European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Time-continuous analysis of muscle and cerebral oxygenation during repeated treadmill sprints under heat stress: a statistical parametric mapping study.","authors":"Hervé Di Domenico, Thomas Rupp, Baptiste Morel, Franck Brocherie, Julien D Périard, Sébastien Racinais, Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05666-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05666-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We examined how heat exposure affects muscle and cerebral oxygenation kinetics using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) during repeated treadmill sprints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven recreationally active males performed three sets of five 5-s sprints with 25 s of recovery and 3 min between sets in hot (38 °C) and temperate (25 °C) conditions. Continuous measurements of muscle (vastus lateralis) and cerebral (prefrontal cortex) tissue oxygenation were obtained using near-infrared spectroscopy. One-way ANOVA SPM{F} statistics were applied to pooled sprint data, with each condition including 15 time-series (three sets of five sprints) combined. Each time-series included the sprint and subsequent recovery phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Muscle tissue saturation index further decreased in hot compared to temperate condition, from the middle of the 5-s sprint phase (~ 2.9 s) until the end of the recovery period (p < 0.001), while total hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the early phase of recovery (from 5.1 to 11.8 s, p = 0.003). Cerebral tissue saturation index decreased from 0.7 s to 13.0 s (p < 0.001) in the heat. Total hemoglobin concentration was lower in hot condition during both the sprint phase and the initial third of the recovery (from 0 to 11.7 s, p < 0.001), as well as during the recovery (from 20.5 to 24.8 s, p = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding heat stress to repeating treadmill sprints further lowered muscle oxygenation levels during both the sprint and recovery phases, and limited cerebral tissue perfusion during the sprint and the initial recovery phases. The use of SPM for continuous analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy data provides new insights beyond summary statistics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1167-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Impact loading exercise induced osteogenesis from childhood to early adulthood in tennis players aged 8-30 years.","authors":"George Vagenas, Dimitria Palaiothodorou","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05741-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05741-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"937-939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a critical rate of torque development?","authors":"Leonardo Henrique Perinotto Abdalla, Camila Coelho Greco, Benedito Sérgio Denadai","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05647-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05647-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that neuromuscular fatigue influences the rate of torque development (RTD) in a similar manner to isometric torque. Nine men participated in this study and performed 5-min all-out isometric tests for knee extensors (KE) and plantar flexors (PF) muscles, to determine the end-test torque (ET) and the critical rate of torque development (critical RTD). Additionally, participants performed submaximal constant-torque tests to task failure for KE and PF muscles. Both maximal voluntary contraction and RTD exhibited hyperbolic behavior and reached an asymptote at the end of the 5-min all out isometric test with similar relative values (KE 29.5 ± 5.6% MVC and PF 50.9 ± 2.9% MVC and KE 25.1 ± 3.6 to 28.5 ± 4.4% RTD and PF 48.4 ± 6.5 to 52.4 ± 5.8% RTD). However, both % MVC and % RTD were statistically different between muscle groups (P < 0.05), even when normalized by muscle volume (P < 0.05). Torque and RTD after the constant-torque test were similar to the values of ET and critical RTD (P > 0.05), respectively. In this study, it was observed that neuromuscular fatigue affects RTD and torque similarly, with the magnitude of this effect varying according to the muscle size.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"941-953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting metabolic rate and energy efficiency in response to an intensive 84-day combat-swimmer training in the German Armed Forces.","authors":"Tony H Richter, Wiebke Braun, Lorenz Scheit, Jan Schröder, Rüdiger Reer, Volker Harth, Katrin Bender, Andreas Koch, Anja Bosy-Westphal, Manfred J Müller","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05659-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05659-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>According to the 'constrained model', there are compensations in resting metabolic rate (RMR) at high levels of physical activity (PA). Here, we have used a standardized combat-swimmer training protocol (CST) to investigate whether changes in RMR (i) confirm the 'constraint model', and (ii) differ between successful participants and dropouts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Controlled 84d CST in 44 male soldiers with 13 finally successful. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance. RMR was assessed by indirect calorimetry, VO_2max, and work efficiency by treadmill spiroergometry. