European Journal of Applied Physiology最新文献

{"title":"No impairment of maximal oxygen uptake, pulmonary function and walking economy in patients diagnosed with long COVID: consideration of disease severity.","authors":"O K Berg, N Aagård, J Helgerud, M F Brobakken, J Hoff, E Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05722-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-025-05722-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1503-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal intensity and dose of exercise to improve university students' mental health: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Jihai Li, Zhidong Zhou, Sihai Hao, Liuhong Zang","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05688-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05688-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A systematic evaluation and network meta-analysis (NMA) using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the effects of different exercise intensities and dosages on the mental health of college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of eight electronic databases of RCTs involving mental health exercise interventions for college students was conducted, which included data from the inception of the databases through July 2024. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the literature. Pairwise, network, and dose‒response meta-analyses were conducted via random-effects models to analyze the effects of exercise on college students' mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 48 RCTs (3951 patients) were included. Light, moderate, and vigorous exercise were all significantly effective at reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, whereas very light exercise was only effective at reducing symptoms of depression and stress. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability ranking revealed that vigorous exercise had the highest probability of being the best intervention intensity to improve depression and stress symptoms, and the best exercise intensity to improve anxiety symptoms was moderate. The minimum threshold for overall exercise intervention for depressive symptoms was 150 METs-min per week, the benefits provided after doses above 1300 METs-min per week were less pronounced, and the predicted maximum significant response dose was 860 METs-min per week, which was the same as the predicted data for moderate exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Very light, light, moderate, and vigorous exercise are all potentially effective exercise intensities for improving the mental health of college students, with no significant difference in effectiveness across the four exercise intensities. SUCRA rankings revealed that vigorous exercise is the most effective intervention for depression and stress and that moderate exercise is the most effective intervention for anxiety. Exercise interventions for depressive symptoms have a low dosage threshold, are simple and easy to administer, and are good treatments for psychological problems in college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1395-1410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise blunts the reduction in power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition.","authors":"Harrison Dudley-Rode, Caryn Zinn, Daniel J Plews, Thanchanok Charoensap, Ed Maunder","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05687-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05687-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise on durability of the moderate-to-heavy-intensity transition and severe-intensity performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve trained cyclists and triathletes (10 males, 2 females; <math> <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <msub><mtext>O</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> peak, 59 ± 5 mL kg^-1 min^-1; training volume, 14 ± 5 h week^-1) performed an incremental test and 5-min time trial (TT) without prior exercise (PRE), and after 150 min of moderate-intensity cycling, with (POST_CHO) and without (POST_CON) carbohydrate ingestion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Power output at the first ventilatory threshold (VT₁) was lower in POST_CHO (225 ± 36 W, ∆ -3 ± 2%, P = 0.027, n = 11) and POST_CON (216 ± 35 W, ∆ -6 ± 4%, P = 0.001, n = 12) than PRE (229 ± 37 W, n = 12), and lower in POST_CON than POST_CHO (∆ -7 ± 9 W, ∆ -3 ± 4%, P = 0.019). Mean power output in the 5-min TT was lower in POST_CHO (351 ± 53 W, ∆ -4 ± 3%, P = 0.025) and POST_CON (328 ± 63 W, ∆ -10 ± 10%, P = 0.027) than PRE (363 ± 55 W), but POST_CHO and POST_CON were not significantly different (∆ 25 ± 37 W, ∆ 9 ± 13%, P = 0.186). Blood glucose concentration was maintained in POST_CHO, and was significantly lower at the 120 and 150-min timepoint in POST_CON (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that durability of the moderate-to-heavy-intensity transition is improved with carbohydrate ingestion. This has implications for training programming and load monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1349-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular, and renal biomarkers in trained individuals with obesity.","authors":"M D'Alleva, J M Sanz, N Giovanelli, F Graniero, L Mari, R Spaggiari, D Sergi, S Ghisellini, A Passaro, S Lazzer","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05697-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05697-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular and renal inflammatory markers in a group of trained obese men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen men (aged 40 ± 6 years; body mass index [BMI] 31.3 ± 2.8 kg m^-2, maximal oxygen uptake [V'O₂max] 41.5 ± 5.6 ml kg^-1 min^-1) ran a half, 30 km, or full marathon. Troponin I (cTnI), the n-terminal creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin, creatinine (CREA) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 3 days after the race (T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentrations of cTnI, myoglobin, LDH, CK-MB and CREA significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas eGRF decreased at T1 (P < 0.05). All the above parameters returned to baseline at T2, except for eGFR, which remained lower than that at T0 (P < 0.05). A positive association was observed between ΔCK-MB (%) and the time spent in Zone 3 during the race (R = 0.686, P = 0.014). The Δmyoglobin (%) was positively correlated with race time, race mean speed and time in Zone 3 (R = 0.574-0.862, P < 0.05). The ∆CREA values were moderately correlated with the race mean HR_MAX (%) and time spent in Zone 3 (%) (R = 0.514-0.610; P = 0.05). The ∆eGRF values were moderately inversely correlated with the time spent in Zone 3 (%) (R =  - 0.627; P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in cardiac, muscular and renal inflammatory markers in trained men with obesity are consistent with those described in the literature in normal-weight individuals. Finally, running parameters, such as running time, average running intensity and time in Zone 3 appear to be responsible for the changes in cardiac, muscular and renal function markers after long-distance running.