European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Hormonal and inflammatory responses in prepubertal vs. pubertal male children following an acute free-weight resistance training session","authors":"Daniel Jansson, Elena Lundberg, Anna-Clara Rullander, Magnus Domellöf, Ann-Sofie Lindberg, Helena Andersson, Apostolos Theos","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05603-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05603-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Examine the acute hormonal and cytokine responses to free-weight resistance training in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Prepubertal (n = 21; age 11.4 ± 1.1 years; Tanner I–II) and pubertal male children (n = 20; age 15.8 ± 0.7 years; Tanner III–V) conducted a moderate-intensity free-weight resistance training program to failure with venous blood sampling before (pre), immediately after (post) and during the recovery phase of the program (post-15,-30 min). Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cortisol, testosterone, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed in serum samples. Biological maturation was assessed according to the stages of the Tanner scale.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>There was a significant time-by-group interaction in IGF-I response (<i>p</i> = 0.044; η² = 0.209) and testosterone (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; η² = 0.508), indicating a greater change in the pubertal group compared to the prepubertal group. Both groups significantly increased post-exercise GH levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Only the prepuberal group significantly increased levels of IL-6 at all post-exercise time points (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Both groups showed a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increase in TNF-α levels compared to resting levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These data suggest that acute testosterone and IGF-I response following resistance training differ between trained prepubertal and pubertal male children. Moderate-intensity resistance training performed to failure may thus have different effects in trained prepubertal and pubertal male children, which should be considered when giving training advice.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Trial registration</h3><p>Clinical trials number: NCT05022992.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of muscle-specific oxygenation responses and thresholds during graded cycling incremental test","authors":"Carlos Sendra-Pérez, Alberto Encarnacion-Martinez, Rosario Salvador-Palmer, Juan M. Murias, Jose I. Priego-Quesada","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05593-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05593-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compared to the determination of exercise thresholds based on systemic changes in blood lactate concentrations or gas exchange data, the determination of breakpoints based on muscle oxygen saturation offers a valid alternative to provide specific information on muscle-derived thresholds. Our study explored the profiles and timing of the second muscle oxygenation threshold (MOT2) in different muscles. Twenty-six cyclists and triathletes (15 male: age = 23 ± 7 years, height = 178 ± 5 cm, body mass = 70.2 ± 5.3 kg; 11 female: age = 22 ± 4 years, height = 164 ± 4 cm, body mass = 58.3 ± 8.1 kg) performed a graded exercise test (GXT), on a cycle ergometer. Power output, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, skinfolds and muscle oxygen saturation were registered in five muscles (vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior and triceps brachii) and percentage at which MOT2 occurred for each muscle was determinated using the Exponential Dmax. The results of Statistical Parametric Mapping and ANOVA showed that, although muscle oxygenation displayed different profiles in each muscle during a GXT, MOT2 occurred at a similar percentage of the GXT in each muscle (77% biceps femoris, 75% tibalis anterior, 76% gastrocnemius medialis and 72% vastus lateralis) and it was similar that systemic threshold (73% of the GXT). In conclusion, this study showed different profiles of muscle oxygen saturation in different muscles, but without notable differences in the timing for MOT2 and concordance with systemic threshold. Finally, we suggest the analysis of the whole signal and not to simplify it to a breakpoint.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in hormonal profiles during competition preparation in physique athletes","authors":"Ville Isola, Juha J. Hulmi, Theo Mbay, Heikki Kyröläinen, Keijo Häkkinen, Vilho Ahola, Eric R. Helms, Juha P. Ahtiainen","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05606-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05606-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Physique athletes engage in rigorous competition preparation involving intense energy restriction and physical training to enhance muscle definition. This study investigates hormonal changes and their physiological and performance impacts during such preparation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants included female (10 competing (COMP) and 10 non-dieting controls (CTRL)) and male (13 COMP and 10 CTRL) physique athletes. COMP participants were tested 23 weeks before (PRE), one week before (MID), and 23 weeks after the competition (POST). Non-dieting CTRL participants were tested at similar intervals. Measurements included body composition (DXA), muscle cross-sectional area (ultrasound), energy availability (EA) derived by subtracting exercise energy expenditure (EEE) from energy intake (EI) and dividing by fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength, and various serum hormone concentrations (ACTH, cortisol, estradiol, FSH, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, and free and total testosterone and SHBG).