European Journal of Psychotraumatology最新文献

{"title":"Patterns of mental health problems and resilience among immigrant and refugee adolescents: a latent profile analysis.","authors":"Sanni Aalto, Raija-Leena Punamäki, Mervi Vänskä, Reeta Kankaanpää, Tiina Turunen, Oskari Lahtinen, Ilse Derluyn, Caroline Spaas, Lucia De Haene, Signe Smith Jervelund, Morten Skovdal, Arnfinn J Andersen, Marianne Opaas, Fatumo Osman, Anna Sarkadi, Natalie Durbeej, Emma Soye, Kirsi Peltonen","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2479924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2479924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Immigrant and refugee adolescents often face traumatic experiences and are vulnerable to mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression. Yet, they also show remarkable resilience in the face of these stressors. Research is still scarce on how both mental health problems and resilience dynamically interplay in immigrant and refugee adolescents' development.<b>Objective</b>: We aimed to identify latent profiles of immigrant and refugee adolescents' wellbeing, consisting of externalizing and internalizing symptoms, PTSD (intrusion and avoidance), and resilience, and analyse the demographic and contextual determinants of these profiles.<b>Method</b>: We employed cross-sectional survey data from the RefugeesWellSchool project for 1607 immigrant and refugee adolescents (mean age 15.3 years, SD 2.15, 42.3% girls) from six European countries: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Latent profile analysis and three-step procedure with BCH weights were used to identify the wellbeing profiles and their determinants.<b>Results</b>: Results identified four adolescent wellbeing profiles: (1) Low symptoms (49.7%, <i>n</i> = 791); (2) High symptoms with intrusion (10.6%, <i>n</i> = 169); (3) Moderate symptoms (26.9%, <i>n</i> = 428); and (4) Resilient avoidant (12.8%, <i>n</i> = 203). Older participants, those with refugee background, shorter residence in the host country, more experiences of daily stressors or discrimination, or low family support were less likely to belong to the Low symptoms or Resilient avoidant groups (<i>p</i> ≤ .001).<b>Conclusions</b>: The profiles reflected distinct differentiation of intrusive and avoidance dimensions of the PTSD-symptoms. Intrusion clustered with high level of other mental health problems, whereas avoidance co-occurred with high resilience. Experiences related to immigration, stressors, and family support were crucial determinants of the wellbeing profile membership. Future interventions should utilize information obtained by person-centered studies to create better targeted and tailored support for immigrant and refugee adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2479924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pain of PTSD: integrating persistent or chronic pain within emotional processing theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Natalie Hellman, Stephanie M Haft, Anna Woodbury, Andrew M Sherrill, Sheila A M Rauch","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2479923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2479923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain are devastating conditions that often co-occur. Current understanding of comorbid PTSD and chronic pain is limited, and treatment options are undereffective.<b>Objective:</b> This paper presents a theoretical basis for conceptualising chronic pain symptoms within Emotional Processing Theory (EPT), the foundation for Prolonged Exposure (PE), an effective treatment for PTSD. EPT conceptualises the development and treatment of PTSD using a trauma structure that strongly overlaps with pain's neurobiology.<b>Method:</b> This paper proposes a model of shared aetiology and treatment of comorbid PTSD and chronic pain, emphasising these shared neurobiological underpinnings. Discussion details how the comorbidity is maintained through parallel avoidance processes focused on: (1) trauma memories and reminders in PTSD preventing reduction of negative affect (extinction) and inhibitory learning, and (2) physical pain in chronic pain fuelling increased pain and reduced function.<b>Results:</b> A conceptualisation is presented on how PTSD and chronic pain symptomology can be addressed within the EPT framework, increasing the confidence of providers and patients while addressing an important gap in the literature. Finally, recommendations for providers using PE with patients with PTSD and pain are provided including a case example and treatment plan based on real patients.<b>Conclusions:</b> This model provides a clinically useful understanding of the underlying neurobiology for the co-occurrence of PTSD and chronic pain and offers direction for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2479923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and posttraumatic stress disorder: a Mendelian randomization study and potential mechanism analysis.","authors":"Yingchong Li, Bangliang Xu, Zhitao Chen","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2494480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2025.2494480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex condition linked to inflammation. The causality between inflammatory cytokines and PTSD risk remains unclear.<b>Methods:</b> We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 41 inflammatory cytokines and PTSD. Additional analyses included differential gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and functional enrichment to explore underlying mechanisms.<b>Results:</b> MR analysis indicated that higher levels of stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) are associated with a reduced risk of PTSD. Genes POGZ and LRIG2 were identified as mediators, implicated in the TGF-beta signalling pathway.