European Journal of Psychotraumatology最新文献

{"title":"The factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire - Heywood cases in confirmatory factor analysis.","authors":"Karen-Inge Karstoft, Erik Vindbjerg, Anni B S Nielsen, Søren Bo Andersen, Sofie Folke","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2444745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2444745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> A number of studies have tested the factor structure of the suggested ICD-11 symptom criteria for PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD) across various trauma populations, finding support for two different models in line with the ICD-11 theoretical rationale.<b>Objective:</b> Here, we aim to explore the factor structure of the Danish version of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) by testing two alternative factor models that have previously gained support in a large sample of treatment-seeking veterans.<b>Method:</b> Treatment-seeking Danish soldiers and veterans (<i>N</i> = 599) recruited from the Military Psychology Department in the Danish Defence completed the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess fit of a first-order and a second-order model.<b>Results:</b> Both models fit the data well but displayed latent variable correlations above 1 and negative variances (known as Heywood cases), indicating model misspecification or other problems. The specification problems included the latent variable Affect Dysregulation.<b>Conclusions:</b> Based on our results and results reported in previous CFAs of the ITQ, we suggest consideration of the proposed models. While many previous studies did find support for the models with no indications of misfit, others find Heywood cases concerning the same items and latent variables as our analysis. Hence, models of (C)PTSD based on the ITQ should be carefully evaluated and interpreted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2444745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating dual crises: mental health of Czech health care workers during the Ukrainian refugee influx and COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Miroslava Janoušková, Jana Šeblová, Pavla Brennan Kearns, Matěj Kučera, Marie Kuklová, Jaroslav Pekara, Dominika Seblova","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2455247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2025.2455247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b><b>Background</b>: European health care workers recently experienced serious challenges to their mental health. Following the extremely stressful experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine caused a humanitarian influx of refugees in need of social and healthcare. We aimed to explore: (1) how working with refugees has affected the mental well-being of health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) the nature of health care workers' emotional strain related to the refugee situation and the war in Ukraine.<b>Methods</b>: We used a combination of quantitative regression analyses and qualitative content analysis to assess data collected by an online questionnaire in 2022. The study included 1121 health care workers from the Czech arm of the international HEROES Study.<b>Results</b>: Quantitative findings did not indicate that working with Ukrainian refugees was reliably associated with a greater occurrence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress, or burnout. Qualitative analysis revealed five categories of emotional strain: impacts on working conditions, emotional reactions to refugees and the war, comparisons with the COVID-19 pandemic, and coping strategies.<b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights the resilience of health care workers but also points to the need for ongoing support to address the complex emotional challenges they face during health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2455247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of congruent and incongruent appetitive and aversive well-being comparisons on depression, post-traumatic stress, and self-esteem.","authors":"Emily N Keppler, Nexhmedin Morina, Pascal Schlechter","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2454193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2454193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> People compare their current well-being to different comparison standards (e.g. social or temporal comparisons). These standards are considered as aversive if perceived as threatening to self-motives or appetitive if perceived as consistent with self-motives. However, it remains unknown whether the congruence (vs. incongruence) of aversive and appetitive well-being comparisons (high levels of both vs. preponderance of aversive comparisons over appetitive comparisons) is differentially related to symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-esteem.<b>Methods:</b> We conducted response surface analysis (RSA) on data from a study with two-timepoints three months apart (<i>N</i> = 921). RSA tests whether the degree of (in-)congruence of two variables is positively or negatively related to an outcome variable. Here, baseline aversive and appetitive well-being comparisons (comparison frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact) served as the two predictor variables, while depression, PTSD, and self-esteem three months later served as outcomes.<b>Results:</b> Findings partially confirmed our hypotheses. Congruently high (vs. low) levels of aversive and appetitive comparison frequency and discrepancy predicted more depressive/PTSD symptoms and lower self-esteem. Some evidence indicated more pronounced depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem (but not PTSD) for the preponderance of aversive over appetitive comparisons.