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>During the diet, EA (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), IGF-1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), IGFBP-3 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and absolute muscle strength (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01–0.001) decreased significantly in both sexes in COMP. Decreases in IGF-1 were also associated with higher loss in FFM. In males, testosterone (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and free testosterone (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decreased, while SHBG (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and cortisol (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased. Insulin decreased significantly only in males (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Mood disturbances, particularly increased fatigue in males (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), highlighted the psychological strain of competition preparation. All these changes were restored by increased EA during the post-competition recovery period.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Significant reductions in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 during competition preparation may serve as biomarkers for monitoring physiological stress. This study offers valuable insights into hormonal changes, muscle strength, and mood state during energy-restricted intense training.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthostatic testing for heart rate and heart rate variability monitoring in exercise science and practice","authors":"Thomas Gronwald, Marcelle Schaffarczyk, Olaf Hoos","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05601-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05601-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Orthostatic testing, involving the transition from different body positions (e.g., from lying or sitting position to an upright or standing position), offers valuable insights into the autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning and cardiovascular regulation reflected through complex adjustments in, e.g., measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). This narrative review explores the intricate physiological mechanisms underlying orthostatic stress responses and evaluates its significance for exercise science and sports practice. Into this matter, active orthostatic testing (e.g., active standing up) challenges the cardiovascular autonomic function in a different way than a passive tilt test. It is well documented that there is a transient reduction in blood pressure while standing up, leading to a reflex increase in HR and peripheral vasoconstriction. After that acute response systolic and diastolic blood pressures are usually slightly increased compared to supine lying body position. The ANS response to standing is initiated by instantaneous cardiac vagal withdrawal, followed by sympathetic activation and vagal reactivation over the first 25–30 heartbeats. Thus, HR increases immediately upon standing, peaking after 15–20 beats, and is less marked during passive tilting due to the lack of muscular activity. Standing also decreases vagally related HRV indices compared to the supine position. In overtrained endurance athletes, both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity are attenuated in supine and standing positions. Their response to standing is lower than in non-overtrained athletes, with a tendency for further decreased HRV as a sign of pronounced vagal withdrawal and, in some cases, decreased sympathetic excitability, indicating a potential overtraining state. However, as a significant main characteristic, it could be noted that additional pathophysiological conditions consist in a reduced responsiveness or counter-regulation of neural drive in ANS according to an excitatory stimulus, such as an orthostatic challenge. Hence, especially active orthostatic testing could provide additional information about HR(V) reactivity and recovery giving valuable insights into athletes' training status, fatigue levels, and adaptability to workload. Measuring while standing might also counteract the issue of parasympathetic saturation as a common phenomenon especially in well-trained endurance athletes. Data interpretation should be made within intra-individual data history in trend analysis accounting for inter-individual variations in acute responses during testing due to life and physical training stressors. Therefore, additional measures (e.g., psychometrical scales) are required to provide context for HR and HRV analysis interpretation. However, incidence of orthostatic intolerance should be evaluated on an individual level and must be taken into account when considering to implement orthostatic testing in specific subpopulations. R","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of low vs. high rating of perceived exertion clamp exercise on performance, neuromuscular, and muscle oxygen saturation responses in females","authors":"Minyoung Kwak, Pasquale J. Succi, Brian Benitez, Clara J. Mitchinson, Haley C. Bergstrom","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05607-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05607-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>This study examined the time course of changes in force, relative to critical force (CF), electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP), neuromuscular efficiency (NE), and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂), as well as time to task failure (TTF) and performance fatigability (PF) during isometric handgrip holds to failure (HTF) anchored to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at 3 and 7.