<b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings suggest a protective role of certain cytokines against PTSD and highlight potential molecular mediators. This knowledge could inform future therapeutic strategies for PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2494480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective and objective sleep disturbances following trauma-focused treatment.","authors":"Salomé Porten, Franziska Friedmann, Nikola Schoofs, Charlotte Barth, Kristina Meyer, Philip Santangelo, Ulrich Ebner-Priemer, Meike Müller-Engelmann, Regina Steil, Nikolaus Kleindienst, Frank Enning, Thomas Fydrich, Kathlen Priebe","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2542044","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2542044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Most individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report sleep disturbances. Yet, results on the impact of trauma-focused therapy on subjective and objective sleep disturbances are inconsistent.<b>Objectives:</b> This study conducted secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial (RCT; German Clinical Trials Registration: DRKS00005578) to investigate changes in both subjective and objective sleep over the course of trauma-focused therapy and whether these changes differed for dialectical behaviour therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) or cognitive processing therapy (CPT).<b>Methods:</b> Women with PTSD related to childhood abuse were randomized to receive DBT-PTSD or CPT. Sleep was assessed in <i>n</i> = 180 women using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep diaries, and actigraphy at baseline, 6 and 12 months into treatment, with sleep monitoring for 1 week at each assessment.<b>Results:</b> Subjective sleep disturbances improved significantly from pre- to post-treatment, reflected in better PSQI scores (<i>d</i> = 0.76), sleep quality (<i>d</i> = 0.69), and total sleep time (<i>d</i> = 0.11) in sleep diary entries with no differences between treatment groups. No significant changes were observed in actigraphy measures. In total, 76% of participants still met the clinical cut-off of 5 on the PSQI, indicating clinically significant subjective sleep disturbances.<b>Conclusions:</b> PTSD treatments were linked to improvements in subjective sleep quality, but objective sleep measures remained unaffected. A high percentage of participants with persistent clinical sleep disturbances after treatment highlight the need for further research on the efficacy of PTSD treatments on sleep disturbances. To reduce the burden of sleep disturbances, sleep-specific treatment components may need to be added to trauma-focused treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2542044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Stay with the body': facilitating integrative silence in community-based sexual trauma care.","authors":"Leona Morgan, Sarojini Nadar, Ines Keygnaert","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2510020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2510020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Research has demonstrated that the verbal disclosure for adult victims of childhood sexual trauma (CST) presents significant challenges and seldom provides comprehensive trauma integration. Limited psychosocial support and specialist trauma care particularly in marginalised communities, can further exacerbate the non-disclosure of CST. Although various intervention models for adult victims of CST exist, the potential of facilitating integrative silence as part of community centred integrative trauma informed care (ITIC), remains under-explored.<b>Objective</b>: The objective of this article, is to document how facilitating spaces of integrative silence in a therapeutic context, shifts embodied trauma awareness, comprehensive trauma realisation and trauma integration for adult victims of CST from intergenerational marginalised contexts.<b>Methods</b>: Through participatory action research (PAR), framed in de-colonial feminist community praxis with 13 women aged 21-62, the first author as therapist-researcher facilitated audio-visual recorded semi-structured interviews (<i>n</i> = 13) and integrative trauma informed care (ITIC) follow-up sessions (<i>n</i> = 60) to assess the value of the spoken, unspoken and silence in trauma care. Inductive reflexive thematic analysis and a multistage recursive coding process of verbatim transcriptions, were used to identify embodied trauma awareness before, during, and after periods of silence.<b>Results</b>: The de-colonial, feminist framing for community centred ITIC enhanced participant-specific embodied awareness, establishing a safe space for self-reflection. Contextual sensitivity and careful attention to the therapeutic environment were paramount. The facilitation of non-verbal expression empowered participants to explore alternatives to normative, essentialist and religious narratives that often stigmatise trauma responses. This approach enabled participants to reclaim a sense of agency, improving self-regulation and self-care.<b>Conclusion</b>: This study highlights the potential of integrative silence in community based therapeutic contexts. Future research could explore the role of integrative silence in treating various forms of trauma in different cultural and geographic settings and its integration with other therapeutic modalities to enhance culturally sensitive mental health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2510020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of identity-oriented psychotrauma therapy on Hashimoto disease activity: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Maria-Magdalena Macarenco, Cristian Opariuc-Dan, Teodora Georgescu","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2520636","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2520636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b><b>Background:</b> Childhood adversity and trauma have been linked to altered thyroid function and hypothyroidism, yet few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the effectiveness of trauma-focused psychological interventions in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).<b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Identity-Oriented Psychotrauma Therapy (IOPT) in adults with HT, focusing on both immunological and psychological outcomes.