<b>Conclusions:</b> The effects of congruent and incongruent aversive and appetitive comparisons as well as a potentially more crucial role of aversive than appetitive well-being comparisons in depression and self-esteem align with comparison theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2454193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of childhood trauma on social media-induced secondary traumatic stress among college students: the chain mediating effect of self-compassion and resilience.","authors":"Xiqin Liu, Ye Yao, Siyu Zhu, Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2456322","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2456322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Studies have shown that media exposure to critical public events can lead to secondary traumatic stress (STS). Personal trauma history, self-compassion and resilience are important factors influencing STS in healthy professionals. However, whether these variables are associated with social media-induced STS in college students and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the complex relationship linking childhood trauma to social media-induced STS in a large sample of college students.<b>Methods:</b> A total of 1151 Chinese college students from Chengdu, Sichuan Province of China completed a web-based cross-sectional survey, which included standard assessments of childhood trauma, self-compassion, resilience and social media-induced STS, as well as sociodemographic questionnaires. The chain mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro programme in SPSS software.<b>Results:</b> There was a moderate correlation between childhood trauma and social media-induced STS (<i>r = </i>0.34, <i>p </i>< .001). This association was significantly mediated by self-compassion (indirect effect [95% CI] = 0.14[0.11, 0.17]) and resilience (indirect effect = 0.03[0.01, 0.04]), respectively. Further, a chained mediating effect was observed with self-compassion and resilience consecutively mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and social media-induced STS (indirect effect = 0.02[0.01, 0.03]). These results persisted after sociodemographic characteristics were included as controlling variables.<b>Conclusions:</b> Early life trauma impacts STS induced by exposure to traumatic materials on social media through self-compassion and resilience among Chinese college students. Psychological interventions targeting self-compassion and resilience can be implemented to reduce the risk of STS, especially in vulnerable individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2456322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric accuracy of the Dutch Child and Adolescent Trauma Screener.","authors":"Lieke H Kooij, Irma M Hein, Cedric Sachser, Samantha Bouwmeester, Madelief Bosse, Ramón J L Lindauer","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2450985","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2450985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometrics of the Dutch version of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screener (CATS-2). By this, an international recognized instrument to screen symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTSS) in children and adolescents according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) becomes available for Dutch youth.<b>Procedure and Method:</b> Based on the validated CATS-2 we established the Dutch version, named the KJTS. A total of 587 children and adolescent, age 7-21, and 658 caregivers referred to mental health care services in Amsterdam was included in the study to examine psychometric properties. The construct was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore reliability, convergent-divergent patterns and diagnostic test accuracy were examined.<b>Results:</b> The underlying DSM-5 factor structure with four symptom clusters (re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in mood and cognitions, hyperarousal) was supported by CFA showing a good fit for the selfreport (CFI = .95, TLI = .94), and an acceptable fit for the caregiver report (CFI = .90, TLI = .89). The KJTS showed excellent reliability (alpha = .92) on both selfreport and caregiver report. The convergent-discriminant validity pattern showed medium to strong correlations with measures of internalization problems, such as anxiety and affective problems (<i>r</i> = .44-.72) and low to medium correlations with externalizing symptoms (<i>r</i> = .21-.36). The ROC-curve analysis has proven a good accuracy (AUC = .81; <i>n</i> = 106).<b>Discussion and conclusion:</b> This study demonstrates the psychometric accuracy of the KJTS in a Dutch clinical population. The KJTS reflects adequately the dimensionality of PTSD as described in the DSM-5, with a good fit for selfreports, an acceptable fit for caregiver reports, excellent reliability and sufficient validity. Limitations are described. The outcomes support the use of the KJTS in research and clinical practice for screening and monitoring of PTSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2450985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences and impact of moral injury in prisons.","authors":"Victoria Williamson, Dominic Murphy, Danielle Lamb, Radha Kothari, Derek Tracy, Neil Greenberg","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2445899","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2445899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral injury is the persistent mental or emotional distress resulting from events that challenge one's moral beliefs. It is characterised by intense shame, guilt, worthlessness, disgust or anger and can