Food & Nutrition Research最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D status in Norwegian children and associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status.","authors":"Anne Lene Kristiansen, Jannicke Borch Myhre, Linn Kristin Lie Øyri, Kirsten B Holven, Lene Frost Andersen","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10727","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>There is limited data regarding the vitamin D status of infants and young children in Norway. We aimed to assess vitamin D status among Norwegian children at approximately 6 and 12 months of age and explore associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mothers/parents completed a food frequency questionnaire for their 6/12-month-old child. Dried blood spot samples were collected from the mother and child.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration was 81 nmol/L (standard deviation [SD] 22 nmol/L) for 6-month-old children (<i>n</i> = 84) and 72 nmol/L (SD 22 nmol/L) for 12-month-old children (<i>n</i> = 56) (<i>P</i> = 0.03 for difference between age groups). In the younger and older age groups, 94 and 88% of the children, respectively, had a S-25(OH)D concentration ≥ 50 nmol/L. The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 12 μg/day for the 6-month-olds and 14 μg/day for the 12-month-olds. Adjusted linear regression models showed that for every μg/day increase in dietary vitamin D intake, serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) increased by around one nmol/L for both age groups (<i>P</i> = 0.002 for the younger age group and <i>P</i> = 0.04 for the older age group). Use of vitamin D supplements was associated with higher S-25(OH)D concentrations in both age groups, while a higher S-25(OH)D concentration among formula users was found only in the youngest age group. Breastfeeding was not associated with S-25(OH)D concentration in either age group. Small positive correlations between child and maternal vitamin D status were observed for both the younger (<i>r</i> = 0.22) and the older (<i>r</i> = 0.28) age groups (<i>P</i> = 0.04 for both groups).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there was a wide range in S-25(OH)D concentrations among children, most were within the sufficient range. Adequate vitamin D intake should be encouraged both in the first and second year of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvements to the Nutri-Score to address challenges identified in a Nordic setting.","authors":"Anna Amberntsson, Mari Mohn Paulsen, Marta Angela Bianchi, Bryndís Eva Birgisdóttir, Anja Pia Biltoft-Jensen, Dina Moxness Konglevoll, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Kaja Lund-Iversen, Lene Frost Andersen, Marianne Hope Abel","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10914","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Front-of-pack nutrition labelling is an important policy tool for public health. The Nutri-Score classifies foods according to nutritional quality from A (high quality) to E (low quality). We have previously identified inconsistencies between Nutri-Score and the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines. The objective was to propose revisions to the Nutri-Score 2023 algorithms and determine if the revised algorithms better align with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023) and the Keyhole label.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Items in the Norwegian pre-packed foods databases Tradesolution (<i>n</i> = 26,033) and Unil (<i>n</i> = 577) were classified using the Nutri-Score 2023 algorithms. To address carbohydrate quality, a penalty for low-fibre content was introduced, and the sugar scale compressed. The protein cap was removed for fish products to reward their nutritional quality. To improve the scoring of high-fat foods, the scale for saturated fat was extended, fat content determined the inclusion in the algorithm for fats, rather than food categories, and favourable fat quality in oils was rewarded through a fat quality component. Data from the databases guided the identification of specific thresholds. The distribution of Nutri-Score was calculated before and after applying the revisions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 5.5% of all products received a less favourable Nutri-Score with the revised carbohydrate quality components. Most refined pastas and flour shifted shifted from A to B or C, whilst whole grain pasta largely remained A. Sugar-rich breakfast cereals shifted from B to C or D. For fish, 11% (1% of all products) were moved from D or E to C or D. The variation in scores for cheese and creams increased. Around 5% of all products were affected by the revisions related to fat quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed revisions make the Nutri-Score more coherent with the NNR2023 and the Keyhole label. The proposed revisions also hold relevance for other European countries and should therefore be considered in the next revision of the Nutri-Score.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of combined deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics supplementation for regulating obesity in mice.","authors":"Lanyue Yin, Jiating Li, Xueyue Tai, Guoqi Zhang, Mingran Luan, Bao Zhong, Fenglin Li","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.11634","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.11634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the mechanisms related to lipid metabolism regulation after combined supplementation with deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male mice were divided into high-fat diet, HD + deer antler polysaccharides, HD + <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> postbiotics, and HD + deer antler polysaccharides + <i>B. coagulans</i> postbiotics groups. The diets contained 60% fat. After 9 weeks, the effects of deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics on lipid metabolism were assessed through blood biochemical, histological tissue staining, and polymerase chain reaction analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementation with deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotics significantly inhibited weight gain in obese mice, reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and markedly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, hepatic lipid droplet accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy improved. The expressions of the lipid synthesis genes, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (i.e. <i>SREBP-1c</i>), and fatty acid synthase (i.e. <i>FAS</i>), significantly decreased, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (i.e. <i>PPAR-α</i>) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (i.e. <i>ACOX1</i>) expression significantly increased. The expressions of the inflammation-related genes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (i.e. <i>TNF-α</i>), interleukin (<i>IL</i>)<i>-6</i>, and <i>IL-1</i> also significantly decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, combined deer antler polysaccharides and postbiotic supplementation regulated obesity in mice, potentially by modulating lipid synthesis and inflammation-related gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary simple sugar intake, metabolic indicators, markers of inflammation, and injury among semi-professional football players.","authors":"Jun Hou, Yuemei Cui, Jun Gao, Ming Rong","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.11036","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.11036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary sugar intake has been implicated in the development of metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and immune dysfunction, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary total simple sugar intake and glycemic markers, lipid profile, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adenosine deaminase activity (ADA), among semi-professional football players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 semi-professional football players. Dietary intake of simple sugars was assessed using validated dietary assessment tools, while serum levels of biochemical variables were measured using standard laboratory assays. Multinomial logistic regression analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to examine the associations between dietary simple sugars and serum biomarkers, adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong positive associations were observed between dietary total simple sugar intake and hs-CRP and ADA levels in multinomial regression analysis. Also, among individual assessment of dietary simple sugars, dietary fructose and glucose intake were positively correlated with serum hs-CRP levels (<i>r</i> = 0.484, <i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>r</i> = 0.393, <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively) and serum ADA levels (<i>r</i> = 0.233, <i>P</i> = 0.001 for glucose; <i>r</i> = 0.188, <i>P</i> = 0.01 for fructose). There was no other association between dietary simple sugar intake and metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the significant impact of dietary sugar intake on inflammation, as reflected by serum hs-CRP and ADA levels. Strategies aimed at reducing sugar consumption may help mitigate inflammation and improve overall health outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting dietary sugar intake for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in estimating body composition in women with overweight and obesity 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum.","authors":"Elin Westerheim, Elisabeth A Øhman, Maria Fossli, Anna Winkvist, Hege Berg Henriksen, Hilde K Brekke","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10869","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relative validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in estimating fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method in women with overweight and obesity 2 weeks and 6 months postpartum (pp).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Body composition of 94 women with overweight and obesity was assessed using Seca mBCA 515 and GE Healthcare Lunar iDXA. Agreement between the two methods for FM and FFM at 2 weeks and 6 months pp, as well as the changes in FM and FFM between the two timepoints, were tested using paired <i>t</i>-test, Bland-Altman plots and regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (standard deviation [SD]) body mass index (BMI) at 2 weeks pp was 30.6 (2.6) kg/m² and mean (SD) weight loss at 6 months pp was 4.7 (4.8) kg. BIA underestimated FM at both 2 weeks pp and 6 months pp by mean (SD) 0.7 (1.4) kg and 0.3 (1.3) kg and overestimated FFM at both timepoints by 1.2 (1.5) kg and 0.7 (1.4) kg, with proportional bias for FFM. BIA underestimated <i>changes</i> in FM by mean (SD) 0.5 (1.1) kg and overestimated <i>changes</i> in FFM by 0.5 (1.0) kg, with proportional bias for change in extracellular water by total body water. Agreement was generally high for both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At group level, BIA was a valid tool for assessment of FM and FFM in women with overweight and obesity at 2 weeks and 6 months pp when compared to DXA. We also consider it valid for following changes in FM and FFM over time when fluid distribution is stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact of Norwegian food and beverages: compilation of a life cycle assessment food database.","authors":"Monica Hauger Carlsen, Marie M Bjøntegaard, Bob van Oort, Sepideh Jafarzadeh, Shraddha Mehta, Ellen C Wright, Lene Frost Andersen","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10645","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food production contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Climate and environmental impacts from food production vary across geographical areas. To estimate these impacts of food and diets, country-specific data are needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This project aimed to compile an environmental impact food database, including the impact categories (ICs) global warming potential, soil acidification, freshwater and saltwater eutrophication, water use and land use, representative of the Norwegian diet.