European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Occupational physical demands in eldercare workers: a systematic scoping review of studies reporting quantitative data.","authors":"Nestor Lögdal, Jennie A Jackson, Svend Erik Mathiassen, Sven Svensson, David M Hallman","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05962-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05962-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize the literature on quantitative measures of physical demands in eldercare, with attention to differences between temporary and permanent workers, and to identify gaps to guide future physiological research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for English and Swedish peer-reviewed studies on physical demands in eldercare. Risk of bias was assessed, and descriptive data extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 37 relevant articles where physical demands were assessed via self-report (n = 23), biomechanical modeling (n = 6), and direct measurement (n = 8). Risk of bias assessment showed generally insufficient descriptions of study settings and poor descriptions of instruments assessing physical demands. Workers reported physical demands ranging from 40 to 98% maximum (different scales across studies). Biomechanical models showed peak forces in the lower back up to 5092 N during lifts and transfers. Direct measurements indicated that workers spent half to two-thirds of the day on feet, had oxygen uptakes 0.59-0.63 L/min, and mean heart rates 89-107 bpm across the workday. No study provided estimates specifically for temporary workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggested that eldercare work is perceived as demanding by the workers, who spend considerable time on feet, and that it comprises tasks with high spinal loads, but shows low cardiovascular demands. These findings offer a foundation for future studies exploring the short- and long-term physiological implications of occupational exposure in eldercare, including the effect of targeted interventions. Future studies are also needed that consider physical exposure differences between homecare and nursing home settings and between permanent and temporary workers, preferably using direct measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Original Article: Taboni A, Barilari C, Vinetti G, Fagoni N, Ferretti G. \"Energy balance analysis suggests that lactate is not a direct cause of the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics.\" European Journal of Applied Physiology (2025) 125: 957-966.","authors":"David C Poole, Glenn A Gaesser","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05950-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05950-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation analysis of metabolic and inflammatory markers in the association between physical activity and musculoskeletal disease: Findings from NHANES 2013-2018.","authors":"Jieping Zhu, Ting Zhu, Kangli Lai, Chengyuan Hu, Zixin Lv, Chunyuan Lai, Zhixiang Xu, Liqiang Su","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05969-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05969-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal disease (MSD), including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia, poses a serious social burden. While physical activity (PA) benefits musculoskeletal health, the optimal PA level for MSD prevention remains unclear. Clarifying risk factors and biological mechanisms is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 9,113 adults aged 20-60 years from NHANES 2013-2018. Blood and urine specimens were used to analyze metabolic and inflammatory markers. PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive models and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the relationships among PA, biomarkers and MSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 9113 participants, 2685 (29.5%) had MSD. PA levels of 600-1200 MET-min/week were associated with the greatest MSD risk reduction (24%; 95% CI 0.62-0.93) compared with inactivity after full adjustment. Participants with MSD showed higher levels of metabolic and inflammatory markers and lower PA levels (P < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglycerides (TG), neutrophils (NEU), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) acted as complementary mediators at the highly active PA level only, with mediation proportions of 12.4%, 7.6%, 6.1%, 6.0%, and 5.7%. While, lymphocytes (LYM) served as an indirect-only mediator across both active and highly active PA levels, accounting for 21.8% of the total effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals aged 20-60 years, 600-1200 MET-min/week most effectively reduces MSD risk, with these associations likely mediated by metabolic and inflammatory markers. This study elucidates underlying biological mechanisms linking PA and MSD, highlighting potential metabolic and inflammatory pathways for prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic cost of external work: a novel CPET parameter optimises characterisation of exercise performance in obese individuals.","authors":"Jennifer J Rayner, Rebecca R Chamley, Robert Barker Davies, Oliver O'Sullivan, Peter Ladlow, Alex N Bennett, Edward D Nicol, Oliver J Rider, David A Holdsworth","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05929-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05929-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Both obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness are crucial determinants of symptoms and prognosis. However, interpreting the gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is complicated by increasing body size and varying body composition. We hypothesised that the 'metabolic cost of external work' (or oxygen uptake (ml/min)/workload (Watts); V̇O₂/W), a body weight-independent determinant of endurance capacity, would reflect metabolic health more accurately than V̇O₂ alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A test cohort of 160 fit individuals underwent anthropomorphic and metabolic assessment, maximal bicycle ergometer CPET, and six-minute walk test (6MWT). V̇O₂/W was calculated at VT1 and peak. The performance of V̇O₂/W was validated in 62 older, less fit individuals, undergoing the same protocol. 