European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"New insights into the integrative effects of resistance training at moderate altitude on systemic inflammation.","authors":"S Pérez-Regalado, J Leon, P Padial, C Benavente, F Almeida, J Bonitch-Gongora, B Feriche","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05842-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05842-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effect of intermittent terrestrial hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure on stress and inflammatory biomarkers following a resistance training (R_T) program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty trained males completed an 8-week R_T program (3 sessions/week) under HH (2320 m asl) or normoxia (N, 690 m asl). Before and after the R_T, circulating stress biomarkers (calcium, inorganic phosphate, creatine kinase [CK], total antioxidant capacity [TAC]), inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), interleukin 10 (IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were analyzed by immunology multiplex assay and ELISA. Moreover, maximal strength to back squat (1RM-SQ) and squat jump (SJ) performance were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that, compared with N, the HH group exhibited a large increase in 1RM-SQ and SJ (all ES > 0.99; p < 0.041) outcomes. IL-10 and TNF-α levels increased in HH more and faster than N (all ES > 1.35; p < 0.003), returning to baseline following the R_T. Circulating HSP70 revealed a similar trend, although remaining elevated in HH after the program (all ES > 1.106; p < 0.029). HSP70 in HH explained ~ 44% of TNF-α variance (p < 0.001). In addition, the R_T program in HH induced greater decreases in TAC and CK than N (all ES < - 0.95; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the potential role of moderate altitude in long-term R_T for inducing greater stress while maintaining the inflammatory balance, crucial for muscle adaptations in young males. Consequently, HH condition revealed an additional benefit in the contractile and explosive muscle strength development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute caffeine intake improves muscular strength, power, and endurance performance, reversing the time-of-day effect regardless of muscle activation level in resistance-trained males: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Juan Jesús Montalvo-Alonso, Marta Del Val-Manzano, Ester Cerezo-Telléz, Carmen Ferragut, David Valadés, Javier Rodríguez-Falces, Alberto Pérez-López","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05820-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05820-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined the effects of acute caffeine intake on muscular electrical activity during strength, power, and endurance performance tests at different times of day in bench press and back squat exercises.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen resistance-trained men participated in a triple-blind, cross-over, randomized controlled trial with four conditions: (a) morning with caffeine, (b) morning with placebo, (c) evening with caffeine, and (d) evening with placebo. Trials were conducted at 9:00 AM and 6:00 PM, with participants consuming caffeine or placebo (3 mg/kg) 60 min prior. Muscular strength/power was tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% one-repetition maximum (1RM) for bench press and back squat, while muscular endurance was assessed at 65% 1RM through a set-to-failure. Surface electromyography (EMG) measured muscle electrical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In muscular strength/power tests, caffeine increased mean velocity (V_mean) and power output (W_mean) in the back squat at 75% (P = 0.012-0.001, g = 3.84-2.71) and 90%1RM (P = 0.043-0.009, g = 2.77-2.46) in both morning and evening trials. At 25%1RM, caffeine counteracts morning performance decline in bench press (10-11%, P = 0.001, g = 2.62-1.68) and back squat (8-11%, P = 0.010-0.003, g = 2.22-1.64). In muscular endurance tests, caffeine increased V_mean and W_mean in bench press in the morning (11-12%, P = 0.003-0.005, g = 2.55-1.89) and back squat in both morning and evening trials (6-9%, P = 0.001-0.027, g = 2.79-1.73). EMG activity remained unchanged in all conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute caffeine intake enhances muscular strength/power at moderate-to-high loads (75%- 90%1RM) and endurance performance (65%1RM) in the back squat while counteracting morning declines at light-load (25%1RM) for both exercises without altering muscle electrical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical power and critical oxygenation: examining transferability between normoxia and hypoxia.","authors":"Tomasz Kowalski, Kinga Rębiś, Adrian Wilk, Piotr Szwed, Andrzej Klusiewicz, Tadej Debevec, Raphael Faiss","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05825-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05825-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to investigate if critical oxygenation (COx) is a robust marker of exercise intensity, and if it remains stable in normoxia and hypoxia with simultaneous changes in critical power (CP) and heart rate (HR).Thirty-three highly trained endurance athletes (11 females) underwent two 3-min CP cycling tests in normoxia (87 m ASL, F_iO₂ = 20.8%) and normobaric hypoxia (3200 m ASL, F_iO₂ = 14.2%). Repeated measures ANOVA with partial eta (ηp2) and omega squared (ω²) effect sizes was employed to compare systemic (SpO₂) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) at rest and COx, HR, and CP during exercise between normoxia and hypoxia with biological sex as an independent variable. Bayesian T-tests were conducted as the confirmatory analysis. Significant differences