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The compilation was based on literature searches for original life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on foods, including domestic and imported foods, which constitute the habitual diet in Norway. Food items of importance in the average Norwegian diet were identified based on the national dietary survey Norkost 3. The study's generic system boundaries included impacts from farm to fork: production, processing, packaging, transportation, storage and food preparation at home. Conversion factors for edible portions were applied when relevant. When LCA data of a certain food were missing, data from foods with similar cultivation conditions and nutritional composition were used as proxies. Data from other LCA food databases were also used if original LCA studies were not identified, or the LCA studies found were evaluated as being of poor quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The compiled database is tailored specifically for and covers main animal- and plant-based foods in the Norwegian diet.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Limitations of the compilation project include the fact that most LCA studies identified in the present project covered ICs up to the farm gate and used varying methodology. Also, proxy values were used when data for specific food items were missing. These methodological issues introduce variability and complicate direct comparisons. The strength of the present study is the thorough work in compiling and filling data gaps for the IC values of foods in the Norwegian diet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Norwegian LCA food database enables simultaneous estimation of food and nutrient intakes and estimation of climate and environmental impacts of Norwegian diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"68 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myricetin protects mice against colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway.","authors":"Tao Xu, Xinyan Qu, Yue Song, Mengxiong Luo, Yuhan Jia, Jia Li, Qingjun Li","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10677","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Myricetin is a bioactive compound in many edible plants. We have previously demonstrated that myricetin could significantly protect mice against colitis by regulating Treg/Th17 balance, while underlying mechanism remains unclear. The current study aimed to unravel the potential regulating mechanism of myricetin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The concentrations of 22 amino acids in colon were determined using HPLC-MS/MS and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data. MetaboAnalyst was used to detect potential biological pathway influenced by myricetin. The results were further verified using qPCR, molecular docking method, and AhR inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies had found that the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; phenylalanine metabolism; and histidine metabolism were the most important pathways related to myricetin. Therefore, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is closely related to the metabolism of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, was postulated to be the underlying signaling pathways. Furthermore, administration of myricet in significantly increased the relative expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, whereas AhR inhibitor abolished the amelioration of myricetin on DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, AhR inhibitor weakened the regulatory effect of myricetin on Treg/Th17 balance. Furthermore, the results obtained by the molecular docking method speculated that myricetin could bind to AhR as a ligand and activate AhR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggested that myricetin could exert its protection against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by activating AhR signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal nutrition and offspring lung health: sex-specific pathway modulation in fibrosis, metabolism, and immunity.","authors":"Shuangyi Zhao, Zhimin Chen, Huina Liu, Xinyan Wang, Xiuru Zhang, Huirong Shi","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.11035","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v69.11035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal nutrition profoundly influences offspring health, impacting both prenatal and early postnatal development. Previous studies have demonstrated that maternal dietary habits can affect key developmental pathways in the offsprings, including those related to lung function and disease susceptibility. However, the sex-specific impact of a maternal high-salt diet (HSD) on offspring lung injury remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific effects of maternal HSD on lung injury in mouse offsprings, focusing on pathways related to fibrosis, metabolism, immunity, and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either normal or HSD conditions during gestation. Lung tissues from the male and female offsprings were analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools to examine transcriptomic changes. Wet-lab validation, including Masson trichrome staining, immunofluorescence for α-SMA, and qRT-PCR for fibrotic markers (α-SMA, collagen I, Fn1, and TGF-β), was conducted