contribute towards the development of serious mental disorders. The nature of working in prisons means that staff often face physically and psychologically challenging scenarios, and prison staff report high rates of mental ill-health and suicidal thoughts. Equally, detainees may be especially vulnerable to moral injury-related mental health difficulties having engaged in illicit actions and been found guilty by a jury of their peers as well as, in high profile cases, the court of public opinion. Despite this, there is an evidence gap about the extent of moral injury in both prison staff and detainee populations, and about how prison staff/detainees can be better supported. How struggling with moral injury may be linked to reoffending amongst detainees and burnout or resignations in prisons staff is currently unknown. In resource strapped prison settings, emerging treatments for moral injury-related mental health difficulties are unlikely to be appropriate or feasible. In this article, we highlight the contexts in which moral injury may arise; the unique challenges to treatment and support for moral injury in prison settings; and offer targeted recommendations for future research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2445899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood abuse and neglect and adult body attitude.","authors":"Laura Råman, Mia Scheffers, Janet Moeijes, Bertus F Jeronimus","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2439652","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2439652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The body is the medium through which humans experience the world, and the body is key to most suffering, healing, and clinical mental diagnoses. Body attitude refers to the affective, cognitive, and behavioural aspects of embodiment, which typically is more negative in clinical samples.<b>Objective:</b> We examine how adult body attitude is associated with self-reported childhood abuse and neglect. We hypothesised that child sexual abuse is associated stronger with a negative adult body attitude than emotional or physical abuse/neglect would. Second, we expected that the association between body attitude and childhood sexual abuse was gender equivalent. Third, we expected a more positive body attitude in men than women after childhood physical abuse/neglect or emotional abuse/neglect.<b>Method:</b> Body attitude was measured with the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DBIQ-NL) and the severity and type of childhood trauma with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in 749 Dutch adults aged 18-77. We fit multiple regression models and focused on childhood abuse and neglect with moderate to severe intensity.<b>Results:</b> Childhood sexual abuse (∼15%), physical neglect (∼14%), emotional abuse (∼20%) and emotional neglect (∼30%) are associated with a more negative body attitude, while childhood physical abuse (moderate/severe, ∼6%) associated with a slightly more positive adult body attitude. Body attitude associations with childhood abuse/neglect were similar for both genders (no moderation).<b>Conclusion:</b> Child maltreatment seems to precede the development of a more negative adult body attitude and more negative body experiences compared to individuals without child maltreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2439652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation: a descriptive phenomenological study.","authors":"ZhiRu Li, FangYan Lu, Li Dong, Li Zheng, JingYun Wu, SiYuan Wu, Yan Wang, HuaFen Wang","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2447184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2447184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To explore the experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation.<b>Methods</b>: Participants were recruited within 2 weeks of their child's transplant surgery using purposive sampling. Transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework, with collaborative analysis conducted using NVivo 12 software and a post-traumatic growth model.<b>Results:</b> Five themes were identified: (a) experiencing a devastating blow, (b) cognitive reconstruction under overwhelming pain, (c) an arduous journey of decision-making, (d) rebirth in adversity and (e) post-traumatic growth. Parents undergo significant post-traumatic responses to their child's diagnosis of biliary atresia and liver transplantation, marking two major traumatic events. During the diagnostic stage, parents experience intense post-traumatic reactions characterized by emotional fluctuations and intrusive thoughts. The early treatment phase represents a crucial time for parents to transition from `denial of reality' to `accepting diseases'. The process of liver transplantation is also a significant traumatic event, accompanied by a final hope. Parents in the stable period after liver transplantation feel fortunate, hopeful and grateful, and their post-traumatic growth manifests gradually.