European Journal of Psychotraumatology最新文献

{"title":"Self-compassion, self-coldness, and social support and their relationship with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms following a massive terror attack: a prospective study.","authors":"Efrat Barel, Lubna Tannous-Haddad, Orna Tzischinsky","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2461948","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2461948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> On 7 October 2023, Israel suffered a massive deadly terror attack with 1400 civilians murdered and 240 kidnapped. Recent studies have documented an increase in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic symptoms in the aftermath of the attack. In the area of trauma, it has been shown that while some individuals are vulnerable to developing psychopathology following exposure to a traumatic event, the majority are not.<b>Objective:</b> In the present prospective study, we examined the contributions of internal (self-compassion and self-coldness) and external (social support) resources to depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic symptoms among civilians following a massive terror attack.<b>Method:</b> A total of 250 participants - 126 females (50.4%) and 124 males (49.6%); 156 Jews (62.4%) and 94 Arabs (37.6%) - aged 21-60 (<i>M</i>  = 41.7, <i>SD</i> = 10.63) completed questionnaires at two time points: T1 was in September 2023 (3-4 weeks before the attack) and T2 was in February-March 2024 (19-20 weeks after the attack). Participants were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF)<b>,</b> Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ).<b>Results:</b> Self-compassion and social support were negatively associated with depression and anxiety, while self-coldness was positively associated with depression and anxiety. In addition, self-coldness uniquely contributed to the prediction of psychopathological outcomes, including the sense of threat symptoms cluster of posttraumatic stress disorder, beyond known risk factors.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our study highlights the role of self-coldness as a vulnerability factor for civilians following a terror attack. It is important to view the distinct facets of self-compassion as a therapeutic target when building both intervention and prevention programs for people exposed directly and indirectly to trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2461948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a better definition of nociplastic pain conditions: a psychological grounded study on fibromyalgia, chronic headache and vulvodynia.","authors":"Martina Mesce, Filippo Maria Nimbi, Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Carlo Lai, Federica Galli","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2461434","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2461434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study investigates the psychological underpinnings of chronic pain conditions, specifically fibromyalgia, chronic headache, vulvodynia, and mixed condition (consisting of fibromyalgia in comorbidity with chronic headache and/or vulvodynia), with a focus on nociplastic pain mechanisms.<b>Objective:</b> The aim of the study is to better understand the psychological functioning of women with different chronic pain conditions to identify and discuss similarities and differences. In particular, we aim to explore any significant differences in the domain of traumatic experiences, in global defensive functioning, and in the domain of alexithymia among the evaluated groups. Further, the 4 groups with chronic pain will be compared with a healthy control group.<b>Methods:</b> A sample of 1006 Italian women diagnosed with chronic pain participated in the study, categorized into four clinical groups and a healthy control group. Measures were assessed using self-report measures, in particular: Traumatic Experiences Checklist, Defense Mechanism Rating Scales, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale.<b>Results:</b> There are significant differences among groups, with mixed conditions exhibiting the highest levels of traumatic experiences, particularly emotional neglect and physical threats. Fibromyalgia and mixed condition groups displayed greater reliance on neurotic defense mechanisms. Additionally, fibromyalgia and mixed condition participants exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, indicating difficulties in emotional processing.<b>Conclusions:</b> These findings underscore the complex interplay between psychological factors and nociplastic pain conditions, emphasizing the importance of personalized psychological interventions in managing nociplastic pain. The study highlights the need for multidisciplinary approaches to nociplastic pain treatment, considering the diverse psychological profiles of affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2461434"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143406260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging Ukrainian TF-CBT therapists in a PRACTICE skills course to support their wellbeing.","authors":"Elisabeth Pollio, Esther Deblinger, Beth Cooper, Maike Garbade, Julie P Harrison, Elisa Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2476898","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2476898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) are common among therapists working with trauma-exposed clients, which can negatively impact them professionally and personally. The shared trauma of war exposure may put therapists at greater risk. To help support their wellbeing, an eight-session course was offered to Ukrainian therapists following training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). This course involves therapists personally utilizing the PRACTICE skills taught to clients in TF-CBT for professional and personal benefit.