<b>Method:</b> This parallel-group RCT randomised 70 adults with HT (93.94% women; age 25-57) to receive treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus IOPT. The intervention comprised 10 bimonthly group sessions, one session every two weeks. Outcomes included thyroid peroxidase (TPO-ab) and thyroglobulin (TG-ab) antibodies, along with depression, anxiety, stress, dissociation, alexithymia, and anger, assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. A series of 2-way mixed-model ANOVAs and Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests were used. Missing data due to attrition - particularly in the control group (37%) - were addressed via multiple imputation, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test robustness.<b>Results:</b> Initial analyses suggested that IOPT significantly reduced TPO-ab levels compared to TAU (<i>p</i> < .001), with effects maintained at follow-up (<i>p</i> = .01); however, these effects were not replicated in complete case analysis. IOPT led to significant improvements in dissociation (<i>p</i> = .03), alexithymia (<i>p</i> < .001), depression (<i>p</i> < .001), anxiety (<i>p</i> < .001), stress (<i>p</i> = .015), state anger (<i>p</i> = .009), anger-in (<i>p</i> = .009), and quality of life (<i>p</i> = .042) at follow-up.<b>Conclusion:</b> These preliminary findings suggest that IOPT, when added to standard medical care, may offer psychological benefits for HT patients and could potentially influence immunological outcomes. However, given the attrition-related sensitivity of some results, further replication in larger, well-retained samples is necessary before drawing definitive conclusions.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04600349.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2520636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap: a nested randomised pilot study of culturally inclusive, internet-delivered prolonged exposure for PTSD among immigrants.","authors":"Olof Molander, Karoline Kolaas, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, Moa Pontén, Josefin Särnholm, Maria Bragesjö","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2520637","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2520637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> PTSD is disproportionately prevalent among immigrants in Sweden, yet access to evidence-based treatments remains limited, especially for those facing language barriers. Internet-delivered prolonged exposure (I-PE) may help overcome these challenges, but its feasibility and effectiveness in diverse populations remain underexplored.<b>Objective:</b> This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a culturally inclusive, therapist-guided I-PE programme in easy-to-read English for immigrants with PTSD.<b>Method</b>: A nested pilot study within an ongoing RCT randomised 30 participants to I-PE or a waitlist control. The intervention incorporated simplified language, diverse visual representations, and a user-friendly platform. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, adherence, and retention. Acceptability was assessed through satisfaction, adverse effects, and cultural appropriateness, while preliminary efficacy was evaluated via PTSD symptom severity and secondary measures of depression.<b>Results:</b> Recruitment was completed in six weeks, with moderate to high retention. Adherence was strong, with 63% completing at least five I-PE modules. Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable, with no major cultural barriers. The easy-to-read English format was well received, with no reported linguistic accessibility issues. No serious adverse events were reported. PTSD symptoms significantly decreased in the I-PE group (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.45; <i>p</i> < .001), with moderate reductions in depression (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .80; <i>p</i> < .01).<b>Conclusions:</b> The findings support the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally inclusive, therapist-guided I-PE programme for PTSD among immigrants. The participants perceived the I-PE as helpful, trustworthy, and easy to use, with no suggestions for further cultural modifications or reports of cultural inappropriateness. However, the sample's relatively high English proficiency and education may limit generalizability to other groups who have migrated to Sweden. A full-scale randomised controlled trial is needed to assess clinical and cost-effectiveness, as well as implementation across more diverse immigrant populations.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06193161..</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2520637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal associations between cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms among Syrian young adults with refugee backgrounds: a four-wave longitudinal study.","authors":"Haza F Rahim, Trudy T M Mooren, Jeroen W Knipscheer, Joanne M Chung, Odilia M Laceulle, Paul A Boelen","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2511524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2511524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The current study examined temporal associations between cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms (posttraumatic stress [PTS] and anxiety/depression) in Syrian young adults, who recently migrated to the Netherlands. It was hypothesized that cultural identity conflict predicts intraindividual changes in PTS and anxiety/depression symptoms, in a course of one year, adjusting for trait-like stable invariant levels of both constructs.<b>Methods:</b> Data were obtained from Karakter, a four-wave longitudinal study, with a sample of 158 Syrian young adults with refugee backgrounds (<i>n </i>= 96 at wave 4); 69% men and age range 18-35. Levels of cultural identity conflict, PTS, and anxiety/depression were assessed four times, over 13 months.