between normoxia and hypoxia for SpO₂ and SmO₂ were observed at rest in both sexes. During exercise, COx in the triceps brachii, CP and various HR indices exhibited significant differences (p < 0.001), whereas differences were not significant in the vastus lateralis (p = 0.355). The Bayesian analysis supported these findings. The decrease in COx in the triceps brachii in hypoxia was larger in females than in males (30 vs. 21% drop respectively, p = 0.019). However, no environment×sex interaction was found for CP, HR, and COx in vastus lateralis. COx in locomotor muscles remains stable across the tested ambient oxygen concentrations, whereas CP and HR exhibit significant differences between normoxia and hypoxia. Accordingly, COx_VL may be useful in optimizing training load and cycling performance under different oxygen availability conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervised high-intensity interval training reduces the negative effect of chemotherapy on cardiorespiratory fitness in young breast cancer women: a randomised controlled study.","authors":"Magdalena Dudek, Maciej Górecki, Sławomir Marszałek, Joanna Kufel-Grabowska, Maria Litwiniuk, Alicja Nowak, Agnieszka Bartczak-Rutkowska, Janusz Doś, Andrzej Marszałek, Piotr Nowaczyk, Marta Lembryk, Igor Piotrowski, Monika Anna Rosochowicz, Wiktoria Suchorska, Maciej Lesiak, Ewa Straburzyńska-Migaj","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05822-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05822-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Younger women are diagnosed more often with aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes, the treatment of which usually incorporates chemotherapy. Physical training plays a significant role in mitigating the adverse effects of systemic cancer therapy, improving quality of life, and potentially enhancing treatment efficacy. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) emerged as a promising intervention to counteract the fatigue induced by chemotherapy, which in younger women often causes depression and disruption of employment. This study aimed to investigate whether supervised HIIT employed concurrently with chemotherapy impacts the cardiorespiratory fitness of young BC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six young (18-40 years old) BC patients scheduled for chemotherapy were randomised to intervention comprising supervised HIIT employed concurrently with chemotherapy or no supervised training (control) for 6 months. Outcomes measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and non-invasive cardiac output testing were cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac output.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to control, employment of HIIT mitigated the decrease in relative peakVO₂ from 33.630 to 29.540 ml/kg/min for HIIT group and from 29.679 to 22.571 ml/kg/min for control group (ANCOVA p = 0.018, ES = 0.469), and also a mitigated the decrease in exercise time from 685.600 to 666.500 s for HIIT group and from 703.357 to 555.500 s for control group (ANCOVA p = 0.008, ES = 0.815) measured during CPET.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supervised HIIT implemented alongside chemotherapy can mitigate the decline in cardiorespiratory fitness caused by BC chemotherapy in young patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry (#NCT06190600) on 2024-01-05, retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The independent effects of age and sex in performance fatigability profile after a ramp incremental cycling test.","authors":"Rafael A Azevedo, Guillaume Y Millet, Juan M Murias","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05823-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05823-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effects of age and sex in performance fatigability profile after a ramp incremental (RI) test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Older females (n = 13; 66 ± 5 yrs) and males (n = 13; 68 ± 4 yrs), and young females (n = 11; 25 ± 5 yrs) and males (n = 12; 25 ± 4 yrs) performed a RI test immediately preceded and followed by performance fatigability assessments that included: knee-extension isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC) and femoral nerve electrical stimuli during and after the IMVC to calculate voluntary activation (VA) and contractile function (e.g., potentiated doublets at 10 and 100 Hz, and single twitches). Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O₂max) and peak power output (POpeak) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young females and males showed greater V̇O₂max and POpeak compared to older counterparts (all p < 0.05). The IMVC declined more in young (females:  -27 ± 14%; males:  -44 ± 7%) than older (females:  -23 ± 9%; males:  -26 ± 9%) (p < 0.01), and in males compared to females (p < 0.01). Single twitch declined more in young (females:  -43 ± 15%; males:  -54 ± 15%) than older participants (females:  -33 ± 10%; males:  -27 ± 18%) (p = 0.01), without sex differences (p = 0.59). Similar responses were observed for 100 Hz and 10 Hz stimulus for age and sex (all p > 0.05). Voluntary activation was not different (p = 0.11) between young (females:  -5 ± 5%; males:  -8 ± 6%) and older (females:  -7 ± 6%; males:  -12 ± 6%), but declined less in females than males (p = 0.03). There was no age × sex interaction for any performance fatigability outcome (all p ≥ 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contractile function was more impaired in young than older participants, whereas males showed greater decline in VA than females. There was no combined effect of age and sex in performance fatigability responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status and its determinants in German elite athletes.","authors":"Sebastian Hacker, Claudia Lenz, Lukas Reichert, Robert Ringseis, Karen Zentgraf, Karsten Krüger","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05699-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05699-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated elite German athletes to (1) assess their serum 25(OH)D levels and the prevalence of insufficiency, (2) identify key factors influencing serum 25(OH)D levels, and (3) analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and handgrip strength.