<b>Objective:</b> The objective was to gather preliminary evidence on the potential impact of implementing the course with Ukrainian therapists providing TF-CBT during a period of war in Ukraine. Specifically, this study examined if course participation was associated with increased PRACTICE coping skills usage, decreased burnout and STS, increased feelings of TF-CBT competency/confidence, and increased empathy for clients' experiences when implementing the skills.<b>Method:</b> The eight-session virtual course included cultural adaptations to increase its compatibility with Ukrainian culture. Thirteen matched pre-post course surveys were analysed to provide preliminary data on the course's effect on PRACTICE coping skills usage, burnout, and STS. The course's impact on therapist coping/wellbeing, TF-CBT competency/confidence, and empathy for clients was also examined qualitatively.<b>Results:</b> PRACTICE coping skills were utilized significantly more frequently at post-course compared to pre-course (<i>p</i> = .010). Therapists also reported lower average scores for burnout and STS after course completion, though these changes were not statistically significant. Most participants (92.3%) reported professional benefits from course participation including increased competency/confidence and empathy for clients. All therapists (100%) reported personal benefits from course participation including increased use of coping skills.<b>Conclusions:</b> Results indicate that participants experienced professional and personal benefits from course completion. This study provides helpful preliminary evidence of a positive impact, however, given the small sample size, larger scale implementation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2476898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'We're all in this together': the protective role of belongingness in the contribution of moral injury to mental health among participants in Israel's civil protest movement.","authors":"Yossi Levi-Belz, Yoav Groweiss, Iris Shachar Lavie, Yael Shoval Zuckerman, Carmel Blank","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2474374","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2474374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Participating in long-term protests against government actions can affect protesters' mental health and expose protesters to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), such as the betrayal by leaders they once trusted. This study aimed to shed light on the potential psychological buffers against the deleterious effects of exposure to PMIEs of betrayal among protesters and to examine the moderating role of belongingness in the relationships between protesters' exposure to PMIEs and stress, PTSD and depression levels.<b>Method:</b> The study sample comprised 4036 Israeli protesters (<i>M</i>_age= 54.27, <i>SD </i>= 12.45; 75.6% females) who took part in the unfolding civil protest movement against the government-led judicial and constitutional overhaul between January 2023 and August 2023. Protesters completed validated self-report questionnaires that included measures of PMIEs, stress, depressive and PTSD symptoms (PTSS).<b>Results:</b> Beyond demographic and protest-related characteristics, exposure to PMIEs of betrayal was found to contribute to both PTSD and depression levels. The indirect effects of PMIE-betrayal on PTSS/depressive symptoms through stress levels were significant, particularly when belongingness levels were low. Thus, a greater sense of PMIE-betrayal contributes to stress symptoms, which, in turn, is linked to higher levels of PTSS and depressive symptoms for protesters having low levels of belongingness.<b>Conclusions:</b> The study's findings highlight the critical contribution of PMIE-betrayal to both PTSS and depression levels, which were mediated by levels of stress. Moreover, experiencing belongingness moderated these relationships. Clinicians treating protesters coping with PTSS and depressive symptoms should also adopt therapeutic aims of establishing belongingness and social support among the protesters.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2474374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood abuse and neglect and adult body attitude.","authors":"Laura Råman, Mia Scheffers, Janet Moeijes, Bertus F Jeronimus","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2439652","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2439652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The body is the medium through which humans experience the world, and the body is key to most suffering, healing, and clinical mental diagnoses. Body attitude refers to the affective, cognitive, and behavioural aspects of embodiment, which typically is more negative in clinical samples.<b>Objective:</b> We examine how adult body attitude is associated with self-reported childhood abuse and neglect. We hypothesised that child sexual abuse is associated stronger with a negative adult body attitude than emotional or physical abuse/neglect would. Second, we expected that the association between body attitude and childhood sexual abuse was gender equivalent. Third, we expected a more positive body attitude in men than women after childhood physical abuse/neglect or emotional abuse/neglect.<b>Method:</b> Body attitude was measured with the Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DBIQ-NL) and the severity and type of childhood trauma with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in 749 Dutch adults aged 18-77. We fit multiple regression models and focused on childhood abuse and neglect with moderate to severe intensity.<b>Results:</b> Childhood sexual abuse (∼15%), physical neglect (∼14%), emotional abuse (∼20%) and emotional neglect (∼30%) are associated with a more negative body attitude, while childhood physical abuse (moderate/severe, ∼6%) associated with a slightly more positive adult body attitude. Body attitude associations with childhood abuse/neglect were similar for both genders (no moderation).