three-objective function that minimized disease burden (DALYs), environmental impact (greenhouse gas emissions and land use), and, as a proxy for cultural acceptability, deviation from the observed diet. Forty-two model variations with different weighting schemes were computed and compared regarding component outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In proof-of-concept analyses, the derived health indicator aligned closely with values reported in the literature: 90% (based on GBD) and 99% (based on the observational data) of diet-related DALYs were captured. Among the 42 model variations, strong synergies were observed between health and environmental outcomes. Optimizing exclusively for disease burden or environmental impact resulted in substantial deviations from the observed diet, underscoring the importance of considering cultural acceptability. Model stability improved with the inclusion of all three components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed methodology enables the integration of DALYs and provides insights about various weighting schemes to establish a diet optimization model that minimizes disease burden, environmental impact, and deviation from the observed diet, and serves as the basis to derive FBDG for Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usual nutrient intake and adherence to dietary reference values among 3-6-year-old Finnish preschoolers.","authors":"Henna Peltonen, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Henna Vepsäläinen, Satu Kinnunen, Essi Skaffari, Kaija Nissinen, Eva Roos, Riitta Freese, Reetta Lehto, Jaakko Nevalainen, Liisa Korkalo","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13624","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v70.13624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early childhood is an important period for adopting a healthy diet to support long-term health. In Finland, data on how usual nutrient intake meets requirements in young children are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated usual nutrient intake from food sources and adherence to dietary reference values among Finnish preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used cross-sectional data from the DAGIS survey conducted in 2015-2016 among 3-6-year-old Finnish preschoolers (n = 808). Dietary intake was assessed using 3‑day food records, complemented with a 2‑day food record in a subsample. National Cancer Institute methods were applied to estimate the usual intake distributions of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals for each age group (3-, 4-, 5- and 6-year-olds) and to assess the proportions of children below and above the most recent dietary reference values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean protein intake was 17 E% in all age groups, and the fibre density of the diets averaged 2.5-2.6 g/MJ. High proportions of children had intakes above the recommended intake levels for saturated fatty acids (80-86% depending on age), free sugars (42-47%) and sodium (96-99%), and below the recommended intake level for polyunsaturated fatty acids (43-48%). High proportions of children had intakes below the average requirement for vitamin D (24-33%), vitamin E (61-76%) and iron (36% in 3-year-olds). Intakes above the tolerable upper intake level were detected for zinc (58% in 3-year-olds; 6.1-17% in 4-6-year-olds) and iodine (26% in 3-year-olds; 6.4-11% in 4-6-year-olds).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Developing strategies to reduce particularly saturated fatty acid and sodium intakes in Finnish preschoolers is essential for early prevention of chronic diseases. Our results warrant regular monitoring of usual nutrient intake in young Finnish children to support timely and evidence-based decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"70 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13325956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}