European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing muscle fitness changes to resistance training in healthy young adults using the 1-min sit-to-stand test: insights from a mobile app analysis.","authors":"Alessio Montemurro, Juan D Ruiz-Cárdenas, Mathieu Gruet, Robin Souron","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-06010-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-06010-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Beyond its clinical relevance, the 1-min sit-to-stand test (1STS) has gained attention in the general population as a measure of physical fitness. Relying solely on repetition counts may limit the interpretability of the 1STS following a training program aimed at improving muscle condition. We aimed to assess 1STS changes after a resistance program, incorporating strength and fatigability performance metrics for a more comprehensive evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>23 healthy, active participants were randomly assigned to a training or control group. The training group followed a 4-week resistance program with short rest intervals (the 3/7 method) to improve muscle strength and local muscle endurance. Performance fatigability, sit-to-stand time, velocity, and power were assessed using a mobile app from a single sit-to-stand maneuver together with the number of repetitions performed (1STS_REP). Maximum theoretical load (L₀), velocity at zero load (v₀), the area under the load-velocity curve (A_line), and one-repetition maximum (1RM) were estimated using a linear encoder from a load-velocity test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training group improved 1STS_REP (+ 16%), Sit to Stand app parameters (+ 8-25%), 1RM (+ 36%), and load-velocity metrics (L₀: + 45%, A_line: + 27%) (all P < 0.05), with no change in v₀. No changes were observed in the control group. Improvements in 1STS_REP correlated with A_line (r = 0.379, P = 0.031) and Sit to Stand app parameters (r = 0.45-0.49, P < 0.05). The training had no effect on performance fatigability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that 1STS performance improvements result from strength-related gains rather than muscle endurance, informing better training strategies for lower-body functional capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of surgical correction of nasal obstruction on running economy.","authors":"T Melekoğlu, B Arslan, A Işın, A Türk, M Akdağ, M Turhan","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-06009-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-06009-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of surgical correction of nasal obstruction on aerobic performance parameters in athletes with nasal obstruction. Specifically, we examined changes in running economy (RE), oxygen uptake (VO₂), and ventilatory responses following nasal surgery. Although previous studies have explored the effects of nasal airflow on exercise, this is the first to directly assess the impact of surgical intervention on physiological determinants of athletic performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven male athletes diagnosed with nasal obstruction (experimental group, EG) and 11 matched athletes without nasal issues (control group, CG) participated. Nasal patency was evaluated using acoustic rhinometry, while subjective symptoms were assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). All participants performed an incremental treadmill test to assess running economy, gas exchange, and ventilatory parameters both before and 2-3 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-surgery, the EG showed significant improvements in nasal patency and sleep quality, with NOSE scores decreasing from 61.36 ± 15.83 to 8.64 ± 10.27 and ESS scores from 5.09 ± 2.12 to 3.09 ± 1.76. Additionally, oxygen consumption decreased, and ventilation volume increased during the submaximal treadmill stages in the EG. A statistically significant Group × Time interaction was found for RE (p = .005), indicating greater improvements in oxygen cost in the surgical group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgical correction of nasal obstruction significantly improves running economy and ventilatory efficiency by reducing upper airway resistance and respiratory muscle workload. These adaptations may enhance aerobic performance in athletes with nasal obstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and subclinical ischemia risk in firefighters: exploratory results from a pilot study.","authors":"Nuray Demiralp, Serdar Akyel, Hürmüz Koç, Ahmet Öztürk","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-06008-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-06008-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This pilot study aimed to systematically evaluate exercise-induced electrocardiographic (ECG) responses in professional firefighters and to explore the association between premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and myocardial ischemia in this high-risk occupational group.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 21 male firefighters (mean age 43.4 ± 7.18 years) from a single municipal fire department. Participants underwent comprehensive cardiovascular assessment including anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses (lipid profile, testosterone), submaximal exercise testing (Bruce protocol), and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests and effect size calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No exercise-induced ST-segment changes indicative of myocardial ischemia were observed. However, PVCs were detected in 33% of participants (7/21), with exercise testing revealing 18 simple and 2 multiform PVCs, while Holter monitoring recorded 25 simple and 1 multiform PVC. PVC-positive firefighters were significantly older (median 49 vs. 40 years, p = 0.019, r = 0.514). Mean exercise capacity was 12.45 METs, with 81% achieving moderate fitness levels. Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR1: 24 ± 11.5 bpm; HRR2: 35.4 ± 11.5 bpm) showed normal patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this pilot study indicate the need for larger-scale investigations, supported by advanced diagnostic modalities, to clarify the clinical relevance of exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in firefighters. Although no ischemic changes were observed, the presence of subclinical coronary artery disease cannot be definitively excluded. These results provide a meaningful preliminary foundation for developing targeted screening approaches to improve early cardiovascular risk detection in high-physical-demand occupational groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To consider the exercise density in the dose-response relationship: the idea is promising, the operationalization tricky!","authors":"François-Denis Desgorces","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-06002-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-06002-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The menstrual cycle minimally affects cardiorespiratory function and body balance control in trained women during acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure (4000 m).","authors":"Cristina Rotllan, Jan Hagenaers, Marc Colls, Ginés Viscor","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05770-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05770-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The impact of the menstrual cycle (MC) on physical performance has been a hot topic in recent years, due to the increasing professionalisation of women's sports. This study set out to investigate the impact of the MC on the performance of women athletes in a hypoxic environment. The study focused on cardiovascular responses, respiratory function, and postural control as key indicators of sports performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured the physiological responses in 20 participants under hypobaric hypoxia (HH) conditions, on two occasions: during the early follicular phase (F) and in the mid-luteal phase (L). Spirometry and postural control parameters at rest were evaluated at sea level and 4000 m simulated altitude in a hypobaric chamber. The exercise performed at hypoxia was divided into two phases of different workload intensities: 40% and 70% of their theoretical maximal rate of oxygen consumption ( <math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mtext>max</mtext></mrow> </math> ), followed by a recovery period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tidal volume (VT) significantly decreased at the L phase compared to the F during high intensity exercise (1.69 vs. 1.82, p ≤ 0.05) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) was greater in the L phase versus F independently of the exercise intensity (p ≤ 0.01) under hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, spirometry and other cardiorespiratory responses did not change across the MC. Lateral velocity increased in the L phase with eyes open compared to F (4.88 vs. 4.24, p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences in the performance metrics evaluated between the menstrual cycle phases or between exercise intensities were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data confirms that the menstrual cycle in women does not generate sufficiently marked alterations to affect sports performance when acutely exposed to high altitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2963-2977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief passive exposure to extreme heat unveils age-dependent inflammatory and renal responses.","authors":"Caroline Fogagnolo, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, Ellen Cristini de Freitas","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05928-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05928-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"3033-3035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute neuromuscular fatigue, hormonal responses, and recovery in males during high-volume resistance exercises: Smith machine back squat vs horizontal leg press.","authors":"Johanna Kotikangas, Simon Walker, Keijo Häkkinen, Heikki Peltonen","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05793-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05793-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses and recovery in males during resistance exercises performed in Smith machine back squat (SQ) and horizontal leg press (LP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy, physically active men performed SQ and LP loadings consisting of 5 sets at ten-repetition maximum. Maximal bilateral isometric force and sEMG activity of quadriceps femoris over 500 ms (MIVC_EMG) in isometric leg press, countermovement jump height, and resting twitch force were assessed before (PRE) and immediately after loadings (POST), and after recovery of 30 min (POST30), 24 h (POST24), and 48 h. Serum concentrations of cortisol (COR), growth hormone (GH), testosterone, and creatine kinase were assessed at the same time points and additionally after third set (MID). Blood lactate (BL) was measured at PRE, MID, POST, and POST30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total work performed was significantly higher during SQ than LP ( 43.0 ± 5.2 kJ vs. 29.1 ± 3.1 kJ, p < 0.001). All blood-based parameters increased significantly during both loadings (p < 0.01). COR and GH were significantly higher at MID, POST, and POST30, and BL at MID during SQ than LP (p < 0.05). Neuromuscular variables decreased significantly from PRE to POST during both loadings (p < 0.05), with an interaction observed in MIVC_EMG between SQ and LP (- 10.4 vs. 6.4%, p < 0.01). All variables had returned to baseline by POST24.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SQ may provide a more potent stimulus for metabolic and hormonal responses during high-volume resistance exercise, at least partly due to the greater total work performed. Nevertheless, fatigue induced within the quadriceps femoris was similar between SQ and LP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2921-2938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDNF coexpresses with MTOR and is associated with muscle fiber size, lean mass and power-related traits.","authors":"Celal Bulgay, Erdal Zorba, Hasan H Kazan, Işık Bayraktar, Merve Uca, Mehmet A Ergün, George John, Rinat A Yusupov, Rinat I Sultanov, Ekaterina A Semenova, Andrey K Larin, Nikolay A Kulemin, Edward V Generozov, Ildus I Ahmetov","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05804-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05804-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recent research suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the mTOR signaling pathway, a key