European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation as a performance enhancer to improve muscle force, muscle endurance, and motor skill learning.","authors":"Zachary A Riley, Quinn McCallion","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05934-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05934-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"3017-3019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach to haemoglobin oxygen affinity research at high altitude: Determination of haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curves and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in an experimental human crossover hypoxic chamber study.","authors":"Simon Woyke, Herbert Oberacher, David Plunser, Christoph Siebenmann, Rachel Turner, Ivo B Regli, Maja Schlittler, Giacomo Strapazzon, Hermann Brugger, Mathias Ströhle, Thomas Haller, Hannes Gatterer","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05806-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05806-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During rapid exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH), arterial oxygen tension and haemoglobin oxygen saturation decrease. The oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) describes the relationship of oxygen tension and haemoglobin oxygen saturation. Previous methods for ODC determination are mostly limited to standard conditions (40 mmHg PCO₂, 37 °C), and measurements of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are omitted. This study aimed to investigate hypoxia-induced changes on the ODC in a strictly controlled hypobaric chamber setting utilising a novel method for ODC determination, incorporating innovative 2,3-BPG and ATP measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomised crossover design, ten healthy males completed two 4-day sojourns, one in HH (3,500 m) and one in normoxia (NX, 262 m). ODCs were determined from venous blood at 96 h using a highly customisable high-throughput microplate reader method. Haemoglobin half saturation pressure (P50) was measured for a standardised CO₂ tension of 40 mmHg (P50_st) and individual end-tidal CO₂ tensions (P_etCO₂) (P50_act). 2,3-BPG and ATP were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>P50_st were increased in HH compared to NX but missed statistical significance (28.3 ± 2.0 mmHg vs. 26.8 ± 1.9 mmHg; p = 0.054), whilst P50_act was similar in HH and NX (26.4 ± 1.6 mmHg vs. 26.1 ± 2.7 mmHg; p = 0.360) despite reduced P_etCO₂ (31.0 ± 2.1 mmHg vs. 38.4 ± 2.5 mmHg; p < 0.001). 2,3-BPG and pH were significantly increased in HH compared to NX (16.8 ± 1.6 µmol/gHb and 20.5 ± 1.1 µmol/gHb, p < 0.001; 7.36 ± 0.01 versus 7.39 ± 0.02, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 2,3-BPG increase after 96 h in HH compensates the effect of hypoxia-induced decrease in P_etCO₂/increase in pH on the ODC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2979-2984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond FITT: addressing density in understanding the dose-response relationships of physical activity with health-an example based on brain health.","authors":"Fabian Herold, Liye Zou, Paula Theobald, Patrick Manser, Ryan S Falck, Qian Yu, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Arthur F Kramer, Kirk I Erickson, Boris Cheval, Yanxia Chen, Matthew Heath, Zhihao Zhang, Toru Ishihara, Keita Kamijo, Soichi Ando, Joseph T Costello, Mats Hallgren, David Moreau, Vahid Farrahi, David A Raichlen, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Michael J Wheeler, Neville Owen, Sebastian Ludyga, Henning Budde, Thomas Gronwald","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05858-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05858-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on physical activity (PA) and health has a fundamental concern with dose-response relationships. The variables of (1) Frequency, (2) Intensity, (3) Time, and (4) Type (i.e., the FITT principle) have traditionally been used to operationalize the dosage of PA. We consider some limitations of FITT and propose that it can be complemented by the additional variable density (from the German exercise and training variable Belastungsdichte), which can be defined as the timing of successive work bouts within a single PA bout as well as the timing between successive PA bouts within a specific time period; it does so by quantifying the temporal intervals between successive work or PA bouts (i.e., time spent at a lower PA intensity or resting such as in napping/sleeping or sedentary behaviors). Using the field of PA and brain health as an example, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for further research employing the variable density and consider its potential to improve the understanding of dose-response relationships between PA and health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2679-2707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial coupling efficiency and myofiber type related to blood pressure 22 h after high-intensity exercise in premenopausal women.","authors":"Gary R Hunter, Gordon Fisher, Stephen J Carter, Douglas R