European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"A dive into the physiological responses to maximal apneas, O₂ and CO₂ tables in apnea novices.","authors":"Louise Declercq, Janne Bouten, Matthew Van Dyck, Jan Boone, Wim Derave, Bjorn Heyse, Jan G Bourgois","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05563-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05563-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Apnea duration is dependent on three factors: oxygen storage, oxygen consumption, hypoxia and hypercapnia tolerance. While current literature focuses on maximal apneas to improve apnea duration, apnea trained individuals use timed-repeated submaximal apneas, called \"O₂ and CO₂ tables\". These tables claim to accommodate the body to cope with hypoxia and hypercapnia, respectively. The aim of this study was twofold. First, to investigate the determinants of maximal apnea duration in apnea novices. Second, to compare physiologic responses to maximal apneas, O₂ and CO₂ tables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After medical screening, lung function test and hemoglobin mass measurement, twenty-eight apnea novices performed three apnea protocols in random order: maximal apneas, O₂ table and CO₂ table. During apnea, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), muscle (mTOI) and cerebral (cTOI) tissue oxygenation index were measured continuously. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂) was measured before and after apneas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Larger lung volumes, higher resting cTOI and lower resting EtCO₂ levels correlated with longer apnea durations. Maximal apneas induced greater decreases in SpO₂ (- 16%) and cTOI (- 13%) than O₂ (- 8%; - 8%) and CO₂ tables (- 6%; - 6%), whereas changes in EtCO₂, HR and mTOI did not differ between protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that, in apnea novices, O₂ and CO₂ tables did not induce a more profound hypoxia and hypercapnia, but a similar reduction in oxygen consumption than maximal apneas. Therefore, apnea novices should mainly focus on maximal apneas to improve hypoxia and hypercapnia tolerance. The use of specific lung training protocols can help to increase oxygen storage capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of voluntary exercise and electrical muscle stimulation on reaction time in the Go/No-Go task.","authors":"Mizuki Sudo, Daisuke Kitajima, Yoko Takagi, Kodai Mochizuki, Mami Fujibayashi, Joseph T Costello, Soichi Ando","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05562-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05562-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute exercise improves cognitive performance. However, it remains unclear what triggers cognitive improvement. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) facilitates the examination of physiological changes derived from peripheral muscle contraction during exercise. Thus, we compared the effects of EMS and voluntary exercise at low- or moderate-intensity on reaction time (RT) in a cognitive task to understand the contribution of central and peripheral physiological factors to RT improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four young, healthy male participants performed a Go/No-Go task before and after EMS/exercise. In the EMS condition, EMS was applied to the lower limb muscles. In the low-intensity exercise condition, the participants cycled an ergometer while maintaining their heart rate (HR) at the similar level during EMS. In the moderate-intensity exercise condition, exercise intensity corresponded to ratings of perceived exertion of 13/20. The natural log-transformed root mean square of successive differences between adjacent inter-beat (R-R) intervals (LnRMSSD), which predominantly reflects parasympathetic HR modulation, was calculated before and during EMS/exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT improved following moderate-intensity exercise (p = 0.002, Cohen' d = 0.694), but not following EMS (p = 0.107, Cohen' d = 0.342) and low-intensity exercise (p = 0.076, Cohen' d = 0.380). Repeated measures correlation analysis revealed that RT was correlated with LnRMSSD (Rrm(23) = 0.599, p = 0.002) in the moderate-intensity exercise condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the amount of central neural activity and exercise pressor reflex may be crucial for RT improvement. RT improvement following moderate-intensity exercise may, at least partly, be associated with enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor function and gait decline in individuals with cerebral palsy during adulthood: a narrative review of potential physiological determinants.","authors":"Anders Gravholt, Bruno Fernandez, Hugo Bessaguet, Guillaume Y Millet, Annemieke I Buizer, Thomas Lapole","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05550-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05550-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood-onset disability. The evolution of gait according to severity is well known amongst children and thought to peak between 8 and 12 years of age among those walking without