<b>Conclusion:</b> Child maltreatment seems to precede the development of a more negative adult body attitude and more negative body experiences compared to individuals without child maltreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2439652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation: a descriptive phenomenological study.","authors":"ZhiRu Li, FangYan Lu, Li Dong, Li Zheng, JingYun Wu, SiYuan Wu, Yan Wang, HuaFen Wang","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2447184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2447184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To explore the experience of post-traumatic growth among parents of children with biliary atresia undergoing living-related liver transplantation.<b>Methods</b>: Participants were recruited within 2 weeks of their child's transplant surgery using purposive sampling. Transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework, with collaborative analysis conducted using NVivo 12 software and a post-traumatic growth model.<b>Results:</b> Five themes were identified: (a) experiencing a devastating blow, (b) cognitive reconstruction under overwhelming pain, (c) an arduous journey of decision-making, (d) rebirth in adversity and (e) post-traumatic growth. Parents undergo significant post-traumatic responses to their child's diagnosis of biliary atresia and liver transplantation, marking two major traumatic events. During the diagnostic stage, parents experience intense post-traumatic reactions characterized by emotional fluctuations and intrusive thoughts. The early treatment phase represents a crucial time for parents to transition from `denial of reality' to `accepting diseases'. The process of liver transplantation is also a significant traumatic event, accompanied by a final hope. Parents in the stable period after liver transplantation feel fortunate, hopeful and grateful, and their post-traumatic growth manifests gradually.<b>Conclusions:</b> Parents' experience of post-traumatic growth involves dynamic changes. Tailored intervention strategies should be developed for different stages to enhance their post-traumatic growth and psychological well-being. During the early treatment stage, mental health professionals could provide cognitive interventions to encourage parents to express their negative emotions and guide them to develop positive cognition toward traumatic events. The coping strategies and increasing personal growth are also important. In the postoperative stage, mental health professionals need to fully evaluate the coping styles of parents, and encourage them to establish effective internal coping strategies, while classic gratitude interventions could be given during the post-traumatic growth stage. Future research could involve a longitudinal qualitative study to explore parents' post-traumatic growth experiences at different stages of their children's transplantation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2447184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International study of the perceived stress and psychological impact of the 7 October attacks on Holocaust survivors.","authors":"Bruno Halioua, Patrick Bantman, Rachel Rimmer, Eric Ghozlan, Muriel Vaislic, Dan Halioua, Fabienne Amson, Charles Taieb, Richard Prasquier, Jean-François Gutthman, Robert Ejnes, Stéphanie Dassa, Alexis Astruc, Marc Cohen, Samuel Sarfati, Marc Fohlen-Weill, Odile Namia-Cohen, Aline Deutscher, Jonathan Taieb","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2428025","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2024.2428025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The terrorist attacks of 7 October 2023 in southern Israel had a significant impact on the mental health of Holocaust Survivors (HS), who are considered to be particularly vulnerable to traumatic events. The aim of the study was to assess the severity of perceived stress and the psychological impact of the 7 October attacks on HS.<b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted from 30 October to 15 December 2023 among HS who were contacted through HS support organisations (OSE, Aloumim). They completed a questionnaire consisting of four sections: socio-demographic data and experiences during the Holocaust, assessment of psychological stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), feelings of isolation, health consequences, and reactions to the 7 October attacks.<b>Results:</b> 171 HS completed the questionnaire with 61 males (35.7%) with a mean age of 86.6+/-4.4 years (min 79-max 97). 59.6%, lived outside Israel, mainly in France. The mean score on the PSS-10 was 17.7 +/-6.0 on a scale of 5 to 40. The average PSS 10 score is not significantly higher in cases of age ≤90 years (18.0 ± 6.0 vs 15.7 ± 6.4, NS), or for those living in Israel (17.2 ± 5.3 vs 18.1 ± 6.6, NS). About a quarter reported feelings of isolation or loneliness following the attacks. The impact of the 7 October attacks was particularly significant among those living outside Israel. Approximately two-thirds felt that the events had rekindled memories of their Holocaust experiences, and nearly one-third observed a decline in their health since the attacks. Among survivors living outside Israel, 86.6% expressed concern about the future safety and identity of their children and grandchildren as Jews.<b>Conclusion:</b> Identifying Holocaust survivors (HS) who are experiencing psychological distress is crucial to providing them with appropriate therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2428025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment stigma mediates relationships between morally injurious events and depression, PTSD and anxiety symptoms.","authors":"Shilat Haim-Nachum, Amit Lazarov, John C Markowitz, Maja Bergman, Yossi Levi-Belz, Ido Lurie, Milton L Wainberg, Shlomo Mendlovich, Yuval Neria, Doron Amsalem","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2471659","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2471659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Morally injurious events (MIEs), encompassing personal transgressions, witnessing others commit transgressions, or experiencing betrayal by leaders, can conflict with one's moral/ethical principles, evoking outrage and profound mistrust. Although MIEs are associated with depression, PTSD, and anxiety, the mechanisms linking MIEs to psychiatric symptomatology remain unclear, especially among civilians in times of collective trauma.