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1485-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142947027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue-induced changes in electromyographic activity after repeated racing turns: a pilot study.","authors":"Mickael Chollet, Pierre Samozino, Baptiste Morel, Maximilien Bowen, Alhammoud Marine, Frédérique Hintzy","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05691-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05691-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alpine skiing races are physically demanding events characterized by numerous repeated near-maximal activations of the lower limb muscles. Although this type of task is known to induce neuromuscular fatigue, electromyographic activity (EMG) adaptations after repeated maximal-intensity skiing have not been previously investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six skiers completed a 6-turns section with (FAT) and without performing 30 giant slalom (GS) turns (CONT). Isometric knee extensors maximal force (F_max) was measured before and immediately after both conditions. On-snow EMG activity of VM, VL, RF, BF, SMST and GM muscles were compared between conditions for both the outside (OL) and inside (IL) legs using turn-averaged EMG amplitude (RMS_OL and RMS_IL) and EMG mean power frequency (MPF_OL and MPF_IL). EMG time-frequency maps were also computed and compared between conditions using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>F_max was significantly lower after FAT (-20.1%, p < 0.001), but did not change after CONT. RMS_OL was lower in FAT for BF (-26.8%, p = 0.020). RMS_IL was lower in FAT for VM (-24.7%, p = 0.036) and GM (-27.3%, p = 0.021). MPF_OL was lower in FAT for VM (-8.2%, p = 0.028), VL (-11.3%, p = 0.025), RF (-13.1%, p = 0.007), SMST (-9.3%, p = 0.004) and GM (-7.4%, p = 0.034). MPF_IL was lower in FAT for VM (-13.0%, p = 0.016) and RF (-11.1%, p = 0.034). SPM analysis indicated that the initiation phase of the turn was specifically affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thirty GS turns led to a substantial decrease in F_max and altered motor command, as indicated by reduced EMG frequency content, specifically in the initiation phase of the turn. The present pilot data highlight the importance of characterizing neuromuscular fatigue in competitive GS skiing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1423-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exercise on cAMP-mediated platelet inhibition in young women: a pilot study.","authors":"Lorna O'Donoghue, Domenico Crognale, Eamonn Delahunt, Albert Smolenski","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05673-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05673-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise has been shown to reduce platelet reactivity and increase platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin, an endothelium-derived inhibitor of platelet activation, in middle-aged men and women. It is currently unknown if these beneficial effects can also be observed in young women and the intracellular mechanisms involved have not been identified. In this study, the feasibility of detecting changes in platelet reactivity, prostacyclin sensitivity and cAMP signalling were tested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>10 well-trained and 10 sedentary but healthy young women participated in this study. Responses of washed platelets to thrombin receptor activating peptide 6, the thromboxane A₂ receptor agonist U46619, and prostaglandin E₁ were measured by light transmission aggregometry. Expression levels of proteins in the cAMP pathway including phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein were analysed by western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no evidence of reduced basal reactivity in platelets from the well-trained group ( <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mtext>max</mtext></mrow> </msub> </math>  = 51.1 ± 3.6 ml/kg/min) compared to the untrained group ( <math> <msub> <mrow><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>˙</mo></mover> <mtext>O</mtext></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mtext>max</mtext></mrow> </msub> </math>  = 31.1 ± 4.7 ml/kg/min). Platelets from the trained group showed evidence of greater sensitivity to the anti-aggregatory effects of prostaglandin E₁. The slope of the aggregation curves indicated an overall faster rate of aggregation in the untrained group. Mean phosphorylation levels of vasodilator-stimulating phosphoprotein were consistently higher in the trained group, indicative of increased protein kinase A activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Platelets from young women may exhibit an exercise-induced increase in sensitivity to prostacyclin leading to stimulation of the cAMP pathway. A larger study is warranted to explore this vasoprotective effect further.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1283-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating acute fatigue and overreaching during intensified training using a recursive least squares algorithm combined with the variable dose-response model.","authors":"Thierry Busso, Sébastien Chalencon","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05692-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05692-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether the variable dose-response model, with estimates free to vary over time, can account for overreaching during intensified training in swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A time-varying model using a recursive least squares algorithm was applied to data from eight swimmers collected over 61 weeks, comprising five training cycles. Each data set included daily training load calculated from pool kilometers and dry land training equivalents, and performance measured twice weekly from 50 m trials. Weekly changes in model parameters were used to calculate the model impulse response that is defined as the time course of performance after a single training session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional overreaching was evidenced by a significant decline in performance within four cycles of increased training, followed by a peak in performance after two or three weeks of reduced training. Model estimates from the time-varying model provided markers to distinguish overreaching from acute fatigue during intensified training. When an increase in training led to a decrease in performance, the characteristics of the modelled impulse responses showed a significant increase in the acute negative effect and a decrease in the delayed positive effect of a single workout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Weekly variations in estimates from a time-varying model could be useful in diagnosing overreaching from changes in the acute negative effect and delayed positive effect of training. This information provided by the model at a particular point in the training process could help practitioners to re-adjust subsequent training.