assistive devices. However, among adults, clinical experience as well as scientific studies report, through clinical assessments, questionnaires and interviews, increasing walking difficulties leading to an increased dependency of assistive devices in everyday ambulation. For many individuals with CP, this change will occur around 30-40 years, with the risk of losing mobility increasing with age. This narrative review aims to first provide objective evidence of motor function and gait decline in adults with CP when ageing, and then to offer mechanistic hypotheses to explain those alterations. Many studies have compared individuals with CP to the typically developing population, yet the evolution with ageing has largely been understudied. Comorbid diagnoses comprise one of the potential determinants of motor function and gait decline with ageing in people with CP, with the first manifestations happening at an early age and worsening with ageing. Similarly, ageing appears to cause alterations to the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems at an earlier age than their typically developing (TD) peers. Future studies should, however, try to better understand how the physiological particularities of CP change with ageing that could pave the way for better strategies for maintaining function and quality of life in people with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to letter to the editor on \"cold water immersion therapy: unraveling the benefits and risks with evidence\".","authors":"Natanael P Batista, Carlos M Pastre","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05559-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05559-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring system applied before, during, and after an intense leg-squat session with low- and high-carbohydrate availability in young adults without diabetes.","authors":"Manuel Matzka, Niels Ørtenblad, Mascha Lenk, Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05557-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05557-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim was to assess the accuracy of a continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) device (Abbott FreeStyle Libre 3) against capillary blood glucose measurement (BGM) before, during, and after an intense lower body strength training session in connection with high- versus low-carbohydrate breakfasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine adults (22 ± 2 years) completed a strength training session (10 × 10 at 60% 1RM) twice after high-carbohydrate and twice after low-carbohydrate breakfasts. CGM accuracy versus BGM was assessed across four phases: post-breakfast, pre-exercise, exercise, and post-exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall fed state mean BGM levels were 84.4 ± 20.6 mg/dL. Group-level Bland-Altman analysis showed acceptable agreement between CGM and BGM across all phases, with mean biases between - 7.95 and - 17.83 mg/dL; the largest discrepancy was in the post-exercise phase. Mean absolute relative difference was significantly higher post-exercise compared to pre-exercise and exercise phases, for overall data and after the high-carbohydrate breakfast (all p ≤ 0.02). Clark Error Grid analysis showed 50.5-64.3% in Zone A and 31.7-44.6% in Zone B, with an increase in treatment errors during and after exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this group of healthy participants undergoing strength training, CGM showed satisfactory accuracy in glucose monitoring but varied substantially between individuals compared to BGM and fails in meeting clinical criteria for diabetic monitoring. CGM could aid non-diabetic athletes by tracking glucose fluctuations due to diet and exercise. Although utilization of CGM shows potential in gathering, analyzing, and interpreting interstitial glucose for improving performance, the application in sports nutrition is not yet validated, and challenges in data interpretation could limit its adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding a sustained attention task to a physically demanding cycling exercise exacerbates neuromuscular fatigue and impairs cognitive performance in both normoxia and hypoxia.","authors":"T Goepp, M Hayes, H Di Domenico, P Hot, T Rupp","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05555-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05555-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Both cognitive motor dual-tasks (CMDT) protocols and hypoxic environments have been associated with significant impairments in cognitive and physical performance. We aimed to determine the effects of hypoxia on cognitive performance and neuromuscular fatigue during a highly physically demanding CMDT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen young adults completed a first session involving a cognitive task (CTL_COG) followed by cycling exercise (CTL_EX) in normoxia. After that, they randomly participated in CMDT sessions in normoxia (DT_NOR) and hypoxia (DT_HYP). The physical exercise consisted of 20 min cycling at a \"hard\" perceived effort, and the cognitive task consisted of 15 min sustained attention to response time