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a total of 474 athletes (231 female), aged 13-39 years (mean 19.3 years), from ten Olympic disciplines were included. Serum 25(OH)D levels were analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D metabolism were determined using leukocyte DNA. Grip strength was measured unimanually using a hand-held dynamometer. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the influence of SNPs, age, sex, season (summer vs. winter), and discipline (indoor vs. outdoor) on 25(OH)D status. Linear regression analyzed the relationship between handgrip strength and serum 25(OH)D levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 55.5% (n = 263) of athletes demonstrated insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (< 30 ng/mL, < 75 nmol/L), with 16% (n = 76) showing levels below 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). After correction for multiple testing, significant influences on 25(OH)D levels were observed for the C allele of VDBP rs7041 (AC Genotype: <math><mover><mi>β</mi> <mo>^</mo></mover> </math>  = 7.46, p < .001; CC Genotype: <math><mover><mi>β</mi> <mo>^</mo></mover> </math>  = 6.23, p = .001). Age (all p < .01) and discipline (indoor vs. outdoor; all p < .05) also influenced serum 25(OH)D levels. Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with handgrip strength ( <math><mover><mi>β</mi> <mo>^</mo></mover> </math> = 0.01, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high prevalence of insufficient 25(OH)D levels (< 30 ng/mL, < 75 nmol/L) was observed. We identified certain genetic variants as well as age and discipline as predictors of serum 25(OH)D levels. This knowledge may guide individualized diagnostic, nutritional, and supplementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1549-1561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The additive effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and resistance training on muscle mass and strength.","authors":"Gabriel Narvaez, Jehu Apaflo, Amy Wagler, Andrew McAinch, Sudip Bajpeyi","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05700-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05700-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare strength and muscle mass development between conventional resistance training (RT) and a combined resistance training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (RT + NMES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches of EBSCO, GoogleScholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate were conducted for studies that met the inclusion criteria of being a randomized controlled trial comparing RT in isolation with NMES and RT being done simultaneously. Effect sizes were calculated as the standard mean difference (SMD) and meta-analyses were computed using random effects models. Thirteen studies were included in the analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When comparing strength gain, there was a favorable effect towards superimposed training (SMD: 0.31; 95% CI 0.13-0.49; p = 0.02; I² = 73.05%) with similar results seen for muscle mass (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI 0.04-0.49; p = 0.02; I² = 21.45%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of NMES during RT results in greater gains in strength and muscle mass compared to RT performed in isolation. Incorporation of NMES into RT protocols may represent a more effective strategy to improve muscle strength and muscle mass. Future studies should explore whether use of NMES concurrently with RT may have additive effects on metabolic and/or cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1687-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of β-blockade on measures and reproducibility of heart rate, oxygen uptake and work rate across repeated bouts of short-duration, RPE-regulated exercise.","authors":"Braden L Mitchell, Kade Davison, Gaynor Parfitt, Roger G Eston","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05818-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05818-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We examined the effect of β-blockade on measures and reproducibility of heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake ( <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) and work rate (WR) across repeated bouts of short-duration, RPE-regulated exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed an RPE-regulated, interval-based exercise session under control and β-blockade conditions with six 3-min bouts alternating between RPE 13 and RPE 15, separated by 2-min active recovery periods. Participants adjusted treadmill speed/grade to meet the target RPE. Linear mixed effects models assessed the effect β-blockade on exercise responses for each RPE, while intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) evaluated reproducibility across bouts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>β-Blockade significantly reduced HR (- 36.5 beat min^-1, p < 0.001), <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> (- 4.2 mL kg^-1 min^-1, p < 0.001) and work rate (- 0.6 METs, p = 0.022) during exercise. Differences between conditions remained significant for %HR_peak (p < 0.001) but not % <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_2peak