regulator of protein synthesis and muscle growth. However, it remains unclear whether BDNF influences muscle growth and power performance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of BDNF and MTOR genes in human skeletal muscle and examine the association between genetically predicted higher expression of the BDNF gene and muscle fiber size, lean mass, power performance, and power athlete status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 456,382 subjects, including 285 athletes, 112 physically active individuals with muscle fiber composition data, 291 sedentary individuals with gene expression data, 5451 controls, and 450,243 UK Biobank participants. The muscle fiber composition was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, while gene expression analysis was performed using RNA sequencing. BDNF genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR or microarrays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that BDNF gene expression was positively associated with MTOR gene expression in the vastus lateralis (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, genetically predicted higher BDNF expression (i.e., carriage of the C allele of the rs6265 (Val66Met) BDNF polymorphism) was positively associated with the cross-sectional area of fast-twitch muscle fibers in athletes (p = 0.0069), appendicular lean mass (p = 2.6 × 10⁻⁷), personal best scores of power athletes (p = 0.029), and power athlete status (p = 0.0056).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates a positive correlation between BDNF and MTOR gene expression in human skeletal muscle, with genetically predicted higher BDNF expression associated with greater muscle fiber size, lean mass, enhanced power performance, and power athlete status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2781-2792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in muscular control when performing unfamiliar elbow flexion and extension movements.","authors":"Elisa Romero Avila, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05791-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05791-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This work analyzes how the Central Nervous System (CNS) adapts its control strategies-muscle synergies and muscular coactivation-during unfamiliar elbow flexion/extension tasks at different velocities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy participants (10 male; 10 female; age 31 ± 10,2 years) were recruited. Muscular activation of the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and triceps brachii was recorded using surface electromyography. Elbow movements were tracked using a motion-capture system and an upper body biomechanical model. To represent an unfamiliar task, participants performed the movement in the transverse plane, while the familiar task was performed in the sagittal plane to allow for comparison. Movements were executed at different angular velocities to assess their effect. Muscle synergies were identified using the Non-Negative Matrix Factorization method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that the CNS adapts to unfamiliar movements primarily by increasing muscular coactivation to control position and movement velocity (p < 0.001, comparing familiar versus unfamiliar tasks). In contrast, during familiar tasks, the CNS achieves the stability required for faster movements through a higher contribution of muscle synergies (p < 0.05, comparing slowest versus fastest velocity). The statistical results revealed no significant interaction between task familiarity and movement velocity, suggesting that the effect of task familiarity on muscular activation remains consistent across all angular velocities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work provides valuable insights into how muscle synergies and muscular coactivation complement each other. For an unfamiliar elbow flexion/extension task, the CNS primarily adapts by increasing the activation of all muscles acting on the joint to control position and movement velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2765-2779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, perceptual and neuromuscular responses of team sport athletes to short duration high intensity interval training using cycling.","authors":"Craig Twist, Elliot Conboy, Max Davidson, Shane Price, Jamie Highton","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05803-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05803-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the acute physiological, perceptual and neuromuscular responses of team sport athletes to two volume-matched cycling high intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions with short work bouts (< 60 s).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using and randomised crossover design, 16 male team sport players completed 2 × 6 min (with 5 min between sets) repeated efforts of 15 s or 30 s exercising at 120% power at <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_{2 max} (p <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_{2 max}) followed by matched-duration passive recovery on a cycle ergometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Absolute mean <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ (p = 0.0257) and relative mean <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O₂ (p = 0.0275) were higher in 15 s than 30 s HIIT. Total time at > 90% <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_{2 max} during the HIIT was higher for 15 s compared to 30 s HIIT (p = 0.0257). Heart rate remained the same between trials (p = 0.805) as did oxygen pulse (p = 0.1161). B[La] was lower in 15 s compared to 30 s HIIT (p = 0.0257). Differences in dRPE-L (p = 0.0495), dRPE-B (p = 0.0495) and dRPE-O (p = 0.1837) suggested lower perceived exertion in 15 s compared to 30 s HIIT. Maximal isometric knee extension force revealed a greater reduction after 30 s HIIT (p = 0.0495).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Team sport athletes using short duration cycling-based HIIT should use 15 s work intervals to elicit greater time working near <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> O_{2 max} at a lower perceived exertion and with smaller reductions in peak muscle force after exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"3009-3015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}