task (SART). Concurrent psycho-physiological measurements included: quadriceps neuromuscular fatigue (peripheral/central components from femoral nerve electrostimulation), prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, and perception of effort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SART performance significantly decreased in DT_NOR (-15.7 ± 15.6%, P < 0.01) and DT_HYP (-26.2 ± 16.0%, P < 0.01) compared to CTL_COG (-1.0 ± 17.7%, P = 0.61). Peripheral fatigue similarly increased across conditions, whereas the ability of the central nervous system to activate the working muscles was impaired similarly in DT_NOR (-6.1 ± 5.9%, P < 0.001) and DT_HYP (-5.4 ± 7.3%, P < 0.001) compared to CTL_EX (-1.1 ± 0.2%, P = 0.52). Exercise-induced perception of effort was higher in DT_HYP vs. DT_NOR and in DT_NOR vs. CTL_EX. This was correlated with cognitive impairments in both normoxia and hypoxia. PFC deoxygenation was more pronounced in DT_HYP compared to DT_NOR and CTL_EX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, performing a sustained attention task together with physically challenging cycling exercise promotes central neuromuscular fatigue and impairs cognitive accuracy; the latter is particularly noticeable when the CMDT is performed in hypoxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The highest work rate associated with a predominantly aerobic contribution coincides with the highest work rate at which VO_2max can be attained.","authors":"Arda Peker, Hakan As, Erkutay Kaya, Gorkem Aybars Balci, Ozgur Ozkaya","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05533-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05533-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the highest power output at which predominant energy contribution is derived from the aerobic system (aerobic limit power: ALP) and to compare ALP with the upper boundary of the severe intensity exercise domain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen male individuals participated in this study. The upper boundary was estimated using i) linear relationship between time to achieve <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max and time to task failure (P_UPPERBOUND), ii) hyperbolic relationships between time to achieve <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max vs. power output, and time to task failure vs. power output (P_UPPERBOUND´), and iii) precalculated <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max demand (I_HIGH). ALP was estimated by aerobic, lactic, and phospholytic energy contributions using <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ response, blood [lactate] response, and fast component of recovery <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ kinetics, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ALP was determined as the highest power output providing predominant aerobic contribution; however, anaerobic pathways became the predominant energy source when ALP was exceeded by 5% (ALP + 5%) (from 46 to 52%; p = 0.003; ES:0.69). The <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ during exercise at ALP was not statistically different from <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max (p > 0.05), but <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2max could not be attained at ALP + 5% (p < 0.01; ES:0.63). ALP was similar to P_UPPERBOUND and P_UPPERBOUND´ (383 vs. 379 and 384 W; p > 0.05). There was a close agreement between ALP and P_UPPERBOUND (r: 0.99; Bias: - 3 W; SEE: 6 W; TE: 8 W; LoA: - 17 to 10 W) and P_UPPERBOUND´ (r: 0.98; Bias: 1 W; SEE: 8 W; TE: 8 W; LoA: - 15 to 17 W). ALP, P_UPPERBOUND, and P_UPPERBOUND´ were greater than I_HIGH (339 ± 53 W; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ALP may provide a new perspective to intensity domain framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute inorganic nitrate ingestion does not impact oral microbial composition, cognitive function, or high-intensity exercise performance in female team-sport athletes.","authors":"Rachel Tan, Courtney Merrill, Chandler F Riley, Maya A Hammer, Ryan T Kenney, Alyssa A Riley, Jeffrey Li, Alexandra C Zink, Sean T Karl, Katherine M Price, Luka K Sharabidze, Samantha N Rowland, Stephen J Bailey, Leah T Stiemsma, Adam Pennell","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05552-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05552-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute nitrate (NO₃^-)-rich beetroot juice ingestion on explosive and high-intensity exercise performance, oral microbiota composition, and cognitive flexibility (i.e., function), before and after maximal intermittent running exercise. Fifteen women team-sport athletes were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to consume concentrated NO₃^--depleted beetroot juice (PL; 0.1 mmol NO₃^-) and NO₃^--rich beetroot juice (BR; 12.0 mmol NO₃^-) 2.5 h prior to performing a battery of exercise performance tasks and cognitive testing before and after the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) running test. Resting plasma [NO₃^-] and plasma nitrite ([NO₂^-]) were elevated following BR (P < 0.001). BR did not impact global