or %WR_peak (p > 0.05). Exercise responses were consistently higher at RPE 15 than RPE 13 (all p < 0.001). A significant interaction showed greater HR reduction at RPE 15 (45.5 beat min^-1) than RPE 13 (40.0 beat min^-1) under β-blockade (p = 0.041). ICC values indicated good to excellent reproducibility across bouts, with no significant difference between conditions. Variability across bouts was low (mean CV = 2-8%) and unaffected by β-blockade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that despite significant reductions in absolute responses, β-blockade does not affect relative measures of <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ or work rate. RPE-regulated exercise may facilitate highly reproducible exercise intensities, making it particularly valuable for populations where β-blocker use is prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb-specific blood flow regulation during cycling exercise in traumatic single lower limb amputees.","authors":"Anna Pedrinolla, Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra, Camilla Martignon, Valentina Cavedon, Elisa Fioraso, Caterina Biasiolo, Chiara Milanese, Federico Schena","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05715-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05715-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the limb-specific blood flow regulation during dynamic bilateral cycling exercise in individuals with traumatic single lower-limb amputation compared to a control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven individuals with single lower leg amputation (AMP) (37 ± 11 years, 11 ± 8 years since amputation) and 7 age-matched controls (Ctrl) (36 ± 10 years) were tested during three 5 min constant workload exercise at 60W, 100W, and 80% of peak power output (PPO), on a reclined cycling ergometer. In AMP, femoral blood flow (FBF) and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were measured in the amputated leg (AL) and whole leg (WL), while in Ctrl, the same measurements were obtained in the right and left legs. Interlimb balance was measured with a power meter, and bilateral asymmetry index was calculated for FBF and interlimb balance. Oxygen consumption ( <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂), ventilation ( <math> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mi>E</mi></msub> </math> ), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were also quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AMP exhibited lower FBF in AL compared to WL (60W, - 61%; 100W, -69%; 80% PPO, - 64%; p < 0.001). LVC increased as expected in WL but did not increase significantly throughout workloads in AL. Interlimb balance exhibited a much higher contribution of the WL (60W, 76% of the work; 100W, 68%; 80% PPO,65%) than AL (60W, 26%; 100W, 34%; 80% PPO, 35%). No differences were found in FBF (p = 0.187), LVC (p = 0.871), and interlimb balance (p = 0.829) in CTRLs. No difference between AMP and CTRL in <math><mi>V</mi></math> O₂ (p = 0.241), <math> <msub><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mi>E</mi></msub> </math> (p = 0.124), MAP (p = 0.186), HR (p = 0.360), and CO (p = 0.144) at any workload was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with amputation present considerable limb-specific blood flow regulation during bilateral cycling exercise. Understanding the mechanisms for this interlimb difference may provide important information to improve rehabilitation and training in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1641-1652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute effects of continuous and intermittent whole-body passive heating on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in healthy and young males and females.","authors":"Yunuo Su, Adela Martinkova, Emma O'Donnell, Stephen J Bailey, Christof A Leicht","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05718-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05718-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Heat therapy is recognised to promote cardiovascular health, and whilst most recent heat therapy investigations have focussed on continuous heat exposure, traditional sauna use often includes recovery periods. This study compared the acute effects of continuous versus intermittent whole-body heating on cardiovascular function markers in males and females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy participants (25 ± 3 years; 10 males, 10 females) were exposed to 2 passive heating regimens: continuous heating (CH) for 60 min and intermittent heating (IH) comprised of 3 × 20-min blocks interspersed by 15-min cooling breaks. Skin perfusion, blood pressure (BP), plasma nitrite, interleukins, body temperature, and thermal perceptual responses were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater increases in rectal temperature (T_rec) (CH: 1.2 ± 0.1 °C; IH: 0.5 ± 0.1 °C), skin perfusion, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasma nitrite were found in CH compared to IH (p ≤ 0.01), but the thermal perceptual response was more unfavourable during CH (p < 0.01). Females had higher skin perfusion and plasma nitrite concentrations (p ≤ 0.04), but lower brachial and central BP than males in both conditions (p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, females reached a higher T_rec and more unfavourable thermal perception in CH (p ≤ 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More pronounced cardiovascular responses were associated with higher T_rec and discomfort. Females exhibited higher skin perfusion and plasma nitrite concentrations than males and reported less favourable thermal perception in CH, but not in IH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1591-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}