<b>Objective:</b> This study explored one potential mechanism: stigma toward mental-health treatment, which can deter help-seeking and exacerbate guilt, shame, and mistrust.<b>Method:</b> We focused on civilians (<i>N </i>= 1,052) exposed to MIEs in conflict zones in southern and northern Israel following the 7 October 2023 attack. Participants were recruited using an online platform and assessed for depression, PTSD, and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesised that stigma toward treatment would mediate relationships between MIE exposure levels and depression, PTSD, and anxiety symptoms.<b>Results:</b> Results showed high MIE exposure levels and symptomatology among civilians in conflict zones. Moreover, we found significant indirect effects of stigma toward treatment on all three symptom types.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that while MIEs directly link to symptoms, stigma toward treatment plays a significant role in understanding this link. These findings emphasise the importance of addressing stigma toward treatment for individuals experiencing MIEs and underscore the need for targeted interventions in conflict zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2471659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index (PTSD RI-5) in a Turkish Clinical sample of trauma-exposed children.","authors":"Rana Selin Kucukardali, Beyza Nur Karal, Alan M Steinberg, Abdurrahman Cahid Orengul","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2465082","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2465082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Trauma victimization is common among children, however, a significant proportion of trauma victims go unrecognized unless they are thoroughly assessed, even in child psychiatry clinics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the Turkish version of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD RI-5) in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed children and adolescents.<b>Method:</b> A total of 208 children and adolescents admitted to the child psychiatry clinic, each of whom had a history of at least one traumatic event, were evaluated with the PTSD RI-5 to investigate trauma history and PTSD symptoms. All participants also completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and 64 participants were assessed with a semi-structured diagnostic interview for PTSD and depression.<b>Results:</b> Internal consistency for the total scale was high (Cronbach's α = 0.91) and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the four-factor structure of the PTSD RI-5 (CFI =  0.915, TLI = 0.902, RMSEA =0.062). ROC analysis showed strong diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.94).<b>Conclusion:</b> The Turkish version of the PTSD RI-5 may a reliable and valid tool for diagnosing PTSD in clinical samples and may improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes by identifying unrecognized trauma-related symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2465082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the revised Ukrainian version of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response scale (CTSR) in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war.","authors":"Iryna Frankova, Oksana Senyk, Oleksandr Avramchuk, Iryna Leshchuk, Andrii Rudys, Anton Kurapov, Aviva Goral","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2463186","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2025.2463186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The Continuous Traumatic Stress Response scale (CTSR) was designed to measure symptoms associated with multiple ongoing security threats in the context of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Since 2014, Ukraine has faced armed invasion and war, with nationwide insecurity since February 2022.<b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to adapt the CTSR scale into Ukrainian and evaluate its psychometric properties within a Ukrainian sample during the ongoing war.<b>Method:</b> The Ukrainian adaptation of the CTSR followed the procedure used in creating the original instrument (Goral, A., Feder-Bubis, P., Lahad, M., Galea, S., O'Rourke, N., & Aharonson-Daniel, L. (2021). Development and validation of the Continuous Traumatic Stress Response scale (CTSR) among adults exposed to ongoing security threats. <i>PLoS One</i>, <i>16</i>(5), e0251724). To identify a unique context-specific factor structure relevant to the Ukrainian experience, the initial 25 items were tested in a sample of 584 Ukrainians using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Subsequently, the established scale structure was assessed for homogeneity, and convergent validity using measures of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), perceived stress (PSS-4), resilience (BRS), and PTSD symptoms (PCL-5).<b>Results:</b> A three-factor, 9-item solution, representing the constructs of exhaustion, alienation, and helplessness, demonstrated the most acceptable fit among all the alternative CTSR models, including the original: χ² = 72.84, df = 24, <i>p</i> < .001, χ²/ (df) = 3.04, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.08. Cronbach's α for internal consistency ranged from 0.68 to 0.84 for total score, and subscales. Significant positive correlations ranging from 0.41 to 0.67 with symptom severity of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and PTSD established the convergent validity of the Ukrainian CTSR, indicating that it measures related yet distinctive psychological phenomena of reactions to continuous traumatic stress.<b>Conclusions:</b> The revised Ukrainian version of the CTSR scale is a reliable and valid measure of continuous traumatic stress response, accurately reflecting its manifestation in the Ukrainian context. These findings are crucial for guiding clinical interventions and research in prolonged war environments, where understanding the nuances of ongoing trauma is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12055,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2463186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}