Moellering","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05805-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05805-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previously we have shown that systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases in African American (AA) women but decreases in European American (EA) women ≈22 h after a high-intensity exercise bout, suggesting delayed recovery in the AA women. We, therefore, sought to determine whether myofiber type, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and mitochondrial coupling efficiency may contribute to elevated blood pressure in AA women following a bout of high-intensity exercise. Premenopausal EA (9) and AA (7) women were aerobically trained for 8-16 weeks and <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </mrow> </math> was evaluated. After 2 days without exercise, participants were evaluated for myofiber type, mitochondrial respiration using high-resolution respirometry, and SVR 22 h following 1 h of high-intensity interval cycle ergometry. AAs had higher SBP and DBP and type IIx myofiber % but lower type IIa myofiber %. SBP was significantly related to SVR (0.71), RCR (0.44), type IIa myofiber type (- 0.48), and type IIx myofiber type (0.53). DBP was significantly related to SVR (0.58) and the respiratory acceptor control ratio (state 3/state 4, termed RCR, 0.69). SBP remained significantly higher in AAs even after adjusting for type IIx myofiber type, RCR, SVR, or <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </mrow> </math> adjusted for FFM, and additionally, DBP remained significantly higher after adjusting for type IIx myofiber type, RCR, or <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mtext>2peak</mtext></msub> </mrow> </math> adjusted for FFM. These results support the premise that mitochondrial RCR, type IIx myofiber type, and SVR may contribute to increased blood pressure ≈22 h following a bout of high-intensity exercise. Still, racial differences were not explained by any of these variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2951-2961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on the lipid profile of extracellular vesicles.","authors":"Tesha Kerr Carpenter, Mariah McCashland, Raechel Sherrick, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Mirko Mandić, Stephen D Kachman, Ferdinand von Walden, Ivan J Vechetti, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05973-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05973-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lipids are one of the most abundant molecules within extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are important for EV biology and cell signaling. However, very little attention has been given to the role of lipids in the biological function of EVs during exercise. Therefore, we completed a study using a cross-over design to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on the lipid profile of EVs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy participants (23.0 ± 3.6 years) performed an acute bout of aerobic exercise, an acute bout of resistance exercise, as well as a period of rest (control) in a randomized, cross-over design. Blood samples were collected immediately following exercise and 30 min after exercise, and exercise conditions were compared to control within each subject. Plasma EVs were isolated using cushioned-density gradient ultracentrifugation (C-DGUC). The EV size, morphology, and protein markers were examined using nanoflow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot, respectively. Additionally, we conducted an untargeted lipidomics analysis on the EV isolate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed neither exercise modality had a significant effect on the size or concentration of EVs (P > 0.05). However, we found that immediately after exercise there was a decrease in glycerophospholipids within the EVs (55% vs 49%; P < 0.05) in the resistance exercise group compared to the control group, a response not found in the aerobic exercise group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that although resistance exercise induced some changes in the lipid composition of EVs, the EV-containing lipids do not appear to be a critical mechanism utilized by cells to mediate exercise-induced adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.","authors":"Rachel Tan, Isabella G Lincoln, Keonabelle K Paniagua, Justin M Foster, Lauren E Wideen, Raymond T Gerardo, Nathan J Ornelas, Isaac Tchaprazian, Jeffrey Li, Michael Egiazarian, Samantha N Rowland, Stephen J Bailey, Adam Pennell","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05779-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05779-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary nitrate (NO₃^-) can enhance skeletal muscle contractile function and explosive-type exercise by modulating type II muscle fibers; however, limited attention has been directed at exploring the optimal dosing guidelines and potential performance-enhancing effects of NO₃^- supplementation during resistance-type exercise. The purpose of our investigation was to examine potential dose-response effects of concentrated NO₃^--rich beetroot juice on neuromuscular performance during resistance exercise. Eighteen