composition or relative abundance of taxa in the oral microbiome (P > 0.05) or cognitive flexibility before or after exercise (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in performance during 20-m (PRE, PL: 4.38 ± 0.27 vs. BR: 4.38 ± 0.32 s; POST, PL: 4.45 ± 0.29 vs. BR: 4.43 ± 0.35 s) and 10-m sprints (PRE, PL 2.78 ± 0.15 vs. BR 2.79 ± 0.18 s; POST, PL: 2.82 ± 0.16 vs. BR: 2.81 ± 0.19 s), isokinetic handgrip dynamometry, medicine ball throw, horizontal countermovement jump, or YYIR1 (PL: 355 ± 163 m vs. BR: 368 ± 184 m) between BR and PL (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that acute dietary NO₃^- may not influence the oral microbiome, explosive and high-intensity exercise performance, or cognitive function in women team-sport athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of sustained mild dehydration on thermoregulatory and cognitive functions during prolonged moderate exercise.","authors":"Hironori Watanabe, Yuma Kadokura, Taisuke Sugi, Kiyoshi Saito, Kei Nagashima","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05548-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05548-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study investigated whether sustained mild dehydration affects thermoregulatory function and cognitive performance during prolonged exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve young adults performed a test consisting of three sets of 20-min exercise with 2-min intervals under euhydrated (control, CON) and mildly dehydrated conditions (MDEH) at an ambient temperature of 30 °C and 60% relative humidity. MDEH was established by restricting water intake for 24 h, resulting in urine specific gravity of ≥ 1.020. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), skin blood flow (SkBF), sweat rate (SR) on the chest and forearm, and ear canal and mean skin surface temperatures (T_ear and mean T_skin, respectively) were continuously recorded. For each exercise set, thermal and humid sensations and thermal discomfort were assessed using visual analog scales (VAS), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was estimated. Cognitive performance on the Go/No-Go (easy) and incongruent Stroop (difficult) tasks was assessed before and after the test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were observed in HR, MAP, SkBF, SR, T_ear, and mean T_skin between the CON and MDEH. Thermal and humidity sensations, thermal discomfort, and RPE were higher in MDEH than in CON. Moreover, response time to the Stroop task was prolonged in MDEH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that sustained mild dehydration does not affect autonomic thermoregulation during exercise. Augmented thermal perception and perceived exertion, which are necessary for behavioral thermoregulation, were noted; however, cognitive function may be attenuated under MDEH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative effects of resistance training and endurance training on mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle.","authors":"Yong-Cai Zhao, Bing-Hong Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05549-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05549-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance training activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of hypertrophy for strength gain, while endurance training increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis benefiting oxidative phosphorylation. The conventional view suggests that resistance training-induced hypertrophy signaling interferes with endurance training-induced mitochondrial remodeling. However, this idea has been challenged because acute leg press and knee extension in humans enhance both muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial remodeling signals. Thus, we first examined the muscle mitochondrial remodeling and hypertrophy signals with endurance training and resistance training, respectively. In addition, we discussed the influence of resistance training on muscle mitochondria, demonstrating that the PGC-1α-mediated muscle mitochondrial adaptation and hypertrophy occur simultaneously. The second aim was to discuss the integrative effects of concurrent training, which consists of endurance and resistance training sessions on mitochondrial remodeling. The study found that the resistance training component does not reduce muscle mitochondrial remodeling signals in concurrent training. On the contrary, concurrent training has the potential to amplify skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis compared to a single exercise model. Concurrent training involving differential sequences of resistance and endurance training may result in varied mitochondrial biogenesis signals, which should be linked to the pre-activation of mTOR or PGC-1α signaling. Our review proposed a mechanism for mTOR signaling that promotes PGC-1α signaling through unidentified pathways. This mechanism may be account for the superior muscle mitochondrial remodeling change following the concurrent training. Our review suggested an interaction between resistance training and endurance training in skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}