European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"The nuts and bolts of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.","authors":"A F Dulhunty, M G Casarotto","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06413-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06413-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mobility in humans and all animals depends on the co-ordinated progress of essential steps linking electrical action potentials along the surface membrane of muscle fibres to the increased cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentrations that activate the contractile proteins. Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is the transformation of an electrical signal into a massive release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular Ca²⁺ stores. We consider the evolution of our knowledge of the structures and proteins that underlie skeletal muscle EC coupling, unanswered questions and future developments that will reveal the fundamental molecular events of the coupling process. The deeper understanding gained with future developments will reveal the molecular basis of muscle weakness related to mutations in EC coupling proteins or result from fatigue and aging. The benefits will flow on to the rational design of therapies to increase muscle strength in the many situations where muscle weakness is related to changes in EC coupling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular and autonomic recovery after resistance training with and without post-exercise static stretching: a randomized controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Salvatore Frenda, Gianmarco Pinto, Masatoshi Nakamura, Andreas Konrad, Angelo Iovane, Marianna Bellafiore, Antonino Bianco, Ewan Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06411-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06411-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Resistance training (RT) may induce transient changes in endothelial and autonomic patterns. Static stretching (SS) performed at the end of an RT session may alter the temporal course of recovery of these responses. This study investigates whether SS following RT modulates acute endothelial, autonomic, and haemodynamic recovery compared with RT alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven healthy males completed three experimental sessions in a randomized-crossover design: RT, RT + SS, and control condition (CC). RT consisted of two upper-body resistance exercises (bench-press and seated-biceps curl), while RT + SS included the same RT protocol followed by SS of the same muscle groups. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD%), brachial-artery diameter (BA diameter), heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline (BL), immediately after exercise (POST), and 30 min after exercise (POST30).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT produced a significant reduction in FMD% at POST (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.58), which remained below the BL value at POST30 (p = 0.012; d = 0.90); these decreases were not observed in RT + SS. The BA diameter increased following both conditions; however, at POST30 it remained above BL only following RT (p < 0.001; d = 0.60). At POST, both conditions significantly reduced RMSSD and HF, along with an increase in HR. At POST30, however, HF and RMSSD showed an unfavorable recovery in RT alone (p = 0.016; d = 0.72; p = 0.028; d = 0.57), while in RT + SS all values returned to BL. MAP decreased at POST in both conditions and returned to BL at POST30.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of SS at the end of a RT session was associated with earlier autonomic and vascular recovery compared with RT alone. SS may represent a simple and sustainable recovery strategy after RT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of isometric and isotonic contraction on water- and hemoglobin oxygenation-related mri responses in skeletal muscle.","authors":"Shuhei Shibukawa, Yoshinori Hiyama, Hiroki Ikeda, Daisuke Yoshimaru, Naoya Kojima, Moeka Yokoyama, Keisuke Usui","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06423-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06423-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Skeletal muscle responses to exercise depend on contraction mode, which alters the balance between perfusion, oxygenation, and metabolic demand. However, how these physiological responses differ across muscles remains unclear. This study investigated contraction mode-dependent MRI responses in lower-leg muscles using quantitative T2*, T2, and T2' measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen healthy female participants performed isometric and isotonic plantar flexion in a randomized crossover design. MRI measurements were obtained during inter-set rest periods and the post-exercise recovery phase in the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior. Time-course changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and response magnitude was quantified using peak and area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isotonic contraction produced significantly greater T2* responses than isometric contraction, particularly in the medial gastrocnemius (MG), during exercise and early recovery (all false discovery rate-corrected p ≤ 0.027). T2 also showed smaller differences in MG at selected recovery time points, whereas no significant differences were observed in other muscles. Linear mixed-effects models revealed a main effect of contraction mode, and peak and AUC analyses demonstrated that both the magnitude and persistence of responses were greatest in MG. In contrast, T2' did not show contraction mode differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contraction mode influences muscle responses in a muscle-specific manner, with MG showing the greatest sensitivity. The greater sensitivity of T2* may reflect its responsiveness to the combined effects of hemoglobin oxygenation-related susceptibility, microvascular blood volume, and water-related tissue changes. These findings provide insight into muscle-specific MRI responses and may inform the optimization of rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated hemodynamic and autonomic responses following aerobic versus resistance exercise in young Black men.","authors":"Ann Claire E Blalock, Alex T Pierce, Carlos D Miller, Sydney L Bricker, Gregory J Grosicki, Andrew A Flatt","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06419-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06419-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute cardiovascular recovery from exercise remains poorly characterized in