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Ten females completed pre-test maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), submaximal HTF at four percentages of MVIC, an HTF at RPE = 3 and 7, and post-test MVICs. Analyses included paired samples <i>t</i>-tests, repeated measures ANOVAs and planned comparisons.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>TTF was not different between RPE 3 (540.4 ± 262.1 s) and 7 (592.2 ± 299.6 s), but PF for RPE 7 (42.1 ± 19.1%) was greater than RPE 3 (33.5 ± 15.4%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There were RPE-dependent decreases in force, EMG AMP, and NE across three discernable phases during the HTF (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but there were no significant changes in SmO₂ across time.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Although there were overall similar patterns across time for force, neuromuscular, and muscle metabolic responses between the RPE holds, the greater PF at RPE 7 than RPE 3 may be explained by the longer sustained time above CF at RPE 7, resulting in greater accumulation of intramuscular metabolites and afferent feedback. Throughout each trial, it is possible that force was adjusted to avoid the sensory tolerance limit, and the task was ended when force could no longer be reduced to maintain the assigned RPE, resulting in a similar TTF for RPE 7 and RPE 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle microvascular oxygen delivery limitations during the contraction phase of intermittent maximal effort contractions","authors":"Kylie N. Sears, Tony R. Montgomery, Colin W. Kipper, Petra Kis, Taylor K. Dinyer-McNeely, Shane M. Hammer","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05605-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05605-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The end-test torque (ETT) during intermittent maximal effort contractions reflects the highest contraction intensity at which a muscle metabolic steady-state can be attained. This study determined if ETT is the highest intensity at which the contraction phase of intermittent exercise does not limit the matching of microvascular oxygen delivery to muscle oxygen demand.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Microvascular oxygenation characteristics of the biceps brachii muscle were measured in sixteen young, healthy individuals (8M/8F, 22 ± 3 years, 80.9 ± 20.3 kg) by near-infrared spectroscopy during maximal effort elbow flexion under control conditions (CON) and with complete circulatory occlusion (OCC).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Increases in total-[heme] were blunted during OCC compared to CON (225 ± 87 vs. 264 ± 88 μM, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) but OCC did not elicit a compensatory increase in deoxygenated-[heme] at any timepoint (108 ± 62 vs. 101 ± 61 μM, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Deoxygenated-[heme] was significantly elevated during contraction, relative to relaxation, above ETT (107 ± 60 vs. 98.8 ± 60.5 μM, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but not at ETT (91.7 ± 54.1 vs. 98.4 ± 62.2 μM, <i>p</i> = 0.174). Total-[heme] was significantly reduced during contraction, relative to relaxation, at all contraction intensities during CON (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and OCC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These data suggest that ETT may reflect the highest contraction intensity at which contraction-induced increases in intramuscular pressures do not limit muscle perfusion to a degree that requires further increases in fractional oxygen extraction (i.e., deoxygenated-[heme]) despite limited microvascular diffusive conductance (i.e., total-[heme]).</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response in hypertensive patients.","authors":"Charalampos I Liakos, Constantina Aggeli, Konstantinos P Toutouzas, Maria I Markou, Gregory P Vyssoulis, Constantinos Tsioufis","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05599-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05599-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vigorous physical activity may acutely trigger the onset of an acute coronary syndrome especially in sedentary persons with established cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension. The rupture of an inflamed coronary plaque and the activation of the coagulation cascade are the main underlying mechanisms. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acute exercise on the inflammatory and thrombotic response in patients with arterial hypertension as compared to normotensive peers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After excluding patients with any inflammatory or/and coronary artery disease, a total of 60 non-treated hypertensive patients and 65 normotensive individuals underwent a maximal treadmill exercise testing. Βlood samples were drawn at rest and immediately after peak exercise. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and total fibrinogen (TF) levels, as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All biomarkers increased with exercise, except PAI-1, which decreased (P < 0.05 for the change between resting and peak exercise for all biomarkers). Αfter adjusting for relevant confounders (duration of exercise, metabolic equivalents, systolic BP, and rate-pressure product achieved at peak exercise), the normotensive group had less marked (P < 0.05) exercise-induced changes than the hypertensive group in hsCRP (7.7 vs. 8.6%), SAA (5.6 vs. 11.9%), WBC (45.0 vs. 51.7%), and PAI-1 (-17.3 vs. -20.1%) and a similar (P = NS) change in IL-6 (23.8 vs. 23.0%) and TF (8.5 vs. 8.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response seems to be more pronounced in non-treated hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls. Possible clinical implications of this finding merit further examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of minute oscillation stretching training on muscle and tendon stiffness and walking capability in people with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Riccardo Magris, Andrea Monte, Francesca Nardello, Michele Trinchi, Nicolò Vigolo, Carlo Negri, Paolo Moghetti, Paola Zamparo","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05596-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05596-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>we investigated the effects of a 10 week training program (i.e., minute oscillatory stretching; MOS) on the mechanical responses and walking capability in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>seventeen T2D patients performed maximum voluntary contractions of the plantar flexor muscles during which Achilles tendon stiffness (k_T) and muscle-tendon stiffness (k_M) were evaluated at different percentages of the maximum voluntary force (MVC). In addition, each participant was requested to walk at different walking speeds (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 kmh^-1) while their net energy cost of walking (C_net), cumulative EMG activity per distance travelled (CMAPD) and kinematic parameters (step length, step frequency, the ankle/knee range of motion) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>maximum tendon elongation increased after MOS training, and k_T significantly decreased (between 0 and 20% of MVC). No differences were observed for muscle elongation or k_M after training. C_net decreased after training (at the slowest tested speeds) while no changes in CMAPD were observed. Step length and ankle ROM during walking increased after training at the slowest tested speeds, while step frequency decreased; no significant effects were observed for knee ROM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>these results indicate the effectiveness of 10 weeks of MOS training in reducing tendon stiffness and the energy cost during walking in people with T2D. This training protocol requires no specific instrumentation, can be easily performed at home, and has a high adherence (92 ± 9%). It could, thus, be useful to mitigate mechanical tendon deterioration and improve physical behaviour in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of muscle quantity, muscle quality, and phase angle on whole-body reaction time in 5164 adults aged 20-91 years.","authors":"Wataru Fukuda, Takeshi Yoshihisa, Yosuke Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05591-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05591-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Muscle quantity, defined as appendicular lean mass (ALM); muscle quality, defined as the ratio of muscle strength to ALM; and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) are determinants of physical performance. We examined whether muscle quality indices were significant predictors of the whole-body reaction time (WBRT) in healthy female and male adults aged 20-91 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 5164 adults (2869 women and 2295 men; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.9 ± 15.6 years) were analyzed. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. ALM was estimated using a previously validated 8-electrode multi-frequency BIA. PhA was measured at 50 kHz using a BIA device. Knee extension strength (KES), leg extension power (LEP), and flexibility were examined. The ALM to weight (ALM/weight), KES to ALM (KES/ALM), and LEP to KES (LEP/KES) ratios were calculated. In the WBRT test, participants were asked to stand on a force plate and jump upright as quickly as possible in response to a light stimulus. The WBRT was divided into the response initiation and motion execution phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ALM/weight, KES/ALM, LEP/KES, PhA, and flexibility were significant independent predictors of WBRT and the time of the motion execution phase (p < 0.001). However, PhA was not a significant predictor of the time of response initiation phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Muscle quantity (ALM/weight), muscle quality (KES/ALM and LEP/KES), PhA, and flexibility are determinants of WBRT test performance, particularly in the motion execution phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling to decipher physiological determinants of improved muscle endurance.","authors":"Nicolas Place, Håkan Westerblad","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05590-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05590-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}