European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Reply to: matching exposure resolution to physiological resolution in training-adaptation studies.","authors":"Oleksandr Romanchuk, Yaroslav Svyshch, Oksana Guzii","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06438-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06438-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of lower limb muscle activities during eccentric lunge walking in three different step lengths.","authors":"Naduni Wijethunga, Darjan Spudić, Favil Singh, Georgios Mavropalias, Kazunori Nosaka, Naduni Wijethunga","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06449-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06449-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Eccentric lunge walking (ELW), which requires body weight to be supported by the stepping leg for ~ 3 s while its knee is flexed to ~ 90º (eccentric phase), has been shown to improve physical function. However, the influence of step length on lower-limb muscle activities during ELW remains unclear. We hypothesised that a longer-than-normal step length would increase knee and hip extensor muscle activities during the eccentric phase of ELW.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (GM), and gastrocnemius of 15 healthy adults (30-64 y). Participants performed ELW under three step length conditions: normal, 20% (+ 20%), and 40% longer than normal (+ 40%). Absolute root mean square (RMS) and normalized it to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) EMG amplitudes in eccentric, isometric, and concentric phases were compared between the conditions using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak knee flexion angle increased (p < 0.01) progressively from normal (70.3 ± 13.9°) to + 20% (81.1 ± 14.2°) and + 40% step length (85.6 ± 16.7°). However, step length had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on absolute or %MVIC muscle activity during the eccentric or isometric phases. During the concentric phase, VL and GM activities were greater (p < 0.05) in the + 40% (105.6 ± 79.2% and 78.1 ± 61.0%MVIC respectively) than in the normal condition (87.6 ± 67.3% and 53.4 ± 41.0%MVIC respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contrary to hypothesis, longer step lengths did not increase eccentric phase knee and hip extensor activities, but made the returning concentric phase movements more difficult. Thus, a normal step length appears sufficient for ELW.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise modality influences oxygen pulse flattening during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy adults.","authors":"Gur Mainzer, Faris Khourey, Merav Zucker-Toledano, Ronen Bar-Yoseph, Einat Kodesh","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06437-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06437-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare oxygen pulse (O₂P) responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in healthy adults using two ergometers, Treadmill and Cycle ergometer, and to determine the prevalence of O₂P flattening and the modality-specific characteristics of O₂P curve dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four healthy adults (29.4 ± 6.9 years; 35% female) completed two maximal CPETs on both Cycle and Treadmill, in a random order within three weeks. O₂P flattening, defined as the absence of a further increase in O₂P despite increasing workload, was assessed visually and confirmed quantitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve participants (35%) demonstrated O₂P flattening or decline, nine (27%) exclusively during Treadmill testing. A significant group × modality interaction was observed for peak O₂P (p < 0.05), with lower values in participants with flattening than in those showing a continuous rise. (Cycle: 9.9 ± 3.2 vs. 13.6 ± 2.7 ml/min/beat; Treadmill: 11.8 ± 3.7 vs. 16.6 ± 3.7 ml/min/beat). In addition, an O₂P of ≤ 12.8 ml/beat on the Cycle increased the likelihood of flattening during maximal Treadmill exercise by 7.5 times (OR 7.5, p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>O₂P flattening was more frequently observed during treadmill exercise, indicating that O₂P trajectories are exercise modality dependent. In individuals with low peak O₂P during cycle ergometry, additional assessment using treadmill CPET may offer complementary information.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation study on cuffless ambulatory blood pressure monitoring method using bio-impedance, impedance cardiography and electrocardiography.","authors":"Myrte Schoenmakers, Martin Gevonden, Bruno Sauce, Eco de Geus","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06404-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06404-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Continuous, non-invasive blood pressure (BP) monitoring is essential for understanding cardiovascular dynamics in real-world settings. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of a cuffless method for ambulatory BP monitoring using pulse wave travel times derived from bio-impedance, impedance cardiography, and electrocardiography. We examined whether this method can accurately estimate systolic and diastolic BP cross varying conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one young, healthy participants completed a protocol involving postural changes, physical activity, and mental stress tasks. Pulse arrival time (PAT) and pulse transit time (PTT) were extracted, and person-specific models estimated BP using (1) all data of the person ('double-dipping') - used in most previous studies -, (2) half of a person's data (calibration), or (3) person-invariant parameters (calibration-free) which would enhance practical utility. Cuff-based BP served as the reference. Test-retest reliability, and construct and convergent validity were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Test-retest reliability was high for PAT- and PTT-based BP for all approaches (ICC > 0.7), comparable to cuff-based measurements. Construct validity was generally poor: BP changes during