young Black men, a population at elevated cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we compared integrated hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic responses following aerobic (AE) versus resistance exercise (RE) in this group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen Black men (18-29 years) completed counterbalanced bouts of AE (30 min cycling, 65% of peak heart rate) and RE (six barbell exercises, 3 × 10 repetitions, 95% of 10-repetition maximum). Supine pulse wave analysis assessed augmentation index normalized to 75 bpm (AIx75), wave-reflection components, subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), and central and brachial blood pressure before and at 5, 15, and 30 min post-exercise. HR and the natural log of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) were derived from electrocardiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exercise duration and mean HR were similar between modes (Ps > 0.05), whereas peak HR was higher during RE (P < 0.01). RE produced larger and more sustained elevations in AIx75 and wave-reflection indices, greater reductions in SEVR and central and brachial diastolic blood pressure, and higher HR with lower LnRMSSD throughout recovery compared with AE (mode × time interactions, all P < 0.001). Mode differences persisted independent of peak HR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In young Black men, RE induces a more pronounced and sustained cardiovascular and autonomic strain during the early post-exercise period than AE, characterized by elevated central afterload, reduced myocardial oxygen supply-demand balance, and delayed parasympathetic reactivation. These findings offer novel mechanistic insight into modality-specific cardiovascular responses in a high-risk population and support consideration of recovery kinetics in exercise programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: An integrated model of rapid torque production: neuromuscular adaptations under fatigue after strength training.","authors":"Leonardo Henrique Perinotto Abdalla, Benedito Sérgio Denadai, Natália de Menezes Bassan, Ryan Michael Broxterman, Camila Coelho Greco","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06353-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-026-06353-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of electrical cutaneous stimulation of the foot sole on voluntary plantarflexion rate of torque development after fatigue in males.","authors":"Laura C Marrelli, Tushar Sharma, Ashley V Vanderhaeghe, Geoffrey A Power, Leah R Bent","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06272-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06272-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fast rate of torque development (RTD) is crucial for all movements, from balance to athletics. Aging and fatigue decrease RTD, increasing fall and injury risk. Thus, finding accessible methods to increase RTD is necessary. Given the neuromechanical coupling that exists between foot-sole skin and lower-limb motor neurons, cutaneous stimulation may impact RTD. This work investigated whether foot-sole cutaneous stimulation could mitigate the fatigue-induced declines in plantarflexion RTD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult males (n = 11, age = 28(7)) participated in three data collection sessions. Voluntary isometric plantarflexion RTD was measured during explosive plantarflexion contractions in a dynamometer. RTD was assessed at rest and post-fatigue, under three conditions: cutaneous electrical stimulation at the heel, metatarsal, or no stimulation. Fatigue was induced with a sustained maximal plantarflexion until torque dropped below 30% of maximum voluntary torque. RTD was calculated in cumulative 25ms epochs from contraction onset to 100ms. Post-fatigue, percent of rested RTD was compared between conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-fatigue RTD decreased across all conditions (p < 0.001) (mean = 31(12%)). No effect of stimulation was found for the change in RTD post-fatigue. (p = 0.174). However, when removing polarity of response by comparing absolute changes in RTD post-fatigue, a main effect of stimulation was found (p = 0.002) (mean difference from control: 14.6% with heel stimulation, and 17.5% with metatarsal stimulation).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although no clear location-dependent increase or decrease emerged, cutaneous stimulation did change fatigued RTD compared to control. Future work should focus on understanding the directional variability of responses across participants to isolate improved RTD as a mechanism to enhance performance and restore mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"4735-4749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 3-min all-out test in cycling: a systematic review and meta-analysis on its reliability and validity.","authors":"Oliver J Quittmann, Moritz A Piehl","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06356-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06356-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 3-min all-out test is considered a time-efficient alternative for estimating critical power (CP) and curvature constant (W'), by means of endtest power (EP) and work done above endtest power (WEP), respectively. This review aims to assess its reliability and validity with respect to methodology. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted on June 20th 2025, using a specified search term in PubMed and Web of Science. Included studies were English-language, peer-reviewed original articles, that provided empirical data on the 3-min all-out test in cycling and used appropriate protocols for assessing reliability/validity. Quality of studies was assessed using a modified critical appraisal tool. Meta-analysis for validity was done using pooled Hedge's g_z with random effects synthesis and 95%prediction intervals. Twenty studies comprising N = 284 participants met all inclusion criteria. Thereof, 15 studies examined validity, 8 reliability and 3 both. Included studies demonstrated methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes (n = 6-21). Test-retest reliability demonstrated 'good' to 'excellent' agreement for EP (ICC = 0.89-0.99) and WEP (ICC = 0.76-0.98). EP systematically overestimates CP (g_z= 0.408 [0.024, 0.792]) while WEP underestimates W' (g_z= -0.389 [-0.954, 0.176]). Whereas the 3-min all-out test provides reliable results for EP and WEP if tests are conducted within three weeks, its validity seems to largely depend on the methodological approach. Certain power profiles and/or isokinetic 3-min tests lead to better estimates of CP, while the variability of WEP does