Anne Lene Kristiansen, Jannicke Borch Myhre, Linn Kristin Lie Øyri, Kirsten B Holven, Lene Frost Andersen
{"title":"Vitamin D status in Norwegian children and associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status.","authors":"Anne Lene Kristiansen, Jannicke Borch Myhre, Linn Kristin Lie Øyri, Kirsten B Holven, Lene Frost Andersen","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v69.10727","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>There is limited data regarding the vitamin D status of infants and young children in Norway. We aimed to assess vitamin D status among Norwegian children at approximately 6 and 12 months of age and explore associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mothers/parents completed a food frequency questionnaire for their 6/12-month-old child. Dried blood spot samples were collected from the mother and child.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration was 81 nmol/L (standard deviation [SD] 22 nmol/L) for 6-month-old children (<i>n</i> = 84) and 72 nmol/L (SD 22 nmol/L) for 12-month-old children (<i>n</i> = 56) (<i>P</i> = 0.03 for difference between age groups). In the younger and older age groups, 94 and 88% of the children, respectively, had a S-25(OH)D concentration ≥ 50 nmol/L. The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 12 μg/day for the 6-month-olds and 14 μg/day for the 12-month-olds. Adjusted linear regression models showed that for every μg/day increase in dietary vitamin D intake, serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) increased by around one nmol/L for both age groups (<i>P</i> = 0.002 for the younger age group and <i>P</i> = 0.04 for the older age group). Use of vitamin D supplements was associated with higher S-25(OH)D concentrations in both age groups, while a higher S-25(OH)D concentration among formula users was found only in the youngest age group. Breastfeeding was not associated with S-25(OH)D concentration in either age group. Small positive correlations between child and maternal vitamin D status were observed for both the younger (<i>r</i> = 0.22) and the older (<i>r</i> = 0.28) age groups (<i>P</i> = 0.04 for both groups).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there was a wide range in S-25(OH)D concentrations among children, most were within the sufficient range. Adequate vitamin D intake should be encouraged both in the first and second year of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"69 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836780/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food & Nutrition Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v69.10727","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and aims: There is limited data regarding the vitamin D status of infants and young children in Norway. We aimed to assess vitamin D status among Norwegian children at approximately 6 and 12 months of age and explore associations between child vitamin D status, dietary factors, and maternal vitamin D status.
Methods: Mothers/parents completed a food frequency questionnaire for their 6/12-month-old child. Dried blood spot samples were collected from the mother and child.
Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration was 81 nmol/L (standard deviation [SD] 22 nmol/L) for 6-month-old children (n = 84) and 72 nmol/L (SD 22 nmol/L) for 12-month-old children (n = 56) (P = 0.03 for difference between age groups). In the younger and older age groups, 94 and 88% of the children, respectively, had a S-25(OH)D concentration ≥ 50 nmol/L. The mean dietary vitamin D intake was 12 μg/day for the 6-month-olds and 14 μg/day for the 12-month-olds. Adjusted linear regression models showed that for every μg/day increase in dietary vitamin D intake, serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) increased by around one nmol/L for both age groups (P = 0.002 for the younger age group and P = 0.04 for the older age group). Use of vitamin D supplements was associated with higher S-25(OH)D concentrations in both age groups, while a higher S-25(OH)D concentration among formula users was found only in the youngest age group. Breastfeeding was not associated with S-25(OH)D concentration in either age group. Small positive correlations between child and maternal vitamin D status were observed for both the younger (r = 0.22) and the older (r = 0.28) age groups (P = 0.04 for both groups).
Conclusion: While there was a wide range in S-25(OH)D concentrations among children, most were within the sufficient range. Adequate vitamin D intake should be encouraged both in the first and second year of life.
期刊介绍：
Food & Nutrition Research is a peer-reviewed journal that presents the latest scientific research in various fields focusing on human nutrition. The journal publishes both quantitative and qualitative research papers.
Through an Open Access publishing model, Food & Nutrition Research opens an important forum for researchers from academic and private arenas to exchange the latest results from research on human nutrition in a broad sense, both original papers and reviews, including:
* Associations and effects of foods and nutrients on health
* Dietary patterns and health
* Molecular nutrition
* Health claims on foods
* Nutrition and cognitive functions
* Nutritional effects of food composition and processing
* Nutrition in developing countries
* Animal and in vitro models with clear relevance for human nutrition
* Nutrition and the Environment
* Food and Nutrition Education
* Nutrition and Economics
Research papers on food chemistry (focus on chemical composition and analysis of foods) are generally not considered eligible, unless the results have a clear impact on human nutrition.
The journal focuses on the different aspects of nutrition for people involved in nutrition research such as Dentists, Dieticians, Medical doctors, Nutritionists, Teachers, Journalists and Manufacturers in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