<b>Conclusions:</b> Parents' experience of post-traumatic growth involves dynamic changes. Tailored intervention strategies should be developed for different stages to enhance their post-traumatic growth and psychological well-being. During the early treatment stage, mental health professionals could provide cognitive interventions to encourage parents to express their negative emotions and guide them to develop positive cognition toward traumatic events. The coping strategies and increasing personal growth are also important. In the postoperative stage, mental health professionals need to fully evaluate the coping styles of parents, and encourage them to establish effective internal coping strategies, while classic gratitude interventions could be given during the post-traumatic growth stage. Future research could involve a longitudinal qualitative study to explore parents' post-traumatic growth experiences at different stages of their children's transplantation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2447184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International study of the perceived stress and psychological impact of the 7 October attacks on Holocaust survivors.","authors":"Bruno Halioua, Patrick Bantman, Rachel Rimmer, Eric Ghozlan, Muriel Vaislic, Dan Halioua, Fabienne Amson, Charles Taieb, Richard Prasquier, Jean-François Gutthman, Robert Ejnes, Stéphanie Dassa, Alexis Astruc, Marc Cohen, Samuel Sarfati, Marc Fohlen-Weill, Odile Namia-Cohen, Aline Deutscher, Jonathan Taieb","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2428025","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2428025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The terrorist attacks of 7 October 2023 in southern Israel had a significant impact on the mental health of Holocaust Survivors (HS), who are considered to be particularly vulnerable to traumatic events. The aim of the study was to assess the severity of perceived stress and the psychological impact of the 7 October attacks on HS.<b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted from 30 October to 15 December 2023 among HS who were contacted through HS support organisations (OSE, Aloumim). They completed a questionnaire consisting of four sections: socio-demographic data and experiences during the Holocaust, assessment of psychological stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), feelings of isolation, health consequences, and reactions to the 7 October attacks.<b>Results:</b> 171 HS completed the questionnaire with 61 males (35.7%) with a mean age of 86.6+/-4.4 years (min 79-max 97). 59.6%, lived outside Israel, mainly in France. The mean score on the PSS-10 was 17.7 +/-6.0 on a scale of 5 to 40. The average PSS 10 score is not significantly higher in cases of age ≤90 years (18.0 ± 6.0 vs 15.7 ± 6.4, NS), or for those living in Israel (17.2 ± 5.3 vs 18.1 ± 6.6, NS). About a quarter reported feelings of isolation or loneliness following the attacks. The impact of the 7 October attacks was particularly significant among those living outside Israel. Approximately two-thirds felt that the events had rekindled memories of their Holocaust experiences, and nearly one-third observed a decline in their health since the attacks. Among survivors living outside Israel, 86.6% expressed concern about the future safety and identity of their children and grandchildren as Jews.<b>Conclusion:</b> Identifying Holocaust survivors (HS) who are experiencing psychological distress is crucial to providing them with appropriate therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2428025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in early posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a network analysis.","authors":"Line Rønning, Rachel L Zelkowitz, Marilyn L Piccirillo, Jianlin Liu, Jordan L Thomas, Jessy Guler, J Joana Kyei, Chris M Hoeboer, Jeanet F Karchoud, Miranda Olff, Anke B Witteveen, Mirjam van Zuiden","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2448385","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2448385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Despite known gender/sex differences in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potential differences in the associations among PTSD symptoms between men and women in the early post-trauma period are not well-characterized.<b>Objective:</b> This study utilized network analysis to assess potential differences in the associations among PTSD symptom clusters between men and women during the early post-trauma period.<b>Method:</b> We included <i>n</i> = 475 participants (57.5% self-identified women) who recently (≤2 months) experienced an interpersonal or motor vehicle potential traumatic event in the Netherlands. Past month PTSD symptoms were measured with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and composited according to the five-node PTSD symptom cluster dysphoric arousal model. We estimated the network as well as indices of centrality (strength and predictability) and assessed the stability of the modelled networks in subsamples of men (<i>n </i>= 202) and women (<i>n </i>= 273). We compared network structures using the Network Comparison Test (NCT).<b>Results:</b> Results largely demonstrated adequate correlation stability for the estimated network structures for women and men. For both men and women, avoidance symptoms were among the strongest nodes with greatest predictability in the networks. In men, anxious arousal additionally showed high strength whereas re-experiencing showed high predictability. In women, re-experiencing symptoms demonstrated both high strength and predictability. The NCT demonstrated nonsignificant differences in global network structure (<i>M </i>= 0.08, <i>p</i> = .054) and strength (<i>S</i> = .073, <i>p</i> = .067). Post hoc comparisons showed an association of re-experiencing symptoms with negative alterations in cognitions and mood in men but not women (<i>E</i> = .038, <i>p</i> = .005).<b>Conclusion:</b> Results demonstrated possible modest gender differences in aspects of network structure although most elements of the network structure were similar across genders. These results help to characterize gender differences in associations among PTSD symptom clusters during the early post-trauma period, which may inform the potential relevance of future gender-sensitive early intervention strategies to ameliorate the risk for long-term PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2448385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}