physical activity were detected, but responses to mental stressors were not. Only double-dipping showed acceptable convergent validity, likely reflecting overfitting. In the calibration approach, convergence with cuff-based BP was moderate (MAE = 10.1-12.9 mmHg), with 59.2-68.5% of estimates within 10 mmHg of reference values. The strongest deterioration of convergentvalidity occurred with person-invariant models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although cuffless pulse wave travel time-based BP estimators showed strong reliability, validity was insufficient for clinical or stress research use, even with person-specific calibration. Future work should explore extended calibrationperiods before testing in naturalistic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-tissue contributions to passive ankle joint stiffness: implications for sports medicine and orthopedic practice.","authors":"Hiyu Mukai, Jun Umehara, Junya Saeki, Ko Yanase, Zimin Wang, Hiroshige Tateuchi, Noriaki Ichihashi","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06445-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06445-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting pulsatile cerebrovascular hemodynamics in people with Down syndrome.","authors":"Spencer J Skaper, Spencer G Farstad, Nathan G Ellis, Laura Richeson, Sara R Sherman, Trevor A Day, Kurt J Smith","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06441-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06441-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit reduced resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and altered arterial pulsatility. Pulsatility and its transmission from extracranial [internal carotid (ICA), vertebral (VA)] to intracranial [middle (MCA), posterior (PCA)] arteries is characterized utilizing the damping factor index (DFi), with values > 1 suggesting attenuation of pulsatility, and < 1 indicating harmful transmission. To our knowledge, resting cerebral arterial pulsatility in individuals with DS has not been assessed. Therefore, the present study investigated resting attenuation of arterial pulsatility, quantified using the DFi, and CBF in individuals with DS (DS; n = 16, 5 females) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 16, 5 females). Participants were instrumented in a semi-recumbent position for 10 minutes. During this period, heart rate, blood pressure, end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide, and MCA and PCA velocities were continuously measured. Following this, one-minute ICA and VA blood flow measures were performed via vascular duplex ultrasound. Anterior DFi was not different between individuals with DS (1.76 ± 0.55 a.u.) vs. controls (1.93 ± 0.66 a.u.; p = 0.453). Posterior DFi was greater in DS (3.17 ± 0.70 a.u.) vs. controls (2.30 ± 0.59 a.u.; p = 0.001). These data suggest that individuals with DS can attenuate arterial pulsatility under resting conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactate accumulation rate is associated with lactate turnpoints in cyclists and triathletes: a comparison of vLapeak and vLamax_blood.","authors":"Daniel Röhrs, Carl-Maximilian Wagner, Rüdiger Reer, Michael Keiner","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06444-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06444-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined whether peak lactate accumulation rate (vLapeak) was associated with body-mass-normalised power at the first and second lactate turnpoints (LT1_rel and LT2_rel) beyond relative maximal oxygen uptake (relative V̇O_2max) and gross efficiency in cyclists and triathletes. Parallel models using maximal blood lactate accumulation rate (vLamax_blood) assessed whether the findings depended on the calculation approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>182 cyclists and triathletes (107 men, 75 women) completed a 15-s sprint test, an incremental lactate profile, and a ramp test to exhaustion. Hierarchical linear regression models included relative V̇O_2max and gross efficiency before adding either vLapeak or vLamax_blood. Sex and sex × predictor interactions were examined exploratorily.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Models including relative V̇O_2max, gross efficiency, and vLapeak explained 75.3% of the variance in LT1_rel and 80.4% in LT2_rel. Adding vLapeak increased explained variance by 4.9 and 5.0% points, respectively (both p < 0.001). Higher vLapeak was associated with lower LT1_rel (B = - 0.803, 95% confidence interval - 1.070 to - 0.536) and LT2_rel (B = - 0.900, 95% confidence interval - 1.165 to - 0.635), whereas relative V̇O_2max and gross efficiency were positively associated with both outcomes. The vLamax_blood models showed the same direction and significance with similar fit. Sex and sex × predictor interactions did not improve the models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Body-mass-normalised lactate turnpoint power reflects variation in aerobic power and efficiency as well as in the sprint-induced lactate accumulation response. Comparable findings for vLapeak and vLamax_blood indicate that the associations were largely independent of whether the estimated alactic time interval was included in the calculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary nitrate on cardiovascular reactivity in normotensive postmenopausal women.","authors":"Maria Lundebrekke, Kathrine Furnes, Michael Vesterlid, Camilla Hatlevoll Nundal, Haakon Kvidaland, Ann-Katrin Grotle","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06430-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06430-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause is associated with reduced estrogen and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which may contribute to exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses (i.e., reactivity) during exercise in postmenopausal women, partly via increased metaboreflex activation. Beetroot juice (BRJ), a source of inorganic nitrate, increases NO bioavailability and has been shown to lower resting BP; however, its effects on BP reactivity in