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones, testosterone, and cortisol were analysed by standard laboratory methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CST increased VO_2max (+ 6.9%) and exercise efficiency at low workloads of 10 and 12 km/h (+ 8.7 and + 6.5%; both p < 0.05). As energy balance was moderately negative (-356 ± 383 kcal/d), FFM and FM decreased (-2 and -16%; both p < 0.05). There was a considerable inter-individual variance but no change in in the mean values of RMR and RMR_adjFFM. RMR_adjFFM before CST had a negative association with its decrease with CST (p < 0.005). Concomitantly, plasma hormone levels were unchanged. When compared with dropouts, successful participants had a higher VO_2max at baseline (5.2 ± 0.6 vs. 4.9 ± 04 l/min; p < 0.05) that increased with CST (+ 4.4 vs. -0.4%; p < 0.05) at similar changes in body composition and energy balance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While CST increased VO_2max and exercise efficiency as a compensation, there was an inter-individual variance in exercise-related compensation of RMR with no differences between 'completers' and 'non-completers'. Trial registration DRKS00018850, November 27, 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1101-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-endurance event leads to changes in circulating regulatory T-cells, CD4+ naïve and CD8+ effector memory T-cells in the 48 h post-race recovery period.","authors":"Hannah Lithgow, Laura Gibson, Russell Wilson, Neil Guthrie, Lesley Ingram-Sills, Tom Clifford, Mark Ross","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05677-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05677-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise is known to acutely affect T-lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood, which is intensity- and duration-dependent. However, effects of longer duration endurance exercise (>5 h) on T-cells in the days following are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulating T-cell changes that occur in response to an ultra-endurance event, which may provide insight into the inflammatory response to ultra-endurance exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten individuals (m = 7, f = 3) completing an Ironman 70.3 event volunteered for the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken 1-2 days pre-race (PRE-RACE), and 1 day (RACE + 1) and 2 days (RACE + 2) post-race, with circulating T-cells enumerated by flow cytometry (total CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells [CD4+CD25+CD127-; T_REG], naïve [CD27+CD45RA+; NA], central memory [CD27+CD45RA-; CM], effector memory [CD27-CD45RA-; EM], and effector memory CD45RA+ [CD27-CD45RA+; EMRA]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no changes in total CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. T_REG RACE + 1 was significantly higher compared to PRE-RACE, as were the proportion of CD4+ NA cells and CD8+ CM cells at RACE + 2; CD8+ EM cells fell at RACE + 2 (absolute counts and proportion).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the ultra-endurance event evoked T-cell changes over the 48 h recovery period, with an increase in T-cells that regulate the immune response, and a reduction in circulating EM T-cells, most likely trafficked to sites of tissue damage and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1129-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of functional and systemic markers of muscle damage in response to a flywheel squat protocol.","authors":"Trevor J Dufner, Alexandria D Iacono, Jacob R Wheeler, Natalia B Lanier, Gabrielle Gillespie, Amalia E Proper, Jessica M Moon, Sarah K Fretti, Jeffrey R Stout, Marco Beato, Adam J Wells","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05656-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05656-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the magnitude, timescale, and reliability of changes in functional and systemic outcome markers following moderate (MIR) and high (HIR) isoinertial resistance flywheel squat protocols (FSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four resistance-trained males completed two exercise trials (ET1 & ET2) separated by 32 days. Functional and systemic markers were assessed at pre-exercise (PRE), immediately post-exercise (IP), and 24 (24H), 48 (48H), and 72 (72H) hours post-exercise. Three-way group x trial x time repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to compare all dependent variables between groups (MIR & HIR) and experimental trials across time. Test-retest reliability between trials was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At IP, both groups exhibited significantly decreased active range of motion, perceived recovery status, squat maximal voluntary isometric contraction force, and vertical jump performance, along with significantly increased muscle thickness and echo intensity (ultrasound), muscle soreness, and creatine kinase when compared to PRE. Most outcomes remained perturbed at 24H and 48H, especially in the HIR group. By 72H, only a subset of variables remained significantly changed from PRE. No significant attenuation of outcomes between trials were observed and test-retest reliability between trials was excellent for the FSP and moderate to excellent for most outcomes in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that the FSP is a robust and repeatable exercise stimulus capable of eliciting significant exercise-induced muscle damage and reliable subsequent perturbations to functional and systemic markers of muscle damage. Our findings also support the use of crossover designs in future EIMD research designs with resistance-trained men.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance but not endurance training suppresses glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) expression in human skeletal muscle.","authors":"Sebastian Paul, Lars Donath, Jessica Hoppstädter, Anne Hecksteden","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05644-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05644-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Within human skeletal muscle, statin treatment leads to elevated levels of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Further, GILZ mediates the muscle-related side effects of statins. Physical exercise leads to GILZ suppression, in a mechanosensitive manner. Given that statin treatment is rarely tolerated by habitually exercising individuals due to statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), it appears that the opposing regulation of GILZ facilitates this detrimental interaction of two key measures of cardiovascular prevention, specifically for exercise modalities with high muscle strain. Similarly, opposing regulation of atrophy associated genes (atrogenes) may be a further mechanism. If confirmed, these results might have implications for the exercise prescription of statin-users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository for studies reporting the acute effects of either endurance (END), conventional resistance (RT), or eccentric resistance training (ECC) was conducted. GILZ, as well as the expression of pivotal atrogenes (e.g., muscle atrophy F-box, cathepsin L, etc.) were quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 studies with 204 participants (22 females; 182 males) were included. RT resulted in the highest GILZ suppression, significantly differing from the expressional change after END ( - 0.46 ± 1.11 vs.  - 0.07 ± 1.08), but not from ECC ( - 0.46 ± 1.11 vs. - 0.46 ± 0.95). Similar results were seen for various atrogenes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results strengthen the assumption that mechanical loading can be considered a key mediator of exercise-induced changes in GILZ and atrogene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Is there a critical rate of torque development?","authors":"Leonardo Henrique Perinotto Abdalla, Camila Coelho Greco, Benedito Sérgio Denadai","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05706-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05706-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy balance analysis suggests that lactate is not a direct cause of the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics.","authors":"Anna Taboni, Caterina Barilari, Giovanni Vinetti, Nazzareno Fagoni, Guido Ferretti","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05657-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05657-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The mechanisms of oxygen uptake ( <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) slow component in the severe exercise intensity domain are still a matter of debate. We tested the hypothesis that the rate of blood lactate ([La]) accumulation above maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is a major cause of <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> slow component.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On 13 males exercising on a cycle-ergometer, we measured gas exchanges, heart rate, and [La] during maximal incremental exercise test to determine maximal aerobic power ( <math><mover><mtext>w</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> _max) and at constant power exercise tests at 60%, 65%, 70%, and 80% of <math><mover><mtext>w</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> _max.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximal <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> was 3.19 ± 0.37 l·min^-1, <math><mover><mtext>w</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> _max was 283 ± 28 W. At 60% <math><mover><mtext>w</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> _max all variables attained steady state in all subjects. Power at MLSS was 177 ± 21 W. At 80% <math><mover><mtext>w</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> _max a clear <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> slow component was observed in all subjects, exercise lasted 11.3 ± 3.1 min and [La] was 7.4 ± 2.2 mmol at 5 min and 11.5 ± 3.6 mmol at 10 min. The energy balance computed at 80% <math><mover><mtext>w</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> _max resulted compatible with the principles of the energetics of muscular exercise, if we assume linear [La] increase, and thus constant metabolic power provided by [La] accumulation. Conversely, the metabolic power provided by <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> slow component increases with time. This contrast is incompatible with the tested hypothesis that consequently must be rejected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study excluded [La] accumulation as a main cause of <math> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> slow component.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"957-966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-retest reliability of performance variables during treadmill rollerski skating.","authors":"Thomas Losnegard, Paul André Solberg, Magne Lund-Hansen, Martin Skaugen, Joar Hansen, Knut Skovereng, Øyvind Sandbakk","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05746-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05746-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We examined the test-retest reliability of rollerski testing across a familiarization trial followed by three separate test trials (T1-T3) conducted within a 14-day period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten competitive cross-country skiers performed three sub-maximal tests (5%, speed range 10-16 km h^-1) and a maximal speed test until failure (MTF; ~ 5-8 min, 7%, > 10 km h^-1) on a rollerski treadmill using the Gear 3 ski skating sub-technique. Reliability was assessed as within-subject typical error, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV%, [confidence limits]) intraclass correlation (ICC, [confidence limits]), and changes in mean (%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The speed at MTF demonstrated a mean CV (T1-T3) of 1.5% [1.1, 2.6] and an ICC of 0.96 [0.87, 0.99], but a systematic familiarization bias from T1 to T2 (1.2% [0.1, 2.3]) and T2 to T3 (2.2% [0.1, 4.3]). Peak oxygen uptake exhibited a mean CV of 2.2% [1.6, 3.8] and an ICC of 0.93 [0.78, 0.98], with no systematic changes from T1 to T2 (- 0.2% [- 2.0, 1.6]) and T2 to T3 (1.8% [- 1.1, 4.7]). VO₂ at submaximal load showed a mean CV of 2.1% [1.5, 3.3] and an ICC of 0.94 [0.84,0.99], with no systematic changes from T1 to T2 (- 0.7% [- 2.4, 1.1]) and T2 to T3 (- 0.1% [- 2.4, 2.3]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relatively low CV and high ICC for most measures suggest a high degree of test-retest reliability. However, the systematic mean changes in MTF indicate that familiarization trials are essential to provide valuable information about individual changes. Overall, these reliability measures can be used as a framework by practitioners to discern true changes when testing on a rollerski treadmill.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}