<b>Results:</b> Random intercept cross-lagged panel model analyses showed relative stability in levels of cultural identity conflict, PTS, and anxiety/depression from one wave to the next. No significant concurrent associations were found between deviations from people's usual levels of cultural identity conflict and PTS symptoms. Additionally, the results revealed two significant negative cross-lagged associations between cultural identity conflict and PTS. No cross-lagged associations were found between cultural identity conflict and anxiety/depression, except one negative directional effect from anxiety/depression at wave 2 to cultural identity conflict at wave 3.<b>Conclusions:</b> Findings indicate that after accounting for between-person differences, cultural identity conflict and psychological symptoms refer to stable, within-person processes over time. We speculate that early intervention focused on PTS, anxiety/depression as well as experienced cultural identity conflict may prevent these problems from becoming chronic, among Syrians with refugee backgrounds in the post-migration context.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2511524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between one's social life and symptoms of prolonged grief following a traumatic loss: an ecological momentary assessment study.","authors":"Philippa Specker, Justina Pociūnaitė-Ott, Ariela Lev Rosenblum, Sofia Marcolini, Pascale Waschnig, Christopher Magoon, Annie-Lori Joseph, Lieke C J Nijborg, Xi Pan, Lonneke I M Lenferink","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2515705","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2515705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> A strong social safety net may play a key role in protecting people from developing prolonged grief disorder (PGD) after a traumatic loss. This has mainly been investigated cross-sectionally, whereby people usually report on their social life and PGD reactions during the past month. However, retrospectively recalling experiences is prone to recall bias.<b>Objective:</b> As such, we investigated the associations between pleasantness of social interactions and PGD reactions in traumatically bereaved people using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).<b>Methods:</b> People whose loved one died due to homicide, suicide, or accident at least 12 months earlier (<i>N</i> = 36, 78% women, <i>M</i>_age = 56, 47% met PGD criteria) received smartphone-based surveys five times per day for two weeks. Surveys included questions about PGD intensity (e.g. 'In the past 3 hours, did you yearn for your loved one?' 0 = not at all, 6 = extremely) and their quality of social life (e.g. 'In the past 3 hours, how did you find being with others?' 0 = very unpleasant, 6 = very pleasant). Linear mixed models were used.<b>Results:</b> Based on 2520 measurement occasions, we found that when a person enjoyed their social life more than usual, they grieved less (<i>B</i> = -0.141, <i>SE</i> = 0.020, <i>p</i> < .001). However, whether a person's social life was more or less pleasant than their peers was not related to their PGD levels.<b>Conclusions:</b> This EMA study highlights the importance of accounting for individual variability in grief reactions after loss and highlights the potential utility of strengthening one's social safety net as a way to reduce the burden of PGD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2515705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12314890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health help-seeking behaviours of East Asian immigrants: a scoping review.","authors":"Jeongok Park, Sejeong Lee, Gyeryung Park, Sue Woodward","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2514327","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2514327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The global immigrant population is increasing annually, and Asian immigrants have a substantial representation within the immigrant population. Due to a myriad of challenges such as acculturation, discrimination, language, and financial issues, immigrants are at high risk of mental health conditions. However, a large-scale mapping of the existing literature regarding these issues has yet to be completed.<b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to investigate the mental health conditions, help-seeking behaviours, and factors affecting mental health service utilization among East Asian immigrants residing in Western countries.<b>Method:</b> This study adopted the scoping review methodology based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. A comprehensive database search was conducted in May 2024 in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Search terms were developed based on participants, concept, context framework. The participants were East Asian immigrants and their families, and the concept of interest was mental health help-seeking behaviours and mental health service utilization. Regarding the context, studies targeting East Asian immigrants in Western countries were included. Data were summarized narratively and presented in a tabular and word cloud format.<b>Results:</b> Out of 1990 studies, 31 studies were included. East Asian immigrants often face mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviours. They predominantly sought help from informal sources such as family, friends, religion, and complementary or alternative medicine, rather than from formal sources such as mental health clinics or healthcare professionals. Facilitators of seeking help included recognizing the need for professional help, experiencing severe symptoms, higher levels of acculturation, longer length of stay in the host country. Barriers included stigma, cultural beliefs, and language barriers.<b>Conclusions:</b> The review emphasizes the need for culturally tailored interventions to improve mental health outcomes in this vulnerable population. These results can guide future research and policymaking to address mental health disparities in immigrant communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2514327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}