24 obese volunteers were assigned a weight loss intervention, and the impact on V̇O₂/W examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both test and validation cohort, V̇O₂/W at VT1 and peak correlated with 6MWT distance, more strongly than standard CPET parameters. Including V̇O₂/W improved the accuracy of predicting 6MWT distance. V̇O₂/W correlated with BMI, insulin sensitivity and waist-to-hip ratio. Metabolic cost falls with weight loss, in parallel to metabolic and functional improvements, in contrast to other CPET parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolic cost is strongly associated with functional capacity and metabolic health across a range of body weight and fitness, outperforming standard CPET metrics. It is a simple measure which may improve our assessment of the extent to which exertional symptoms are determined by metabolic factors in an individual, and thereby target the most appropriate intervention to those who will benefit most.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between correlation and clinical utility: defining operational limits of HRV thresholds in chronic heart failure.","authors":"Chao Yang, Nan Xie, Xuanlin Huang, Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05946-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05946-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submaximal low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction produces similar results to low-load exercise to failure for muscle size and strength, but not endurance.","authors":"Ryo Kataoka, William B Hammert, Yujiro Yamada, Robert W Sallberg, Anna Kang, Jun Seob Song, Witalo Kassiano, Emily E Metcalf, Jeremy P Loenneke","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05949-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05949-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effects of submaximal low-load resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle size, strength, cross-education of strength, and muscular endurance with BFR compared to low-load exercise to failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>144 participants were randomly assigned to: (1) submaximal low-load exercise (LL, n = 37), (2) submaximal low-load exercise with BFR (LL + BFR, n = 35), (3) low-load exercise to failure (LL-Failure, n = 36), and (4) non-exercise control (CON, n = 36). Training consisted of 2 sets of 30% 1RM elbow flexion exercise, performed 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Repetitions performed by the submaximal groups were based on the muscular endurance test with BFR during pre-testing (70% of maximal BFR repetitions in week 1 and 95% in week 6).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LL + BFR led to greater increases in muscle thickness (0.14 cm) compared to LL (0.06 cm), and was comparable to LL-Failure (0.17 cm). 1RM strength gains were greater in LL (0.45 kg), LL + BFR (0.54 kg), and LL-Failure (0.34 kg) compared to CON (-0.36 kg), with no differences between training groups. There was no evidence of cross-education of strength. Changes in muscular endurance with BFR were greatest in LL-Failure (16.5 reps), followed by LL + BFR (10.0 reps), LL (4.2 reps), and CON (-0.03 reps).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The effectiveness of BFR during submaximal exercise may depend on the specific adaptation targeted. Submaximal BFR produced muscle growth comparable to failure training. Neither BFR nor proximity to failure was necessary to maximize strength gains. Muscular endurance with BFR increased in all training groups, but improved the most with failure training.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent neural drives and distinct motor unit discharge characteristics in hamstring muscles during isometric knee flexion.","authors":"Chrysostomos Sahinis, Ioannis G Amiridis, Dario Farina, Roger M Enoka, Eleftherios Kellis","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05953-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05953-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our study investigated the discharge characteristics of motor units (MUs) in the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) at three knee-joint angles that varied muscle length.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen males (21.1 ± 2.8 years) performed steady isometric contractions with the knee flexors at four target torques (10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) at each of the three knee-joint angles (0°: long, 45°: intermediate, and 90°: short length). High-density electromyographic signals were recorded and decomposed into MU discharge times. We calculated mean discharge rate (MDR), the coefficient of variation for interspike interval (CoV ISI), and the standard deviation of the filtered cumulative spike train (SD of fCST). In addition, the neural drive within and between muscles was estimated from the cross-correlation of the fCST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of variance indicated that MVC was greatest at the long length and torque steadiness was worst at the intermediate length (p < 0.05). Linear mixed models revealed that BF exhibited greater MDR and variability in neural drive (SD of fCST), whereas the MUs in ST displayed greater discharge rate variability (CoV ISI) (p < 0.05). Cross-correlation of the estimated neural drives to ST and BF was relatively low, suggesting independent neural control of the two muscles. Moreover, the variability in neural drive for ST was more strongly correlated with torque steadiness (CoV torque) than that for BF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that MU discharge characteristics differed for ST and BF across knee-joint angles, with each muscle receiving a distinct neural drive highlighting the importance of muscle-specific training strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintenance of core temperature in SCUBA divers in cold water: contributions of anthropometrics, suit type, and sex.","authors":"Tucker Orman, Karleigh E Bradbury, Tim Grosshennig, Makayla Perez, Fabian N Möller, Željko Dujić, Andrew T Lovering","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05961-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05961-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of