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1437-1448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil but not lymphocyte response to matched interval and continuous running differs between protocols and sex.","authors":"F Adammek, S Belen, A Metcalfe, F Weißhaar, N Joisten, D Walzik, P Zimmer","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05675-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05675-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When considering the acute effects of different modalities of endurance training on cellular immune components, the matching of duration and mean intensity and the consideration of sex-dependent differences have received less attention so far. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of interval running (IR) vs. continuous running (CR) on circulating immune cells and cellular immune inflammation markers. Additionally, we analyze sex-dependent differences in these effects. In a cross-over study design, 24 recreational runners completed a mean intensity and duration-matched session of IR and CR. Blood samples were taken immediately before, after, and 1 h after exercise cessation for cell counts and cortisol level quantification. Neutrophil counts showed a sustained increase after both exercise modalities with significantly greater values after IR compared to CR at 1 h after exercise and greater increases in females. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index increased 1 h after exercise with significantly higher values after IR compared to CR with greater values in females. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased in both immediately after IR and 1 h after exercise in both sexes and modalities. The cortisol level shows a lower value immediately after CR compared to IR with no sex-dependent differences. The IR protocol induces greater immune cell mobilizations in comparison to CR, which is primarily based on a systemic increase in neutrophil counts. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index are suitable to distinguish this effect between training modalities. Sex-dependent differences confirm that biological sex influences the immune cells response to acute exercise. Protocol registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00017686, Date of registration: 11.02.2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1271-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7 days of L-citrulline supplementation does not improve running performance in the heat whilst in a hypohydrated state.","authors":"Thomas G Cable, Mark P Funnell, Kirsty M Reynolds, Ella F Hudson, Heather Z Macrae, Drusus A Johnson, Lee Taylor, Liam M Heaney, Stephen A Mears, Stephen J Bailey, Lewis J James","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05671-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05671-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>7 days L-citrulline supplementation has been reported to improve blood pressure, <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> O₂ kinetics, gastrointestinal (GI) perfusion and endurance cycling performance through increasing arterial blood flow. In situations where blood volume is compromised (e.g., hyperthermia/hypohydration), L-citrulline may improve thermoregulation and exercise performance by redistributing blood flow to aid heat loss and/or muscle function. This study assessed 7 days L-citrulline supplementation on running performance in the heat, whilst mildly hypohydrated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>13 endurance runners (2 female, 31 ± 8 y, <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> O₂peak 60 ± 6 mL/kg/min) participated in a randomised crossover study with 7 days L-citrulline (CIT; 6 g/d) or placebo (maltodextrin powder; PLA) supplementation. Participants completed a 50 min running 'preload' at 65% <math><mover><mtext>V</mtext> <mo>.</mo></mover> </math> O₂peak (32 °C, 50% relative humidity) to induce hyperthermia and hypohydration before a 3 km running time trial (TT). Body mass and blood samples were collected at baseline, pre-preload, post-preload and post-TT, whilst core and skin temperature, heart rate and perceptual responses were collected periodically throughout.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TT performance was not different between trials (CIT 865 ± 142 s; PLA 892 ± 154 s; P = 0.437). Core and skin temperature and heart rate (P ≥ 0.270), hydration (sweat rate, plasma volume, osmolality) indices (P ≥ 0.216), GI damage (P ≥ 0.260) and perceptual responses (P ≥ 0.610) were not different between trials during the preload and TT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>7 days of L-citrulline supplementation had no effect on 3 km running performance in the heat or any effects on thermoregulation or GI damage in trained runners in a hypohydrated state.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1411-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional flexion relaxation phenomenon in lumbar extensor muscles under delayed-onset muscle soreness: high-density surface electromyography insights.","authors":"Julien Ducas, Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez, Guillaume Vadez, Jacques Abboud","doi":"10.1007/s00421-024-05678-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00421-024-05678-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether lumbar delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) impacts the magnitude of the flexion relaxation phenomenon regionally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen adult participants (9 men and 9 women) performed flexion extension movement under two conditions (with and without DOMS). Lumbar muscle activation strategies were recorded using high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) on both sides of the trunk. To determine the spatial distribution of flexion relaxation phenomenon, flexion relaxation ratio of muscle activity was computed for all electrodes of the HDsEMG grid and the coordinates of the centroid (average position of flexion relaxation ratio across the HDsEMG grid) in the mediolateral and craniocaudal axis were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a cranial shift (~ 6 mm) of flexion relaxation phenomenon within the lumbar extensor muscles when DOMS was present (both sides: p < 0.05), possibly attributed to the increased recruitment of lumbar stabilizing muscles located caudally, which may serve as a guarding mechanism to pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the importance of evaluating the entire lumbar region when assessing the flexion relaxation phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":12005,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1323-1336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}