to confirm fibrosis and other injury markers. Lung structure and weight were also evaluated to assess physical alterations due to maternal diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal HSD significantly altered lung transcriptomes in a sex-specific manner. Male offsprings showed increased susceptibility to fibrosis, as confirmed by histological and molecular analyses, including elevated expression of α-SMA, collagen I, Fn1, and TGF-β. In contrast, female offsprings exhibited distinct changes in metabolic and immune pathways. These findings highlight the differential regulation of pulmonary injury mechanisms between male and female offsprings exposed to HSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal HSD induces sex-specific lung injury in offsprings by disrupting critical pathways involved in fibrosis, metabolism, immunity, and apoptosis. The combination of transcriptomic and orthogonal data underscores the need for balanced maternal nutrition during pregnancy to promote long-term respiratory health in offsprings. These results provide new insights into the sex-specific vulnerabilities to lung disease arising from maternal diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer growth via delphinidin-mediated suppression of the JAK2/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway.","authors":"Xiaoping Yu, Xiaolong Song, Jiali Yan, Ziting Xiong, Lujie Zheng, Yan Luo, Fengcheng Deng, Yanfeng Zhu","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v68.10974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v68.10974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being particularly aggressive. Delphinidin (Dp), an anthocyanin monomer, has shown promising health benefits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the effects of Dp on TNBC and aims to elucidate its specific mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We utilized cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, and scratch assays to evaluate the influence of Dp on the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Cluster of Differentiation 69 expression, while Western blotting assessed the levels of PD-L1, Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and exosomal marker proteins. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure concentrations of PD-L1, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dp effectively inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and migration, as evidenced by CCK-8, colony formation, and scratch assays. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis indicated a reduction in PD-L1 expression in TNBC cells. Meanwhile, we successfully isolated TNBC cell-derived exosomes, with ELISA experiments showing a decrease in PD-L1 expression in these exosomes following Dp treatment. In a co-culture system with TNBC and Jurkat cells, Dp enhanced Cluster of Differentiation 69 expression and reactivated Jurkat cells, resulting in increased secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-β. Additionally, Dp significantly reduced the p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratios in TNBC cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dp may exert its anti-TNBC effects by downregulating PD-L1 expression in TNBC cells and exosomes through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, potentially restoring T cell activity and modifying the tumor microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"68 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweets and other sugary foods - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.","authors":"Henna Vepsäläinen, Emily Sonestedt","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v68.10488","DOIUrl":"10.29219/fnr.v68.10488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sweets, chocolate, and sweet bakery products are generally high in energy and added sugar, whereas the levels of essential nutrients and fibre are low. According to sales statistics, the consumption of sweets and chocolate is high in the Nordic and Baltic countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review describes the totality of evidence for the role of sweets and other sugary foods for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023) project.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted a literature search to identify systematic reviews published between 2011 and 2021. The literature search resulted in 756 papers, of which 12 were included in this scoping review as sources of evidence. We also used evidence from the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) scientific opinion on tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars published in 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the papers included from the search focused on chocolate or cocoa, which are rich in flavonoids. We found some evidence linking chocolate consumption with lower blood pressure, lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and improved insulin markers, but the evidence was ranked low or very low. The search did not identify systematic reviews investigating the associations between other sugary food consumption and health outcomes. In the EFSA review, conclusions were not drawn for other sugar sources than sugar-sweetened beverages. However, for fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, and uric acid, there was a statistically significant effect of high sugar intake from solid foods compared to low sugar intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Because sweets, chocolate, and other sugary foods are high in energy and added sugar, and low in essential nutrients and fibre, it is reasonable to limit their consumption, which is reported high in the Nordic countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"68 ","pages":"10488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11708498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}