resistance-trained men were assigned in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, to four conditions to consume beetroot juice containing: negligible NO₃^- (PL); ~ 6 mmol NO₃^- (BR-LOW); ~ 12 mmol NO₃^- (BR-MOD); and ~ 24 mmol NO₃^- (BR-HIGH). Participants completed 1 set of vertical countermovement jumps (CMJ), 2 sets × 3 repetitions of barbell back squats, and 2 sets × 3 repetitions of barbell bench press 2.5 h post-supplementation. Plasma [NO₃^-] increased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Plasma [nitrite] ([NO₂^-]) increased in all BR conditions compared to PL (P < 0.05), such that BR-MOD vs. BR-LOW (P < 0.01) and BR-LOW vs. PL (P < 0.01), but BR-HIGH was not different compared to BR-MOD (P > 0.05). Performance was not different between conditions in CMJ, 50% one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 75%1RM back squats, or 50%1RM and 75%1RM bench press (P > 0.05). The change in plasma [NO₂^-] was significantly correlated with peak power (r = - 0.65, P = 0.003), mean power (r = - 0.52, P = 0.03), and mean velocity (r = - 0.48, P = 0.04) during 50%1RM back squats following BR-LOW vs. PL but not in other conditions (P > 0.05). This study indicates that dietary NO₃^- does not impact resistance exercise performance at any of the doses assessed in the current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2869-2883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climbing performance in males: the importance of climbing-specific finger strength.","authors":"B F Buraas, M F Brobakken, E Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05802-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05802-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Climbing is one of the fastest growing sports worldwide and with recent inclusion in the Olympic Games, and mounting number of indoor climbing gyms, its popularity is augmented. However, which physiological factors that predominantly determine climbing performance is unclear. Surprisingly, evidence of the importance of climbing-specific finger strength, intuitively the most obvious physiological component for climbing performance, is limited. This study sought to examine the relationship between distal finger digits isometric strength, assessed hanging from a 22 mm edge, and redpoint climbing and bouldering performance. Moreover, the aim was to contrast the results to less climbing-specific forearm flexor (handgrip) strength and multi-joint upper extremities (pullup) strength.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen males (26 ± 3 years; 181 ± 7 cm; 75.2 ± 7.7 kg) with a previous redpoint level from 6b + to 8c (French grading scale) participated in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Very strong and strong associations, respectively, were shown between climbing-specific finger strength and bouldering (r = 0.89) and redpoint (r = 0.67, both p < 0.01) climbing performance. It also exhibited a strong correlation with campus boarding (r = 0.82, p < 0.01). Handgrip strength was moderately associated with redpoint (r = 0.54) and campus board (r = 0.47, both p < 0.05), but not bouldering performance (p > 0.05). Pullup-strength exhibited a moderate association with bouldering (r = 0.55) and campus boarding (r = 0.57, both p < 0.05), but not redpoint performance. Body weight associated moderately with bouldering (r = - 0.49) and campus boarding (r = - 0.51, both p < 0.05), whereas height did not (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Isometric distal finger strength appears to be the physiological factor most strongly related to bouldering and redpoint performance in males. However, it should be assessed in a climbing-specific exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2823-2830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition can be predicted using readily available markers of physiological decoupling.","authors":"Jeffrey A Rothschild, Gabriele Gallo, Kate Hamilton, Julian D Stevenson, Harrison Dudley-Rode, Thanchanok Charoensap, Daniel J Plews, Andrew E Kilding, Ed Maunder","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05815-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05815-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess relationships between heart rate (HR), ventilation (̇ <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> _E), and respiratory frequency (F_R) decoupling and durability of the first ventilatory threshold (VT₁), and the strength of practical models to predict power output at VT₁ during prolonged exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Durability of VT₁ was assessed via measurements of power output at VT₁ before and after ~ 2.5-h of initially moderate-intensity cycling in 51 trained cyclists, as part of four studies published elsewhere. In 12 of those participants, power output at VT₁ was assessed every hour until task failure. For every assessment of power output at VT₁, HR, F_R, and <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> ̇_E was measured at fixed power outputs, and thus decoupling of these variables with power output was determined. Bivariate repeated-measures correlations (r_rm) between decoupling and durability of VT₁ were assessed. Multivariable