core temperature (Tc) is vital for health and physiological function while SCUBA diving in cold water, but there is little research investigating the influence of anthropometrics, suit type, and sex on the rate of change in Tc during real-world diving conditions. We measured the rate of change in Tc (telemetric pill) and thermal sensation (Ts; Young questionnaire) in 62 participants (32 female) before and after non-decompression SCUBA dives using open circuit apparatus breathing air at varied depths and durations in cold water (~ 10 °C). Twenty-three participants wore drysuits (11F), and 39 participants wore wetsuits (21F). There was a significant effect of suit type on the rate of change in Tc, with those in wetsuits having a greater decrease in Tc than those in drysuits. However, there was no effect of suit type on the rate of change in Ts. In wetsuit and drysuit groups, there were significant associations between Tc/min and BSA/BM, BMI, and BM. Estimated body fat % (BF%) was significantly associated with the rate of change in Tc in the wetsuit group only. When separated by sex, there were significant associations with all the anthropometric variables and the rate of change in Tc in the female participants, but only with BM in the wetsuit males. These results suggest that drysuits offer greater thermal protection compared to wetsuits in 10 °C water, and anthropometrics should be considered when selecting the degree of thermal protection, especially for female divers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of gender and training experience with post-occlusive hyperemia: experimental comparative study.","authors":"Robert Trybulski, Jarosław Muracki, Michał Wilk, Gabriel Stanica Lupu, Krzysztof Fostiak, Arkadiusz Stanula","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05952-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05952-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aim was to investigate relationship of gender and training experience with post-occlusive hyperemia (PORH) and answer how differences between men and women and their training status led to differences in vascular responses after occlusions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective experimental study included 80 healthy volunteers divided into four groups of 20: trained men, trained women, non-training women, and non-training men. The occlusion intervention on the dominant thigh was performed. The laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess post-occlusion responses by measuring: arterial occlusion pressure-AOPmin[mmHg], total arterial occlusion pressure-AOP100%[mmHg], resting flow-RF[PU], time to peak-TP[s], recovery time-TR[min], and biological zero-BZ[PU].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men recovered faster than women in trained and untrained groups and showed higher AOPmin, and AOP100% compared to women in both trained and untrained groups. Women had higher RF comparing to men in both trained and untrained groups, and higher BZ but only in the untrained group. Trained people had higher RF, AOPmin and recovered faster to baseline, but had lower TP than non-trained. Trained men had higher AOP100% than untrained men; in women, it was non-significant. There were no significant differences between genders in TP in both trained and untrained subgroups, and in BZ in trained subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are significant differences between trained and untrained men and women in microcirculatory parameters after occlusion intervention. Between gender differences were noted only in some parameters which underscores the need of further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of exercise training on cardiovascular responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.","authors":"Juliana Pereira Borges, Gabriel da Silva Gama, Vanessa Cunha de Oliveira Coelho, Caio Luan Farias, Marcus V Dos Santos Rangel","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05781-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05781-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate cardiovascular responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and assess the effects of exercise training on these responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cardiovascular responses of 11 post-CABG patients (60 ± 8 years) and 9 controls (CTL, 54 ± 6 years) were compared at rest, during a cold pressor test (CPT), and muscle metaboreflex activation using a post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA) protocol. After baseline comparisons, the post-CABG group underwent 12 weeks of exercise training and was reevaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During CPT, the post-CABG group exhibited greater increases in mean arterial pressure [MAP] (38.0 ± 9.0 vs. 18.7 ± 16.8 mmHg; P < 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance [SVR] (1053.0 ± 600.5 vs. 499.8 ± 481.0 mmHg.s/mL; P = 0.04) than CTL group. Muscle metaboreflex activation induced greater increases from rest in post-CABG than CTL for systolic blood pressure [SBP] (27.5 ± 17.3 vs. 14.2 ± 4.5 mmHg; P = 0.04), diastolic blood pressure [DBP] (10.1 ± 6.5 vs. 4.2 ± 1.8 mmHg; P = 0.02), MAP (27.5 ± 17.3 vs. 14.2 ± 4.5 mmHg; P = 0.04), SVR (149.7 ± 86.9 vs. 61.0 ± 47.4 mmHg.s/mL; P = 0.02), and blood lactate (0.48 ± 0.42 vs. - 0.18 ± 0.40 mmol/L; P < 0.01). After training, the post-CABG group reduced DBP response to CPT by 30% (P = 0.05). In addition, changes from rest induced by muscle metaboreflex in DBP, MAP, and blood lactate decreased by 28% (P = 0.05), 28% (P = 0.04), and 85% (P = 0.01), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients who underwent CABG exhibit exacerbated pressor responses to muscle metaboreflex activation, driven by increased SVR and blood lactate levels. This response potentially involves dysregulation in the brain stem or the efferent pathway of the muscle metaboreflex. Exercise training effectively attenuated these responses, highlighting its beneficial impact in CAD management.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered on 01/12/2023 at EnsaiosClinicos.gov.br (RBR- 497 mxmm).</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2487-2501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}