postmenopausal women are less understood. We investigated whether BRJ alters BP reactivity in 14 healthy estrogen-deficient normotensive postmenopausal women (57 ± 4 years, 8 ± 5 years since menopause). Participants consumed 2 × 70 mL/day (800 mg nitrate) of BRJ or nitrate-depleted BRJ (placebo) for 4 days, separated by a washout period (≥ 7 days). Continuous beat-to-beat mean arterial BP (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG; 30% of maximal voluntary contraction), post-exercise ischemia (PEI) and cold pressor test (CPT). Data is presented as mean ± SD. We found no difference in the peak MAP response to IHG (Δ 16 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.60), PEI (Δ 11 ± 4 vs. 12 ± 7 mmHg, p = 0.32) or CPT (Δ 23 ± 11 vs 23 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0.93) between BRJ intake and placebo. Likewise, no difference was observed for SBP, DBP, or HR responses to either stressor (all: p>0.05). These findings suggest that short-term inorganic nitrate supplementation does not modify cardiovascular reactivity to IHG, PEI or CPT in healthy postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing high-intensity resistance training incorporating periodic eccentric-only exercise with blood flow restriction training in older men: physiological responses and exercise feasibility.","authors":"Wouter A J Vints, Lina Mickevičienė, Orgesa Qipo, Ivan Bautmans, Artūras Sujeta, Dovilė Kielė, Mantas Mickevičius, Sigitas Kamandulis, Vida J Česnaitienė, Oron Levin, Nerijus Masiulis","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06452-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06452-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the feasibility, strength adaptations, and physiological effects of high-intensity resistance training incorporating periodic eccentric-only exercise (HIRT) with blood-flow restriction training (BFRT) in older men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This three-group randomized controlled trial included 63 older men assigned to lower limb HIRT, BFRT, or a non-exercising control group for 12 weeks. BFRT was at 40% one-repetition maximum (1RM) and HIRT altered between eccentric-only exercises at 120% 1RM and traditional resistance exercise at 80% 1RM in a 1:3 ratio. Outcome measures included ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), lactate and creatine kinase (CK) levels, 1RM and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BFRT was associated with higher RPE and more frequent training till failure, as well as greater lactate responses. Eccentric sessions in HIRT resulted in higher DOMS and CK levels. Both interventions significantly improved 1RM compared to controls, with HIRT demonstrating greater strength gains in leg extension and leg press. Adverse events included elevated blood pressure (n=1) and headache (n=2) in BFRT, and knee pain (n=2) in HIRT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both interventions were effective but imposed different physiological demands, with BFRT inducing greater metabolic and HIRT greater mechanical stress. HIRT led to slightly greater strength gains, while BFRT remains a viable alternative for those unable to perform high-load exercise. Incorporating eccentric exercise may further optimize adaptations and manage muscle damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different sodium bicarbonate supplementation strategies on repeated 3-min all-out cycling performance and blood acid-base responses.","authors":"Xiaolin Yang, Qian Yang, Zihong He, Dapeng Bao, Xun Jiang, Lars McNaughton","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06448-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06448-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared four sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation strategies differing in dose and dosing pattern on end-test power (EP), work performed above EP (WEP), and blood acid-base responses during two 3-min all-out cycling tests (3MTs) separated by 70 min.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen trained men completed a randomized crossover study involving four SB conditions: single-dose moderate-SB (SM-SB), multiple-dose moderate-SB (MM-SB), single-dose higher-SB (SH-SB), and multiple-dose higher-SB (MH-SB), and placebo (PLA). The SB conditions comprised 0.3-0.4 g·kg⁻¹ body mass administered as a single or multiple dose. Ninety minutes after supplementation, participants performed two 3MTs separated by 70 min, with blood variables measured before and after each bout and during recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall WEP showed significant main effects of supplementation condition (F = 4.10, ηp² = 0.11, P < 0.05) and time (F = 13.50, ηp² = 0.09, P < 0.05), with no significant condition × time interaction. During 3MT1, WEP was higher with SM-SB and MH-SB than PLA (~ 17.9% and ~ 18.6%, respectively; P < 0.05), with a significant condition main effect. Whereas during 3MT2, WEP was higher with SH-SB than PLA (~ 15.7%, P < 0.05), despite no significant condition main effect. EP showed no supplementation condition × time interaction (F = 0.60, ηp² = 0.02, P > 0.05) or supplementation condition main effect, but differed between 3MT1 and 3MT2 (F = 11.07, ηp² = 0.08, P < 0.05). A significant supplementation condition × time interaction was observed for blood [HCO₃⁻] (P < 0.05). All SB conditions resulted in higher [HCO₃⁻] than PLA before both 3MTs (P < 0.05), with no differences among SB conditions. Lactate also showed a significant supplementation condition × time interaction (F = 1.82, ηp² = 0.08, P < 0.05), with higher concentrations immediately after both 3MTs in all SB conditions than PLA (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SB supplementation increased overall WEP across repeated 3MTs, although the ergogenic effects were more evident during the first bout. Divided ingestion of 0.4 g·kg^- 1 body mass may provide the most favorable balance between ergogenic benefit and gastrointestinal tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149037254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}