models were created to predict power output at VT₁ during prolonged exercise using generalised estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Negative correlations were observed between exercise-induced change in power output at VT₁ and HR (r_rm = -0.76, P < 0.001) and F_R (r_rm = -0.40, P = 0.013) decoupling, but not <math><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> </math> ̇_E decoupling (r_rm = -0.25, P = 0.136). The final prediction model, containing baseline VT₁ and peak oxygen uptake, F_R decoupling, and an interaction between HR decoupling and exercise duration, effectively predicted real-time VT₁ (mean absolute error, ~ 7.2 W; R², 0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HR and/or F_R decoupling during controlled training sessions may be a practically useful durability assessment. Our prediction models may be an effective means of improving within-session intensity regulation and training load monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2911-2920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning up the heat on skeletal muscle adaptations and neuromuscular function: key considerations for passive heating prescription and best practices.","authors":"Patrick Rodrigues, Geoffrey M Minett, Lucas B R Orssatto","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05917-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05917-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite compelling evidence supporting the benefits of passive heat therapy in promoting skeletal muscle adaptation and enhancing neuromuscular function, the topic remains debated. Some recent studies report no significant effects on muscle protein synthesis, muscle mass, recovery, strength, or power. This raises critical questions: is passive heat therapy not actually effective? Or do these discrepancies reflect inconsistencies in study protocols and an overgeneralisation of the term passive heating? Despite its growing recognition as a health treatment, exercise mimetic, and tool for sport performance and recovery, the interpretation of outcomes is often simplistic or misinformed. In this opinion article, we discuss the disparities in the literature and highlight the risks of oversimplification, such as the binary view that passive heat therapy either \"works\" or \"does not work.\" We also propose incorporating the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) principles from exercise science into thermal therapy research to enhance methodological consistency and clarity. By adopting a more structured and rigorous approach, the field can better realise the potential of passive heat therapy as a scientifically grounded intervention for both health and sport performance applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2741-2750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between myocardial work indices and main echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary exercise stress test parameters in Olympic endurance athletes.","authors":"Giuseppe Di Gioia, Armando Ferrera, Federica Mango, Davide Ortolina, Viviana Maestrini, Sara Monosilio, Giulia Paoletti, Erika Lemme, Maria Rosaria Squeo, Antonio Pelliccia","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05801-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05801-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myocardial works indices (MWI) are new echocardiographic parameters that innovatively assess left ventricular function. Although recent studies show correlation between these indices and traditional morpho-functional echocardiographic (TTE) and cardiopulmonary test (CPET) parameters in general population and in different pathologic conditions, data on athletes remains scarce. Aim of our study is to investigate a relationship between MWI and main TTE and CPET parameters in a large cohort of endurance athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 306 endurance Olympic athletes, mean age 26.3 ± 4.3 years old, 170 (55.5%) males who underwent clinical and anthropometric evaluation, TTE and CPET. Strain rate and MWI were measured and the following parameters collected: global longitudinal strain (GLS), global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive myocardial work (GCW), Global Wasted Work (GWW) and global cardiac work efficiency (GWE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MWI showed correlation with peak systolic blood pressure at CPET (GWI, p = 0.012 and GCW, p < 0.0001) and functional TTE parameters such as EF (p = 0.016 for GWI and p = 0.017 for GCW), RV GLS% (p < 0.0001 for GWI and GCW) and LA strain (p < 0.0001 for GWI and GCW). Moreover, MWI were also correlated to echocardiographic heart remodeling parameters, such as LVEDVi (p = 0.046 for GWI) and LVEDDi (p = 0.035 for GWW and p = 0.018 for GWE). MWI correlate also with O2pulse (p = 0.005 for GWI; p = 0.010 for GCW), but not with VO2max/kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, MWI were associated with cardiac remodeling, but not with VO2 max. It should therefore not be considered as a surrogate marker of an athlete's training status.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"2939-2949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}