not allow to accurately estimate W'. Familiarisation trials and proper verbal encouragement during the 3-min test are mandatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"4673-4691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet-induced thermogenesis does not differ after ingestion of an isoenergetic meal, whereas early-phase thermogenesis differed between athletes and non-athletes.","authors":"Mika Goshozono, Nozomi Miura, Tatsuya Ishizu, Suguru Torii, Naoyuki Hayashi, Motoko Taguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06305-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06305-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Habitual exercise is considered to be one of the factors that influence diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Still, whether DIT differs between athletes and non-athletes remains unclear due to the effects of test meal's volume and nutritional composition. This study aimed to reveal whether the DIT of athletes differs from that of non-athletes after ingesting an isoenergetic meal with a typical nutritional composition in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six highly trained male athletes and 11 male non-athletes participated in this study. Measurements for determining DIT consisted of measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) and postprandial energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry using the Douglas bag technique. After measuring REE, participants ingested a liquid test meal (600 kcal, 15% energy from protein, 25% energy from fat, and 60% energy from carbohydrates). Postprandial energy expenditure was measured up to 180 min. Thermogenesis at each postprandial time point was calculated by subtracting REE from postprandial energy expenditure. DIT over the 200-min period was determined from the area under the curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed no significant differences in DIT and the percentage of DIT to test meal energy over the 200-min period. The thermogenesis at 20, 40, and 60 min after ingestion of the test meal were 27.5%, 25.8%, and 27.0% greater in athletes than in non-athletes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were no differences in DIT between athletes and non-athletes, but thermogenesis was significantly higher in athletes during the first 60 min of the DIT measurement, indicating differences in digestion, absorption, or storage of nutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"4939-4950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148276586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index has consistent effects on the magnitude of gait variability while its effect on the temporal structure of gait variability is age-dependent.","authors":"Narges Shakerian, Seung Kyeom Kim, Tyler M Wiles, Nick Stergiou, Aaron D Likens","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06307-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06307-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>High body mass leads to changes in gait to accommodate the increased mechanical demands. Thus, previous research has examined how body mass affects gait variability (i.e., stride-to-stride fluctuations). However, these studies have been focused on the magnitude (extent of these fluctuations) of gait variability, while the effects of body mass on the temporal structure (how fluctuations are organized over time) remain unexplored. This study examined how body mass, quantified using body mass index (BMI), affects both magnitude and temporal structure of gait variability in young (24.66 ± 2.79 years), middle-aged (45.77 ± 5.85 years), and older adults (64.70 ± 7.65 years).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed stride interval and stride length of 117 participants in NONAN GaitPrint dataset. Magnitude of gait variability was quantified using standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CoV). Temporal structure was assessed by Hurst exponent (H), which characterizes gait variability correlation over time. Linear mixed models examined the effects of BMI, age, and their interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher BMI significantly predicted greater magnitude of variability for both stride interval and stride length, independent of age. For the temporal structure, a significant interaction of BMI and age was observed for stride length H; higher BMI significantly predicted lower H in older adults (left: β = -0.293, p = 0.002; right: β = -0.231, p = 0.013) but not in young and middle-aged groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest BMI affects the temporal structure of gait variability is age-dependent, which may have implications for gait assessment in ageing populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5073-5080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on skeletal muscle metabolism: a link with muscle complaints.","authors":"Lando Janssen, Charlotte A Hoogstraten, Neeltje A E Allard, Tom J J Schirris, Maria T E Hopman, Nicole M A Blijlevens, Silvie Timmers","doi":"10.1007/s00421-026-06287-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-026-06287-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often report muscle complaints (MC). Strategies to prevent or attenuate these muscle complaints remain enigmatic as the underlying mechanism is unclear, although a central role for mitochondria is proposed. We investigated the effects of TKIs on cellular metabolism in muscle biopsies of CML patients (n = 20), compared with healthy controls (n = 10) and whether these changes may be linked to muscle complaints. C2C12 myotubes were used to further explore the effects of TKIs on muscle metabolism in vitro. We found that TKI muscle concentrations in CML patients aligned with the concentrations at which cytotoxicity could be observed in C2C12 myotubes, and that muscle to plasma ratios tended to correlate with the degree of MC in CML patients. In C2C12 myotubes, acute TKI incubation of C2C12 myotubes resulted in alterations in energy metabolism, showing a shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. CML patients without MC showed higher oxidative capacity, characterized by higher mitochondrial complex activities in skeletal muscle and occurrence of the first ventilatory threshold at a higher percentage of peak oxygen uptake during maximal exercise compared to patients with MC. Taken together, these observations raise the possibility that TKIs may affect cellular energy metabolism and may contribute to muscle complaints.Trial registration The Netherlands Trial Registry identifier NTR6373.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"5017-5025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}